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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions tex/rep-theory/applications.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ \section{Frobenius divisibility}
To see this, note that $T_i$ commutes with elements of $G$,
and hence is an intertwining operator $T_i \colon V \to V$.
Thus by Schur's lemma, $T_i = \lambda_i \cdot \id_V$
and $\Tr T = \lambda_i \dim V$.
and $\Tr T_i = \lambda_i \dim V$.
By \Cref{lem:group_ring_integral}, $\lambda_i \in \ol\ZZ$, as desired.

Now we are done, since $\ol{\chi_V(C_i)} \in \ol\ZZ$ too
Expand All @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ \section{Burnside's theorem}

\begin{lemma}[On $\gcd(|C|, \dim V) = 1$]
\label{lem:burnside_ant_lemma}
Let $V = (V, \rho)$ be an complex irrep of $G$.
Let $V = (V, \rho)$ be a complex irrep of $G$.
Assume $C$ is a conjugacy class of $G$ with $\gcd(|C|, \dim V) = 1$.
Then for any $g \in C$, either
\begin{itemize}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ \section{Burnside's theorem}
By contradiction.
Assume $C$ is such a conjugacy class, and fix any $g \in C$.
By the second orthogonality formula (\Cref{prob:second_orthog})
applied $g$ and $1_G$ (which are not conjugate since $g \neq 1_G$) we have
applied to $g$ and $1_G$ (which are not conjugate since $g \neq 1_G$) we have
\[ \sum_{i=1}^r \dim V_i \chi_{V_i}(g) = 0 \]
where $V_i$ are as usual all irreps of $G$.
\begin{exercise}
Expand All @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ \section{Burnside's theorem}
We claim this is a nontrivial normal subgroup of $G$.
It is easy to check $H$ is normal,
and since $|C| > 1$ we have that $H$ is nontrivial.
As represented by $V$ each element of $H$ acts trivially in $G$,
As represented by $V$ each element of $H$ acts trivially on $V$,
so since $V$ is nontrivial and irreducible, $H \neq G$.
This contradicts the assumption that $G$ was simple.
\end{proof}
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions tex/rep-theory/characters.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ \chapter{Characters}
Characters are basically the best thing ever.
To every representation $V$ of $A$ we will attach a
so-called character $\chi_V \colon A \to k$.
It will turn out that the characters of finite-dimensional irreps of $V$
It will turn out that the characters of finite-dimensional irreps of $A$
will determine the representation $V$ completely.
Thus a finite-dimensional irrep is just specified by a set of $\dim A$ numbers.

\section{Definitions}
\begin{definition}
Let $V = (V, \rho)$ be a finite-dimensional representation of $A$.
The \vocab{character} $\chi_V \colon A \to k$ attached to
$A$ is defined by $\chi_V = \Tr \circ \rho$, i.e.\
$V$ is defined by $\chi_V = \Tr \circ \rho$, i.e.\
\[ \chi_V(a) \defeq \Tr\left( \rho(a) \colon V \to V \right). \]
\end{definition}
Since $\Tr$ and $\rho$ are additive, this is a $k$-linear map
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ \section{The dual space modulo the commutator}
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\ii If $A$ is commutative, then $[A,A] = \{0\}$
and $A\ab = A$.
\ii If $A = \Mat_k(d)$, then $[A,A]$ consists exactly
\ii If $A = \Mat_d(k)$, then $[A,A]$ consists exactly
of the $d \times d$ matrices of trace zero.
(Proof: harmless exercise.)
Consequently, $A\ab$ is one-dimensional.
Expand Down
20 changes: 10 additions & 10 deletions tex/rep-theory/semisimple.tex
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ \section{Schur's lemma continued}
\end{tikzcd}
\end{center}
where the first arrow is inclusion to the $i$th component of $V^{\oplus m}$
(for $1 \le i \le m$) and the second arrow is inclusion to the $j$th
(for $1 \le i \le m$) and the second arrow is projection onto the $j$th
component of $V^{\oplus n}$ (for $1 \le j \le n$).
However, by Schur's lemma on each of these compositions,
we know they must be constant.

Thus, $\Homrep(V^{\oplus n}, V^{\oplus m})$ consist of $n \times m$ ``matrices''
Thus, $\Homrep(V^{\oplus n}, V^{\oplus m})$ consists of $m \times n$ ``matrices''
of constants, and the map is provided by
\[
\begin{bmatrix}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ \section{Schur's lemma continued}
\begin{proof}
Apply Schur's lemma to the inclusion $W \injto V$.
\end{proof}
Recall from \Cref{sec:vector_space_linear_maps} that a linear maps from a
$n$-dimensional vector space to a $m$-dimensional vector space can be written as
a $n \times m$ matrix. Here the situation is similar, however the matrices are
Recall from \Cref{sec:vector_space_linear_maps} that a linear map from an
$n$-dimensional vector space to an $m$-dimensional vector space can be written as
an $m \times n$ matrix. Here the situation is similar, however the matrices are
made for each irrep independently, and the non-isomorphic irreps, in some sense,
``doesn't talk to each other''.
``don't talk to each other''.

%We can compare this to \Cref{prop:rep_direct_sum}: When our $k$-algebra is a
%direct sum $A \oplus B$, then every representation $V$ can be broken down
Expand All @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ \section{Schur's lemma continued}
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
c_{11} & c_{21} & \cdots & c_{(m-1)1} & c_{m1} \\
c_{12} & c_{22} & \cdots & c_{(m-1)1} & c_{m2} \\
c_{12} & c_{22} & \cdots & c_{(m-1)2} & c_{m2} \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots \\
c_{1n} & c_{2n} & \cdots & c_{(m-1)n} & c_{mn}
\end{bmatrix}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ \section{Density theorem}

Because we're working through a counterexample, pick $e_1=(1, 0)$, $e_2=(2, 0)$ instead.
Then, for some $w_1, w_2 \in V$,
there may be no $a$ that sends $e_1$ to $w_1$ to $e_2$ to $w_2$.
there may be no $a$ that sends $e_1$ to $w_1$ and $e_2$ to $w_2$.

Consider the representation morphism $\Reg(A) \to V^{\oplus 2}$ by
$a \mapsto(a \cdot e_1, a \cdot e_2)$;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ \section{Semisimple algebras}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
(i) $\implies$ (ii) follows from
using \Cref{prop:rep_direct_sum} to breaks any finite-dimensional
using \Cref{prop:rep_direct_sum} to break any finite-dimensional
representation of $A$ into a direct sum of representations of
$\Mat_{d_i}(k)$, then \Cref{thm:rep_1mat} shows any such representations are
completely reducible.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ \section{Semisimple algebras}
equality holds exactly when $A$ is semisimple,
in which case
\[ \Reg(A) \cong \bigoplus_i \Mat(V_i)
\cong \bigoplus_I V_i^{\oplus \dim V_i}. \]
\cong \bigoplus_i V_i^{\oplus \dim V_i}. \]
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
The inequality was already mentioned in \Cref{cor:finiteness}.
Expand Down
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