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[MiniMax-H3][CUDA] Add deterministic FFN down projection candidate - #535
Adds an eager BF16 14336-to-5376 H3 FFN down projection using the existing Triton GEMM with BF16 MMA tiles, FP32 accumulation and canonical weight-gradient reduction. The registry descriptor remains test-only and fails closed. References #420.
Review fixes correct the arithmetic description, construct one backend per forward, distinguish input/weight-gradient kernels in traces, and snapshot padding indices during forward so unpadded backward calls avoid the padding check's scalar readback. Padded uses still reject nonzero upstream gradients. The validation CLI also keeps capture-provenance verification pending even when a fixture declares captured activations; tests check actual gradient calls and output cardinality. Device arithmetic and launch settings are unchanged; no speedup is claimed.
Validation: the follow-up operator/tooling suites passed 33 tests with 3 SM90 skips. The preceding repair passed 56 tests with 3 SM90 skips across operator, kernel-registry and layout-compatibility suites; the unchanged registry/layout results are reused. Lint and formatting passed. No GPU run was performed for this update. Historical H100 validation on 2026-10-10 reported 64 GPU/profile tests, 49 cases / 1,141 comparisons and 45 matching replay hashes. Those results were inspected against original evidence, not rerun, and do not establish GPU acceptance or performance of the updated wrapper.
One core document and one compact historical JSON with a checksum retain the results and original bundle hashes. Full reports and raw originals remain private; evidence bytes and pins are unchanged. Historical trace labels retain the old FP32-dot wording, interpreted by the corrected arithmetic description in docs/operators/h3-ffn-down.md.
Limitations: real checkpoint weights use synthetic activations; captured-runtime and full-model integration, independent-environment replay and production qualification remain pending. Historical timings are slower than ordinary torch BF16. The legacy native comparator failed accuracy and is not an automatic fallback. acceptance_complete remains false.
Summary by CodeRabbit
New Features
Added an H3 FFN down-projection candidate with fixed-order GPU computation and canonical training-gradient support.
Added validation tools that report accuracy, performance, and provenance evidence, with optional fixture generation and visual summaries.
Added historical results and setup guidance, including requirements for running the validation workflow.
Tests
Added coverage for operator contracts, backward-session behavior, fixture validation, and reporting tools.
Chores
Excluded generated validation artifacts from version control.
This change adds an SM90 BF16 H3 FFN down-projection operator with a fixed Triton backend, canonical backward handling, and a registry entry. It also adds fixture preparation, qualification and reporting tools, tests, documentation, and historical H100 results.
Changes: H3 Down-Projection
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Operator contract and execution rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py, rl_engine/ops/gemm/h3_ffn_down.py, rl_engine/runtime/registry.py, tests/ops/gemm/test_h3_ffn_down.py
Adds a fixed-tile Triton backend and the H3 operator, including input and backend checks, canonical weight-gradient handling, execution metadata, and a registry descriptor. Tests cover operator contracts, gradients, backend resolution, and SM90 accuracy.
Reference checks and fixture preparation rl_engine/validation/operators/h3_down_validation.py, tools/weights/prepare_h3_down_fixture.py, tests/validation/operators/test_h3_down_fixture.py
Adds FP32 reference and comparison helpers, canonical-session validation, and fixture preparation from a pinned checkpoint. Fixture tests cover ranged downloads and tensor extents.
Qualification and report workflow tools/validation/operators/validate_h3_ffn_down.py, ci/scripts/run_h3_down_h100.sh, benchmarks/operators/gemm/plot_h3_down_report.py, tests/validation/operators/test_h3_down_tooling.py, requirements/h3-down.txt, .gitignore
Adds a qualification CLI and H100 runner. The CLI records provenance, numerical checks, and timing results. The report tool writes Markdown, CSV, and charts. Tests cover CPU failure reports, report rendering, and fixture metadata.
