diff --git a/packages/kit/src/runtime/state/edit.ts b/packages/kit/src/runtime/state/edit.ts
index 0fbbf7a05..c68811936 100644
--- a/packages/kit/src/runtime/state/edit.ts
+++ b/packages/kit/src/runtime/state/edit.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ export function setStateValue(
   if (newKey && newKey !== field) {
     const raw = toRaw(unwrapped)
     if (Array.isArray(raw) || raw instanceof Set) return false
-    if (raw instanceof Map ? raw.has(newKey) : hasOwn(unwrapped as object, newKey)) return false
+    if (raw instanceof Map ? hasMapPreviewKey(raw, newKey) : hasOwn(unwrapped as object, newKey))
+      return false
   }
   const written = writeEditableValue(unwrapped, field, value)
   if (!written || !newKey || newKey === field) return written
@@ -89,6 +90,13 @@ export function addStateValue(target: object, path: string[], value: unknown): b
   return addEditableValue(unwrapEditableValue(object), value)
 }
 
+function hasMapPreviewKey(target: Map<unknown, unknown>, field: string): boolean {
+  for (const key of target.keys()) {
+    if (formatPreviewKey(key) === field) return true
+  }
+  return false
+}
+
 function resolveMapKey(
   target: Map<unknown, unknown>,
   field: string,
@@ -201,7 +209,7 @@ function renameEditableValue(target: unknown, previousField: string, nextField:
   const rawTarget = toRaw(target)
   if (rawTarget instanceof Map) {
     const key = resolveMapKey(rawTarget, previousField)
-    if (!key.found || rawTarget.has(nextField)) return false
+    if (!key.found || hasMapPreviewKey(rawTarget, nextField)) return false
     const collection = target as Map<unknown, unknown>
     const value = collection.get(key.key)
     collection.delete(key.key)
@@ -300,8 +308,9 @@ function getNextAvailableObjectKey(target: object): string {
 }
 
 function getNextAvailableMapKey(target: Map<unknown, unknown>): string {
+  const labels = new Set(Array.from(target.keys(), formatPreviewKey))
   for (let i = 1; ; i++) {
     const key = `newProp${i}`
-    if (!target.has(key)) return key
+    if (!labels.has(key)) return key
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/runtime/state-edit.test.ts b/tests/unit/runtime/state-edit.test.ts
index a4867528b..285caa8da 100644
--- a/tests/unit/runtime/state-edit.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/runtime/state-edit.test.ts
@@ -73,6 +73,68 @@ describe('collection state editing', () => {
     ])
   })
 
+  it.each([
+    { key: 1, label: '1' },
+    { key: true, label: 'true' },
+    { key: 1n, label: '1' },
+    { key: Symbol('key'), label: 'key' },
+    { key: { id: 1 }, label: 'Object' },
+    { key: null, label: 'null' },
+    { key: undefined, label: 'undefined' },
+  ])('rejects renaming to an existing key label $label before writing', ({ key, label }) => {
+    const map = new Map<unknown, unknown>([
+      [key, 'existing'],
+      ['source', 'original'],
+    ])
+
+    expect(setStateValue({ map }, ['map', 'source'], 'replacement', label)).toBe(false)
+    expect([...map]).toEqual([
+      [key, 'existing'],
+      ['source', 'original'],
+    ])
+  })
+
+  it('does not notify reactive effects when a rename would create a duplicate label', () => {
+    const map = reactive(
+      new Map<unknown, unknown>([
+        [1, 'existing'],
+        ['source', 'original'],
+      ]),
+    )
+    let updates = 0
+    effect(() => {
+      map.get('source')
+      updates++
+    })
+
+    expect(setStateValue({ map }, ['map', 'source'], 'replacement', '1')).toBe(false)
+    expect(updates).toBe(1)
+    expect(map.get('source')).toBe('original')
+  })
+
+  it('still renames a non-string Map key to an unused label', () => {
+    const map = new Map<unknown, unknown>([[1, 'original']])
+
+    expect(setStateValue({ map }, ['map', '1'], 'replacement', 'count')).toBe(true)
+    expect([...map]).toEqual([['count', 'replacement']])
+  })
+
+  it('skips existing preview labels when generating a new Map key', () => {
+    const key = Symbol('newProp1')
+    const map = new Map<unknown, unknown>([
+      [key, 'symbol'],
+      ['newProp2', 'string'],
+    ])
+
+    expect(addStateValue({ map }, ['map'], 'added')).toBe(true)
+    expect([...map]).toEqual([
+      [key, 'symbol'],
+      ['newProp2', 'string'],
+      ['newProp3', 'added'],
+    ])
+    expect(resolvePath({ map }, ['map', 'newProp1'])).toEqual({ found: true, value: 'symbol' })
+  })
+
   it.each(['native', 'legacy'])('notifies effects through %s collection edits', (mode) => {
     const map = reactive(new Map([['x', 1]]))
     const set = reactive(new Set([1]))