[CI] Introduce build type matrix workflows

[aobolensk]

• consolidate build and debug jobs using a build_type matrix
• set CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE from the matrix variable
• name uploaded artifacts based on the build type
• fix macOS artifact naming

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 91.73%. Comparing base (59ae80a) to head (79b201b).
Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #478   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   91.73%   91.73%           
=======================================
  Files          11       11           
  Lines         363      363           
  Branches      131      131           
=======================================
  Hits          333      333           
  Misses         10       10           
  Partials       20       20           

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