Recorded results and operator documentation docs/operators/h3-ffn-down.md, docs/operators/h3-ffn-down-results.json, docs/operators/h3-ffn-down-results.sha256
Adds the operator contract and historical H100 results, including accuracy, invariance, timing, and backend comparisons. The documentation states that production qualification remains incomplete.
sequenceDiagram
participant Validator as validate_h3_ffn_down.py
participant Operator as H3FFNDownGemmOp
participant Backend as FixedFP32Backend
participant Report as JSON report
participant Plotter as plot_h3_down_report.py
Validator->>Operator: Run projection cases and checks
Operator->>Backend: Launch fixed-tile GEMM
Operator-->>Validator: Return outputs, gradients, and execution traces
Validator->>Report: Save qualification evidence
Plotter->>Report: Read report cases and checks
Plotter-->>Validator: Write Markdown, CSV, and charts
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Possibly related issues
RL-Align/RL-Kernel#420: The issue describes the H3 FFN down-projection work item and its validation artifacts, which this change adds.
Suggested labels:component: kernels
Merge Risk: High · up to efaae
The new H3 FFN down projection uses a Triton backend whose kernel launch is missing required arguments. Under the supplied kernel signature, the default GPU path would fail on every call. The registry entry is test-only and fails closed, which limits production exposure. The launch should still be fixed and re-run on GPU before merging.
Pre-merge checks: 4 · 1
Failed checks: 1 warning
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Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed checks: 4 passed
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The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: adding a deterministic CUDA FFN down-projection candidate for MiniMax-H3.
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Full details: Docstring Coverage
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Docstring coverage is 7.50% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff with cyclomatic complexity of at least 2. Documentation-only edits and deletions within surviving functions are included; unchanged diff context and fully deleted functions are excluded. Analyzed 40 functions across 11 files. (5 skipped: 5 unsupported.)
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Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
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Please move the new scripts into the appropriate directories from #497 (tools/validation, tools/weights, benchmarks, ci/scripts, and requirements) and update the test imports and documented commands. Otherwise, this looks good to me as an experimental candidate.
Update test imports, repository-root discovery, runner commands and the reproduction guide for the repository layout.
Signed-off-by: zzf2024 <188711200+zzf2024@users.noreply.github.com>
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity low · category other)
The adjacency check x.reshape(...).contiguous() in _H3DownFn.forward (line 130) normalizes the layout, but in backwardctx.trace["canonical_active_rows"] = rows.shape[0] reports the padded row count (see _weight_gradient), so for active counts not divisible by 32 the trace reports more rows than actually exist while dw_order is documented as "lexicographic active logical keys; trailing zero pad to 32". This is only a reporting inconsistency, not a correctness bug — consider verifying it in the tooling if the counts are consumed downstream.
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category maintainability)
comparison() ignores the role/ordering required by the resolved contract cell. resolve_tolerance returns comparison_lhs_role/comparison_rhs_role (e.g. batch/canonical, transformed_config/canonical_config), but here lhs is used as candidate and rhs as reference in both raw_equal and the tolerance math. Callers such as add_checks(case, canonical, reference, "fp32_reference", accuracy=True) and add_checks(case, repeat, canonical, "repeat") pass (candidate, reference) / (transformed, canonical), which matches the contract order, but nothing in this function enforces or records it — a caller that swaps arguments silently produces a reversed evidence record with no failure. Please resolve and assert the roles (or at least record spec.comparison_lhs_role / comparison_rhs_role next to judgment so the report can be audited) instead of leaving the direction implicit.
