fix(security): upgrade fast-uri to 4.1.2 to patch SSRF vulnerabilities

[KiranHK-code]

Security: Prevent Host Confusion and Path Traversal in fast-uri

Description

This PR addresses security vulnerabilities in fast-uri related to URL parsing, normalization, and resolution.

The affected parsing behavior can allow specially crafted URLs containing percent-encoded delimiters or dot segments to be interpreted differently than intended. In security-sensitive applications, this may result in host confusion or path traversal and could potentially be exploited to perform SSRF attacks.

Issues addressed

• Host confusion via percent-encoded authority delimiters

  • Prevents percent-encoded URL delimiters from being incorrectly interpreted during URL parsing and resolution.
  • Ensures the authority/host component cannot be altered through ambiguous encoding.

• Path traversal via percent-encoded dot segments

  • Ensures encoded . and .. path segments are correctly normalized.
  • Prevents traversal outside the intended URL path when resolving URLs.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Craft URLs containing percent-encoded authority delimiters such as encoded /, ?, or # characters.
2. Craft URLs containing percent-encoded dot segments such as %2e, %2e%2e, or equivalent encoded representations.
3. Parse and resolve the crafted URLs using fast-uri.
4. Observe whether the resulting host or resolved path differs from the intended URL.

Expected Behavior

fast-uri should:

• Correctly parse URL authority and host components.
• Prevent percent-encoded delimiters from causing host confusion.
• Normalize percent-encoded . and .. path segments safely.
• Prevent path traversal during URL resolution.
• Produce consistent results between parsing, normalization, and resolution.
• Reject or safely normalize ambiguous URL inputs.

Changes

This PR:

• Strengthens URL parsing and normalization.
• Handles percent-encoded authority delimiters safely.
• Adds proper normalization for encoded dot segments.
• Prevents traversal during relative URL resolution.
• Adds regression tests for maliciously crafted URLs.
• Ensures existing valid URL parsing behavior remains unchanged.

Testing

Regression tests cover:

• Percent-encoded authority delimiters.
• Encoded /, ?, and # characters in URL components.
• Single encoded dot segments.
• Double encoded dot segments.
• Mixed encoded and unencoded traversal sequences.
• Relative URL resolution involving encoded traversal paths.
• Valid URLs to ensure there are no regressions.

Security Impact

These changes prevent ambiguous URL parsing and normalization that could allow attackers to influence the interpreted destination host or escape an intended URL path.

This reduces the risk of host confusion, path traversal, and SSRF in applications relying on fast-uri for URL parsing and resolution.

fixes #81

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[KiranHK-code]

Hi @vallabhatech please review this PR