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WorkTable

Absolutely not a database.

Embedded table storage for Rust. Declare a table with the worktable! macro and get a typed struct with a primary key, secondary indexes and generated queries. Data is held in memory as paged, zero-copy records; persistence to local disk or S3 is opt-in.

If you have used .NET's DataTable, this will feel familiar: a typed in-memory table with a primary key and indexes. The differences are that the type is generated for you from a macro, and that persisting it is one feature flag away.

Install

cargo add worktable

What you get

Extreme low latency Queries can return at nanosecond scale.
Embedded optimized Very low overhead, built for resource-sensitive environments.
Typed tables from a macro worktable! generates the table, row and primary-key types. No hand-written boilerplate per table.
Primary and secondary indexes Autoincrement or supplied primary keys; unique and non-unique secondary indexes, each adding a select_by_<column> method.
Generated queries select, insert, upsert, update, delete and a select_all query builder on every table, plus the custom update/delete queries you declare.
Paged in-memory storage Records live in DataPages with a free list for reuse. rkyv gives zero-copy access to archived rows.
Concurrency Lock-free concurrent indexes with change-data-capture, plus a row-level LockMap for ordered access.
Optional persistence PersistedWorkTable writes to local disk; the s3-support feature syncs that to S3. Both opt-in, so a purely in-memory table pays for neither.
Schema migration worktable_version! and migration_engine! version a table's schema and generate migrations between versions.
Memory accounting MemStat reports actual memory held.

Persistence

Persistence is implemented, not planned. PersistedWorkTable and PersistenceConfig are exported from the crate root; the prelude carries DiskPersistenceEngine, ReadOnlyPersistenceEngine, the space and table-of-contents types, and the operation-log types (InsertOperation, UpdateOperation, DeleteOperation, AcknowledgeOperation).

S3 support layers on top of the disk engine rather than replacing it. S3SyncDiskPersistenceEngine wraps a DiskPersistenceEngine and syncs it.

[dependencies]
worktable = { version = "0.9", features = ["s3-support"] }   # S3 sync, optional

Relationship to data_bucket

WorkTable is built on data_bucket, which provides the page and link primitives its data layout uses: PageId, Link, INNER_PAGE_SIZE and SizeMeasurable. That is a foundation rather than a swappable backend, and those types appear throughout the in-memory paging, the indexes, the memory accounting and the on-disk format alike.

WorkTable re-exports it (pub use data_bucket;) and pins an exact version. Take it through that re-export rather than depending on it separately. A second copy in your graph gives you two incompatible sets of the same types, and the resulting error names two different data_bucket paths while looking like something else entirely.

When to use something else

  • You need SQL or a query planner. This is a typed table with generated accessors, not a query engine.
  • You need multi-process access. Storage is embedded in your process.
  • You need ACID transactions spanning tables. Operations are per-table.
  • You want a proven general-purpose embedded store. There may be better options. Check your exact requirements first.

Reach for WorkTable when you want typed, indexed, macro-generated tables in-process, with persistence as an option rather than an assumption.

Usage

WorkTable can be used just in user's code with worktable! macro. It will generate table structs and other related structs that will be used for table logic.

worktable!(
    name: Test,
    columns: {
        id: u64 primary_key autoincrement,
        test: i64,
        another: u64 optional,
        exchange: String
    },
    indexes: {
        test_idx: test unique,
        exchnage_idx: exchange,
    }
    queries: {
        update: {
            AnotherByExchange(another) by exchange,
            AnotherByTest(another) by test,
            AnotherById(another) by id,
        },
        delete: {
            ByAnother() by another,
            ByExchange() by exchange,
            ByTest() by test,
        }
    }
);

Declaration parts

name declaration

name field is used to define table's name, and is a prefix for generated objects. For example declaration above will generate struct TestWorkTable, so table struct will always have name as <name>WorkTable.

let table = TestWorkTable::default ();
let name = table.name();
assert_eq!(name, "Test");

columns declaration

columns field is used to define table's row schema. Default usage is <column_name>: <type>. But also there are some flags that can be applied to columns as <column_name>: <type> <flags>*.