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category bug)
The non-bitwise path computes error / limit where limit = atol + rtol * |r32|. For the logprob rows the contract declares rtol: 0.0 (ws1.json), so any cell with atol == 0 would make limit zero, error/limit NaN, and failed stay 0 → false pass. Today reduction/bfloat16 carries atol > 0, but comparison() is a generic helper used with judgment chosen by callers; guard the degenerate case so a zero tolerance cannot silently pass:
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category bug)
reference is computed once (FP32 oracle for y/dx/dw at full shape), but add_checks(...) is later called with case, repeat, canonical, chunked, layout, padded[0][:rows], etc. In those invariance calls expected is canonical (a tuple of 3 tensors), never reference. However note the repeat and chunked results are compared only against canonical, so a systematic error shared by both executions passes invariance — acceptable per contract. The concrete defect is elsewhere: del reference occurs aftercompare_vllm, and the vllm_comparison call passes the same reference tuple whose ordering is (y, dx, dw) while pairs is ((x, w.t()), (dy, w), (dy.t(), x)); if any pair produces a differently-shaped result (e.g. a transposed shape for dy.t() @ x), the comparison call returns passed=False with error="shape mismatch", and it is only appended into result["checks"] of the probe, never into case["checks"] — so the main report still passes. Either fold probe failures into case["passed"] when --compare-vllm is set, or clearly separate the probe status in the acceptance aggregation.
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category maintainability)
provenance() hardcodes ws1.json for contract_sha256, while contract_version comes from load_contract() (which defaults to _CONTRACT_PATH = .../ws1.json). If the default contract path ever changes, the hashed file and the loaded contract diverge and the recorded evidence no longer attests the thresholds actually used. Derive both from the same source (e.g. expose the resolved contract path from rl_engine.contracts.numerical and hash it).
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category test)
row_local(op, x, w, dy) calls op(x, w.detach()) without logical_keys, while training_projection always passes keys. Inside H3FFNDownGemmOp.__call__, _register_rows requires logical_keys to be an int64 tensor whenever weight.requires_grad — here the weight is passed as w.detach() (requires_grad False), so it happens to take the session is None path and skip the check. That makes these singleton/padding comparisons exercise a different code path (no canonical registration, no padding selection) than the canonical run they are compared against, so a regression in the key/padding handling would not be detected by these checks. Pass logical_keys for the first row to compare like-for-like.
📄 ci/scripts/run_h3_down_h100.sh (L75-L75)
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category bug)
The plot step is invoked unconditionally after the validation run whose exit status was captured but not gated. If validation failed and wrote no (or a partial) report.json, this line raises an uncaught FileNotFoundError/KeyError and aborts the script before echo "Evidence directory: ...", so the real validation failure is masked by the crash and no evidence directory is printed. Guard the plot invocation on the report existing (and on validation_status), and keep the plot failure separate from the validation verdict.
📄 ci/scripts/run_h3_down_h100.sh (L15-L15)
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category bug)
The script forces RL_KERNEL_REQUIRE_EXT=1 (extension required) but only builds the native extension when H3_BUILD_NATIVE=1. On a clean H100 runner where the extension is not prebuilt and H3_BUILD_NATIVE is unset, every test/validation that loads the ext fails, yet the runbook proceeds and only reports the failure at the end (or, if the plot step crashes first, not at all). Either require prebuilt extension detection up front (fail fast with a clear message) or build unconditionally when the ext is missing.
⚠️ GitHub could not post this as an inline comment: Routed to summary (severity medium · category maintainability)
The recorded source_hashes reference paths that do not correspond to the files shipped in this PR (rl_engine/kernels/ops/h3_ffn_down.py, rl_engine/kernels/ops/h3_down_fp32_backend.py, rl_engine/kernels/ops/h3_down_validation.py, rl_engine/kernels/registry.py, scripts/validate_h3_ffn_down.py). The actual files added are rl_engine/ops/gemm/h3_ffn_down.py, rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py, rl_engine/validation/operators/h3_down_validation.py, rl_engine/runtime/registry.py, and tools/validation/operators/validate_h3_ffn_down.py. As written, the evidence cannot be tied to the current tree — the hashes certify files at paths that no longer exist. Either update the paths/hashes to the current layout or explicitly state that the paths are historical and unrunnable in this tree, so the artifact is not mistaken for evidence of the current implementation.
