SmartClimate Station

An intelligent weather monitoring system with proximity-based display activation using ESP32 microcontroller.

🌟 Features

• Real-time environmental monitoring - Temperature and humidity sensing
• Proximity-based activation - Display automatically turns on/off based on user presence
• Color-coded TFT display - Visual representation of sensor data
• Energy efficient - Smart sleep mode when no one is around
• Modular architecture - Easy to extend with additional sensors

📋 Hardware Requirements

Components

• ESP32-WROOM-32 - Main microcontroller
• DHT11 - Temperature and humidity sensor
• HC-SR04 - Ultrasonic distance sensor
• 2.4" TFT ILI9341/ST7789 - Color display (240x320)
• Breadboard - For prototyping connections
• Jumper wires - For connections

Pin Configuration

DHT11:
├── VCC → 3.3V
├── GND → GND
└── DATA → GPIO4

TFT Display:
├── VCC → 3.3V
├── GND → GND
├── CS → GPIO5
├── RST → GPIO22
├── DC → GPIO21
├── MOSI → GPIO23
├── SCK → GPIO18
├── MISO → GPIO19
└── LED → 3.3V (backlight)

HC-SR04:
├── VCC → 3.3V/5V
├── GND → GND
├── Trig → GPIO15
└── Echo → GPIO2

🛠️ Software Setup

Prerequisites

• PlatformIO IDE
• Visual Studio Code (recommended)

Installation

1. Clone the repository

git clone https://github.com/Maksikos-ctrl/smartclimate-station.git
cd smartclimate-station

2. Open in PlatformIO

code .

3. Install dependencies Dependencies are automatically installed via platformio.ini:

• DHT sensor library
• Adafruit Unified Sensor
• TFT_eSPI

4. Configure display driver Update User_Setup.h in TFT_eSPI library with your display type:

#define ST7789_DRIVER  // or ILI9341_DRIVER depending on your display
#define TFT_WIDTH  240
#define TFT_HEIGHT 320

5. Build and upload

platformio run --target upload

📁 Project Structure

├── include/
│   ├── displayTFT.h          # TFT display management
│   ├── sensorDHT.h           # DHT11 sensor interface
│   └── ultrasonicSensor.h    # HC-SR04 proximity sensor
├── src/
│   ├── main.cpp              # Main application logic
│   ├── displayTFT.cpp        # Display implementation
│   ├── sensorDHT.cpp         # DHT11 implementation
│   └── ultrasonicSensor.cpp  # Ultrasonic sensor implementation
├── platformio.ini            # Project configuration
└── README.md

🔧 System Architecture

Hardware Layer

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                  ESP32-WROOM-32                     │
│  ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │
│  │   FreeRTOS  │ │ Arduino     │ │ System Tasks    │ │  
│  │   Kernel    │ │ Framework   │ │ WiFi/Bluetooth  │ │
│  └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                Communication Protocols              │
│    SPI    │    1-Wire    │    GPIO    │    I2C      │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Sensors Layer                    │
│  TFT Display │   DHT11    │  HC-SR04  │   Future    │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Communication Protocols Used

SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)

• Used by: TFT Display (and potentially RFID modules)
• Pins: SCK (GPIO18), MOSI (GPIO23), MISO (GPIO19), CS (GPIO5)
• Type: Synchronous, full-duplex, master-slave architecture
• Speed: 27MHz
• Benefits: High-speed data transfer, multiple devices on same bus

1-Wire Protocol

• Used by: DHT11 Temperature/Humidity Sensor
• Pins: Single data line (GPIO4) with built-in pull-up
• Type: Asynchronous, half-duplex, single-wire digital protocol
• Features: Power and data on same line, timing-critical communication
• Implementation: Custom DHT11 library handling timing sequences

GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output)

• Used by: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• Pins: TRIG (GPIO15 - OUTPUT), ECHO (GPIO2 - INPUT)
• Type: Digital pulse-based measurement
• Method: Pulse width modulation for distance calculation

Real-Time Operating System

The project runs on FreeRTOS (Free Real-Time Operating System) which is integrated into the ESP32 Arduino framework:

FreeRTOS Features Used:

• Task Scheduling: Automatic time-slicing between operations
• Memory Management: Dynamic heap allocation for sensor data
• Timer Services: Built-in delay and timing functions
• Interrupt Handling: Hardware timer interrupts for sensor readings
• Watchdog Timer: System stability monitoring

RTOS Benefits in This Project:

• Concurrent Operations: Simultaneous sensor reading, display updates, and proximity detection
• Real-time Response: Guaranteed response times for critical operations
• Memory Safety: Protected memory allocation for sensor buffers
• System Stability: Automatic recovery from sensor failures

Task Distribution:

// Implicit FreeRTOS tasks in Arduino framework:
loop()           // Main application task (1ms tick)
WiFi handling    // Background network task  
SPI operations   // Hardware abstraction task
Timer callbacks  // Sensor reading interrupts