Flags list:

  • primary_key flag and related to it.
  • optional flag.

primary_key flag declaration

If user want to mark column as primary key primary_key flag is used. This flag can be used on multiple columns at a time. Primary key generation is also supported. For some basic types autoincrement is supported. Also custom generation is available. In this case user must provide his own implementation.

#[derive(
    Archive,
    Debug,
    Default,
    Deserialize,
    Clone,
    Eq,
    From,
    PartialOrd,
    PartialEq,
    Ord,
    Serialize,
    SizeMeasure,
)]
#[rkyv(compare(PartialEq), derive(Debug))]
struct CustomId(u64);

#[derive(Debug, Default)]
pub struct Generator(AtomicU64);

impl PrimaryKeyGenerator<TestPrimaryKey> for Generator {
    fn next(&self) -> TestPrimaryKey {
        let res = self.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        if res >= 10 {
            self.0.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
        }
        CustomId::from(res).into()
    }
}

impl TablePrimaryKey for TestPrimaryKey {
    type Generator = Generator;
}

worktable!(
  name: Test,
  columns: {
    id: CustomId primary_key custom,
    test: u64
  }
);

For primary key newtype is generated for declared type:

// Generated code
#[derive(
    Clone,
    rkyv::Archive,
    Debug,
    rkyv::Deserialize,
    rkyv::Serialize,
    From,
    Eq,
    Into,
    PartialEq,
    PartialOrd,
    Ord
)]
pub struct TestPrimaryKey(u64);

optional flag declaration

If column field is Option<T>, optional flag can be used like it was done in declaration.

another: u64 optional,

Row type generation

For described column row type struct is generated:

// Generated code
#[derive(
    rkyv::Archive,
    Debug,
    rkyv::Deserialize,
    Clone,
    rkyv::Serialize,
    PartialEq
)]
#[rkyv(derive(Debug))]
#[repr(C)]
pub struct TestRow {
    pub id: u64,
    pub test: i64,
    pub another: Option<u64>,
    pub exchange: String,
}

This struct is used in WorkTable interface and will be used by users.

indexes declaration

indexes field is used to define table's index schema. Default usage is <index_name>: <column_name> <unique>?.

Index allows faster access to data by some field. Adding indexes field adds methods to the generated WorkTable. This method for now is select_by_<indexed_column_name>. It will be described below.

Default implemented queries

There are some default query implementations that are available for all WorkTable's:

  • select(&self, pk: <Name>PrimaryKey) -> Option<<Name>Row>;
  • insert(&self, row: <Name>Row) -> Result<<Name>PrimaryKey, WorkTableError>;
  • upsert(&self, row: <Name>Row) -> Result<(), WorkTableError>;
  • update(&self, row: <Name>Row) -> Result<(), WorkTableError>;
  • delete(&self, pk: <Name>PrimaryKey) -> Result<(), WorkTableError>;
  • select_all<'a>(&'a self) -> SelectQueryBuilder<'a, <Name>Row, Self>;

queries declaration

indexes field is used to define table's queries schema. Queries are used to update/select/delete data.

queries: {
    update: {
        AnotherByExchange(another) by exchange,
        AnotherByTest(another) by test,
        AnotherById(another) by id,
    },
    delete: {
        ByAnother() by another,
        ByExchange() by exchange,
        ByTest() by test,
    }
}

Default query declaration is <QueryName>(<column_name>*) by <column_name>. It is same for update/select/delete.

For each query <QueryName>Query and <QueryName>By structs are generated. They will be used by user to call the query.

update query declaration

update queries are used to update row's data partially. Default generated update allows only full update of the row. But if user's logic needs some simultaneous update of row parts from different code parts. update logic supports smart lock logic that allows simultaneous update of not overlapping row fields.

select_all query declaration

select_all queries are used to select row's data. select_all query returns Result accepts next params

.where_by(std::ops::Range, "column"), Returns exact range of a column, works only with Number types, 
                                      e.g. .where_by(0..10u64, "test") exclusive or for inclusive .where_by(0..=10u64, "test"), default i32; Supports multiple chain 
.order_by(Order::Desc||Order::Asc, "column"), Returns rows sorted by column,  e.g .order_by(Order::Desc, "test"); Supports multiple chain
.offset(usize), Skips first N records, e.g .offset(5) - 
.limit(usize), Takes first N records, e.g .limit(5) 


The all params could be chained, for example - my_table.select_all()
                                                             .where_by(10..=30i32, "test")
                                                             .where_by(0..=35u64, "test2")
                                                             .order_by(Order::Desc, "test")
                                                             .order_by(Order::Asc, "test2")
                                                             .limit(10)
                                                             .offset(5)
                                                             .execute()

select_by_index_filed the same as select_all, just iterates by non unique index, for unique index returns Option<TestRow>

WorkTable internals structure

worktable
    pub struct WorkTable   -- The main container that holds all data and manages its structure.