⚠️Warnings:
rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py,rl_engine/ops/gemm/h3_ffn_down.py,rl_engine/runtime/registry.py (review_limit_reached): reached the aggregate token budget before finishing; the grace round did not complete the task
rl_engine/validation/operators/h3_down_validation.py,tools/validation/operators/validate_h3_ffn_down.py,tools/weights/prepare_h3_down_fixture.py (review_limit_reached): reached the aggregate token budget before finishing; the grace round did not complete the task
rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py (token_budget_reached): stopped group "rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py,rl_engine/ops/gemm/h3_ffn_down.py,rl_engine/runtime/registry.py" mid-review: used 619328 tokens exceeds budget 500000
tests/ops/gemm/test_h3_ffn_down.py (token_budget_reached): stopped dispatch: used 619328 tokens + group estimate 123036 = projected 742364 exceeds budget 500000
benchmarks/operators/gemm/plot_h3_down_report.py,ci/scripts/run_h3_down_h100.sh,docs/operators/h3-ffn-down-results.json (review_limit_reached): reached the aggregate token budget before finishing; the grace round did not complete the task
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With PROMOTE_INPUTS=False the _det_gemm_fp32_kernel body skips a = a.to(tl.float32) / b = b.to(tl.float32), so tl.dot(a, b, allow_tf32=False) runs a BF16×BF16 tensor-core MMA with an FP32 accumulator, not the "FP32 dot tiles" this class, the op trace (arithmetic: "32-wide FP32 dot tiles..."), and the registry descriptor (fp32_dot_tiles_ordered_fp32_adds_bf16_epilogue) all claim. The executor should either pass PROMOTE_INPUTS=True to match the declared contract, or the class docstring, trace["arithmetic"], and the registry descriptor should be corrected to describe BF16 MMA with FP32 accumulation, since downstream numerical/bitwise comparisons will be judged against the wrong expectation.
Please review and address all automated review bot findings, then push your updates. Maintainers will begin manual review after the bot findings have been addressed.
Describe BF16 MMA with FP32 accumulation, retain one backend per forward, and distinguish gradient kernel roles. Prepare padding indices during forward while preserving strict padded-gradient validation.
Signed-off-by: zzf2024 <188711200+zzf2024@users.noreply.github.com>
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The adapter passes a and b through with their original strides, but the callers hand over non-contiguous views: det_gemm_fwd_rhs_transposed passes weight.t() (stride (1, 5376)) and det_gemm_db_transposed passes gradient.t(). _det_gemm_fp32_kernel masks its loads with offs_k < k_rem / offs_n < N only — it never bounds offs_k for the last K block against stride_ak reads, and, more importantly, the reference entry point _triton_gemm_fp32 always calls .contiguous() on both operands before launching. Skipping that here means the kernel is exercised with a layout path the pinned config was never validated against, and the resulting per-tile address arithmetic (b_ptrs += BLOCK_K * stride_bk on a transposed view) changes the K-element gather order relative to the contiguous path. Materialize contiguous operands (or explicitly validate a.is_contiguous() and b.is_contiguous()) so the declared arithmetic/'ordered FP32 tile additions' contract matches the reused kernel's validated path.
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padding_rows is a non-input, non-output tensor produced inside forward and passed to save_for_backward. Only inputs/outputs of the Function may be saved this way; saving an internally-created integer index tensor can interact badly with the saved-tensor version/lifetime handling, and more importantly these indices are only meaningful for the local x rows pending in this ctx. They are never used after the session concatenation/lexicographic reorder (submit_linear reorders all_rows/all_grads and drops padding rows entirely), so the padding check must run on the local grad rows before submission — which it does — but the tensor should not be smuggled through save_for_backward. Store it on ctx as a plain attribute (or as a Python list/tuple) instead, and keep save_for_backward limited to flat, native_weight, x, weight.
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Empty case list yields a vacuous pass. all([]) is True, so if --rows/--families produce no cases (or a case list that ends up empty), report["status"] becomes "passed". The CLI then returns exit code 0, and downstream consumers/plotting that key off status will treat an unvalidated run as successful. Accepting a --fixture-only run is one trigger; a future default arg change is another. Guard explicitly on an empty case list.
