feat!: modernize the X-Sub research archive

[ddtdanilo]

Summary

• rebuild the repository documentation in English from the archived firmware and 2016 thesis
• add architecture, hardware, protocol, safety, archival-status, contribution, support, citation, agent, and third-party guidance
• add a maintained dependency-free Python 3.11+ decoder/encoder for the documented 27-byte telemetry and 10-byte command formats
• add 15 protocol tests, repository-integrity checks, artifact hashes, Ruff, CI, CodeQL, Dependabot, ownership, and issue/PR templates
• remove 3,179 generated or transient files (IDE workspace state, Altium edit histories/previews/logs, runtime logs, bytecode, and autosaves), all still recoverable from Git history

Validation

• 15 unit tests pass
• Ruff lint and format checks pass
• repository integrity and immutable action-pin checks pass
• primary artifact SHA-256 hashes pass
• Python sdist and wheel build successfully
• workflow, issue-form, Dependabot, and citation YAML parse successfully
• deletion audit: 3,179 expected generated files; 0 unexpected source files
• git diff --check passes

Safety and compatibility

• original firmware, PCB sources, fabrication outputs, LabVIEW, Simulink, and the complete thesis are preserved
• proprietary legacy projects were not rewritten or claimed compatible with current tools
• hardware and serial-protocol limitations are documented explicitly

This PR establishes v1.0.0 of the curated historical archive.

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