docs: Add conventional commit types to contributing guide

[vdusek]

Summary

• Added a new "Commits" section to CONTRIBUTING.md with a table of available conventional commit types.
• Placed before the "Release process" section to provide context for how version bumps are determined.

Test plan

• Verify the markdown table renders correctly on GitHub.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 92.43%. Comparing base (8f874fc) to head (5ab4104).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1726      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.45%   92.43%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         156      156              
  Lines       10464    10464              
==========================================
- Hits         9675     9672       -3     
- Misses        789      792       +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	92.43% <ø> (-0.03%)	⬇️

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