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This adapter is contractually the input-gradient path (dx = dY @ W), but unlike det_gemm_fwd_rhs_transposed and det_gemm_db_transposed it performs no transposition. With the native [5376, 14336] weight, gemm(gradient[rows,5376], weight[5376,14336]) reduces over H3_HIDDEN_DIM, i.e. it computes dY @ W instead of dY @ W.T, silently producing [rows, 14336] activations rather than a gradient w.r.t. the 14336-wide input. _H3DownFn.backward then only reshapes this to ctx.input_shape, so the wrong values flow into x.grad without any error. The native SM90 det_gemm_fwd uses a different convention; the Triton mirror needs self.gemm(gradient, weight.t()) (or a transposed-right kernel variant, matching the [rows, 14336] output width) so the reduction axis and result match the native backend.
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This blind native_* → candidate_* rename silently relabels benchmark entries. Two problems:
A genuine native_forward entry (produced by an earlier native-midtree report, whose backend is documented as rejected in docs/operators/h3-ffn-down-results.json under rejected_native) becomes candidate_forward, so rejected-backend numbers are reported as accepted candidate evidence in summary.md.
If a case already contains both native_forward and candidate_forward, the dict comprehension keeps only one of them (last-writer wins), silently dropping a measurement.
Renaming should be explicit/opt-in (e.g., a --relabel-native flag or mapping only known keys) and collisions should be detected and reported rather than overwritten.
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Missing accuracy data is plotted as a perfect score (0). A case with no fp32_reference check for a given tensor yields an empty generator, and max() over an empty set raises ValueError; if the field is absent it silently becomes 0, which reads as "zero error" on the accuracy axis against the tolerance line at 1. Both directions misrepresent the evidence. Guard the empty set (skip or plot NaN) and avoid defaulting missing data to 0, so untested cases are visually distinguishable from passing ones.
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_det_gemm_fp32_kernel in rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/det_gemm.py has the signature (a_ptr, b_ptr, c_ptr, bias_ptr, M, N, K, ...) and HAS_BIAS is a required constexpr. Here output is passed in the bias_ptr slot and no bias_ptr/HAS_BIAS argument is supplied, so the launch will either fail to bind (missing required constexpr HAS_BIAS) or, if it binds, launch with the output tensor as the bias operand and an unbound C pointer. Add the missing None bias argument and HAS_BIAS=False. (Verified by inspecting the kernel definition; this blocks all H3 down execution.)
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HAS_BIAS is a required constexpr of _det_gemm_fp32_kernel and is not passed. Add HAS_BIAS=False so the launch matches the kernel signature (see the bias_ptr comment above).
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Actionable comments posted: 1
🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Review comments at
@rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py:
- Around line 36-53: Update the `_det_gemm_fp32_kernel` launch through
`self.kernel` to pass `None` for the required `bias_ptr` positional argument and
set `HAS_BIAS=False`. Keep the existing argument order, tile sizes, masks, and
accumulation behavior unchanged.
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Major · Functional Correctness · Quick win
Supported by static analysis
Script executed:
#!/bin/bash# Compare the kernel signature with the adapter launch.
rg -nP -A24 'def _det_gemm_fp32_kernel' rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/det_gemm.py
# Compare with other launches of the same kernel in the repository.
rg -nP -B2 -A22 '_det_gemm_fp32_kernel\[' rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/
Repository: RL-Align/RL-Kernel
Length of output: 4821
Script executed:
# Resolve the self.kernel binding and the imports in the adapter.
rg -n -F -e 'self.kernel' -e '_det_gemm_fp32_kernel' -e 'kernel =' -e 'import' -e 'class FixedFP32Backend' -- rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py ||test"$?" -eq 1
# Read the adapter header and constructor, where the kernel is typically bound.
sed -n '1,60p' rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py
# Read the kernel's enclosing context to confirm it is a module-level or conditionally defined symbol.
sed -n '735,760p' rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/det_gemm.py
Repository: RL-Align/RL-Kernel
Length of output: 3722
Pass the missing bias_ptr and HAS_BIAS arguments to _det_gemm_fp32_kernel.
self.kernel is det_gemm._det_gemm_fp32_kernel. That kernel requires 13 positional parameters and HAS_BIAS, which has no default. The launch supplies 12 positional arguments and no HAS_BIAS. The launch cannot bind every required parameter, so the call fails before the kernel compiles or runs, on any device.