Fields

    data: DataPages<Row, DATA_LENGTH>       // stores data as pages (DataPages)
    pk_map: IndexType                       // primary index ensuring the uniqueness of records
    indexes: SecondaryIndexes               // secondary indexes for efficient searches across other columns
    pk_gen: PkGen                           // Primary Key Generator 
    lock_map: LockMap                       // from indexset crate, supports data ordering with LockMap
    table_name: &'static str                // table name (e.g., Test, which generates TestWorkTable and TestRow
    pk_phantom: PhantomData<PrimaryKey>     // a helper field for type management

Implementations 

   pub fn default() -- creates default WorkTable
worktable::in_memory
    pub struct DataPages  -- A container for managing data pages

Fields (/*private*/)

    pages: RwLock<Vec<Arc<Data<...>>>>,  // an array of pages (Data) that hold the records
    empty_links: Stack<Link>,            // a stack for storing links to deleted records
    row_count: AtomicU64,                // a counter for the current number of records
    last_page_id: AtomicU32,             // identifier for last page 
    current_page_id: AtomicU32,          // identifier for current page

Implementations

   pub fn new() -> Self
   pub fn from_data(vec: Vec<Arc<Data<<Row as StorableRow>::WrappedRow, DATA_LENGTH>>>,) -> Self
   pub fn insert(&self, row: Row) -> Result<Link, ExecutionError>   
   pub fn select(&self, link: Link) -> Result<Row, ExecutionError>
   pub fn with_ref<Op, Res>(&self, link: Link, op: Op,) -> Result<Res, ExecutionError>
   pub unsafe fn with_mut_ref<Op, Res>(&self, link: Link, op: Op,) -> Result<Res, ExecutionError>
   pub unsafe fn update<const N: usize>(&self, row: Row, link: Link,) -> Result<Link, ExecutionError>
   pub fn delete(&self, link: Link) -> Result<(), ExecutionError>
   pub fn get_bytes(&self) -> Vec<([u8; DATA_LENGTH], u32)>
   pub fn get_page_count(&self) -> usize
   pub fn get_empty_links(&self) -> Vec<Link>
   pub fn with_empty_links(self, links: Vec<Link>) -> Self
in-memory::data
    pub struct Data  -- Data itself 

Fields
    pub free_offset: AtomicU32,                        // the offset to the first free byte 
    (/* private */)   
    id: PageId,                                        // the identifier of the page
    inner_data: UnsafeCell<AlignedBytes<DATA_LENGTH>>, // a byte array where rows are stored 
    _phantom: PhantomData<Row>,                        // a helper field for type management

Implementations 

   pub fn new(id: PageId) -> Self 
   pub fn from_data_page(page: GeneralPage<DataPage<DATA_LENGTH>>) -> Self 
   pub fn set_page_id(&mut self, id: PageId) 
   pub fn save_row(&self, row: &Row) -> Result<Link, ExecutionError
   pub unsafe fn save_row_by_link(&self, row: &Row, link: Link) -> Result<Link, ExecutionError
   pub unsafe fn get_mut_row_ref
   pub fn get_row_ref(&self, link: Link) -> Result<&<Row as Archive>::Archived, ExecutionError
   pub fn get_row(&self, link: Link) -> Result<Row, ExecutionError
   pub fn get_bytes(&self) -> [u8; DATA_LENGTH] 

enum WorkTableError
    NotFound,
    AlreadyExists,
    SerializeError,
    PagesError(in_memory::PagesExecutionError),

Examples

Check out - Examples

About

Extreme low latency, embedded-friendly table storage for Rust with an ORM-like interface: macros that smell like SQL, typed rows, real indexes, generated queries, and near-Vec performance.

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