You can access FreeRTOS directly if needed:

#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"

// Check FreeRTOS version and memory
Serial.println(tskKERNEL_VERSION_NUMBER);
Serial.println(ESP.getFreeHeap());

🔧 System Behavior

Proximity Detection

• Activation delay: 1 second
• Deactivation delay: 5 seconds
• Measurement interval: 200ms

Display States

Sleep Mode (No presence detected)

• Black screen with "Подойдите ближе..." message
• Minimal power consumption
• Continuous proximity monitoring

Active Mode (Presence detected)

• Header: "Weather Station"
• Humidity: Green text with % symbol
• Temperature: Yellow text with °C symbol
• Distance: White text with cm measurement
• Update interval: 2 seconds

Data Output

Real-time sensor data is output to Serial Monitor:

Temperature: 28.5°C, Humidity: 45.2%
Distance: 67 cm, Person present: YES

📸 Project Gallery

Complete Weather Station

Complete SmartClimate Station with proximity detection and real-time environmental monitoring

🎨 Display Layout

Visual States

Sleep Mode

┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│                                 │
│                                 │
│         Подойдите ближе...      │
│                                 │
│                                 │
│  WiFi: Connected                │
│  192.168.1.123                  │
└─────────────────────────────────┘

Active Mode

┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│         Weather Station         │
│                          Online │
│                                 │
│  Humidity:              45.2 %  │
│                                 │
│  Temperature:           28.5 C  │
│                                 │
│  Distance:                67 cm │
│                                 │
└─────────────────────────────────┘

🔄 Workflow Demonstration

1. System Boot: Display shows sleep screen
2. User Approaches: HC-SR04 detects proximity < 100cm
3. Display Activation: Screen switches to weather data view
4. Data Updates: Real-time sensor readings every 2 seconds
5. User Leaves: After 5 seconds, returns to sleep mode
6. Energy Saving: Minimal power consumption in sleep state

⚙️ Configuration

Sensor Thresholds

Modify values in ultrasonicSensor.cpp:

static const float PRESENCE_THRESHOLD = 100.0; // Detection range in cm
static const unsigned long PRESENCE_DELAY = 1000;  // Activation delay
static const unsigned long ABSENCE_DELAY = 5000;   // Deactivation delay

Display Settings

Adjust positioning in displayTFT.h:

static const int HUM_LABEL_X = 20;
static const int HUM_LABEL_Y = 80;
// ... other coordinates

🔍 Troubleshooting

Display Issues

• Verify TFT driver type in User_Setup.h
• Check SPI pin connections
• Ensure backlight (LED) pin is connected to power

Sensor Issues

• DHT11 requires pull-up resistor (built-in INPUT_PULLUP used)
• HC-SR04 needs stable power supply
• Check serial output for sensor readings

Common Problems

• White/blank display: Wrong driver or missing backlight
• No sensor readings: Check pin connections and power
• Erratic proximity detection: Adjust PRESENCE_THRESHOLD

🚀 Future Enhancements

Planned Features

• ✅ WiFi connectivity for remote monitoring and data logging
• RFID access control for personalized user profiles
• Additional sensors (pressure, light, air quality)
• Web dashboard with historical data visualization
• Mobile app integration for remote access
• AI-powered object classification (distinguish between hand, person, objects)
• ✅ Firebase integration for data persistence
• C++ desktop application for advanced analytics

Potential Applications

• Smart Building: Office climate monitoring and occupancy detection
• Agriculture: Greenhouse environmental control
• Healthcare: Patient room monitoring
• Smart Home: Automated climate control based on presence
• Research: Environmental data collection for studies

📊 Technical Specifications

• Microcontroller: ESP32-WROOM-32 (Dual-core Xtensa LX6, 240MHz)
• Operating System: FreeRTOS v10.x
• Operating Voltage: 3.3V
• Power Consumption: ~150mA (active), ~50mA (sleep)
• Temperature Range: 0-50°C (DHT11 limitation)
• Humidity Range: 20-90% RH (±5% accuracy)
• Distance Range: 2-400cm (±3mm accuracy)
• Display Resolution: 240x320 pixels, 16-bit color
• Communication Protocols: SPI, 1-Wire, GPIO
• Update Rate: 2 seconds (display), 200ms (proximity)
• Memory: 520KB SRAM, 4MB Flash

🤝 Contributing

1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch (git checkout -b feature/amazing-feature)
3. Commit your changes (git commit -m 'Add amazing feature')
4. Push to the branch (git push origin feature/amazing-feature)
5. Open a Pull Request

📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

🙏 Acknowledgments

• PlatformIO for the development environment
• TFT_eSPI library for display management
• DHT sensor library by Adafruit

📧 Contact

Your Name - maksikos973@gmail.com

Project Link: https://github.com/Maksikos-ctrl/smartclimate-station