The positional arguments also shift. m binds to bias_ptr, n binds to M, and k binds to N. The output stride stride_cn receives no argument.
Pass None for the bias pointer and HAS_BIAS=False. The fixed-order chunk launch in det_gemm.py uses the same form. The tile sizes, masks, and accumulation order stay unchanged.
Proposed fix
--- "a/rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py"+++ "b/rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py"@@ -33,24 +33,26 @@
m, k = a.shape
n = b.shape[1]
output = torch.empty((m, n), dtype=torch.bfloat16, device=a.device)
compiled = self.kernel[(self.triton.cdiv(m, 64), self.triton.cdiv(n, 64))](
a,
b,
output,
+ None,
m,
n,
k,
*a.stride(),
*b.stride(),
*output.stride(),
BLOCK_M=64,
BLOCK_N=64,
BLOCK_K=32,
PROMOTE_INPUTS=False,
+ HAS_BIAS=False,
num_warps=4,
num_stages=2,
enable_fp_fusion=False,
)
if compiled.hash not in _BINARY_HASHES:
_BINARY_HASHES[compiled.hash] = hashlib.sha256(compiled.asm["cubin"]).hexdigest()
self.h3_last_launch = {
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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Review comment at @rl_engine/backends/shared/triton/gemm/h3_down_fp32_backend.py
around lines 36 - 53:
Update the `_det_gemm_fp32_kernel` launch through `self.kernel` to pass `None`
for the required `bias_ptr` positional argument and set `HAS_BIAS=False`. Keep
the existing argument order, tile sizes, masks, and accumulation behavior
unchanged.
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review. Visit https://docs.coderabbit.ai/cli?utm_source=ghpr
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Adds an eager BF16 14336-to-5376 H3 FFN down projection using the existing Triton GEMM with BF16 MMA tiles, FP32 accumulation and canonical weight-gradient reduction. The registry descriptor remains test-only and fails closed. References #420.
Review fixes correct the arithmetic description, construct one backend per forward, distinguish input/weight-gradient kernels in traces, and snapshot padding indices during forward so unpadded backward calls avoid the padding check's scalar readback. Padded uses still reject nonzero upstream gradients. The validation CLI also keeps capture-provenance verification pending even when a fixture declares captured activations; tests check actual gradient calls and output cardinality. Device arithmetic and launch settings are unchanged; no speedup is claimed.
Validation: the follow-up operator/tooling suites passed 33 tests with 3 SM90 skips. The preceding repair passed 56 tests with 3 SM90 skips across operator, kernel-registry and layout-compatibility suites; the unchanged registry/layout results are reused. Lint and formatting passed. No GPU run was performed for this update. Historical H100 validation on 2026-10-10 reported 64 GPU/profile tests, 49 cases / 1,141 comparisons and 45 matching replay hashes. Those results were inspected against original evidence, not rerun, and do not establish GPU acceptance or performance of the updated wrapper.
One core document and one compact historical JSON with a checksum retain the results and original bundle hashes. Full reports and raw originals remain private; evidence bytes and pins are unchanged. Historical trace labels retain the old FP32-dot wording, interpreted by the corrected arithmetic description in docs/operators/h3-ffn-down.md.
Limitations: real checkpoint weights use synthetic activations; captured-runtime and full-model integration, independent-environment replay and production qualification remain pending. Historical timings are slower than ordinary torch BF16. The legacy native comparator failed accuracy and is not an automatic fallback. acceptance_complete remains false.
Summary by CodeRabbit