Make static asserts depend on type local to lambda

See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59647445/if-constexpr-with-static-assert-in-lambda-which-compiler-is-correct

Author: WardBrian

stan/math/mix/functor/laplace_marginal_density.hpp

@@ -312,7 +312,8 @@ inline void set_zero_adjoint(Output&& output) {
           } else if constexpr (is_stan_scalar_v<output_i_t>) {
             output_i.adj() = 0;
           } else {
-            throw std::domain_error(
+            static_assert(
+                sizeof(std::decay_t<output_i_t>*) == 0,
                 "INTERNAL ERROR:(laplace_marginal_lpdf) set_zero_adjoints was "
                 "not able to deduce the actions needed for the given type.");
           }
@@ -356,7 +357,8 @@ inline void collect_adjoints(Output& output, Input&& input) {
             input_i.adj() = 0;
           }
         } else {
-          throw std::domain_error(
+          static_assert(
+              sizeof(std::decay_t<output_i_t>*) == 0,
               "INTERNAL ERROR:(laplace_marginal_lpdf) set_zero_adjoints was "
               "not able to deduce the actions needed for the given type.");
         }
@@ -809,7 +811,8 @@ inline void collect_adjoints(Output&& output, Input&& input) {
         } else if constexpr (is_stan_scalar_v<output_i_t>) {
           output_i += input_i;
         } else {
-          throw std::domain_error(
+          static_assert(
+              sizeof(std::decay_t<output_i_t>*) == 0,
               "INTERNAL ERROR:(laplace_marginal_lpdf) set_zero_adjoints was "
               "not able to deduce the actions needed for the given type.");
         }
@@ -858,7 +861,8 @@ inline void copy_compute_s2(Output&& output, Input&& input) {
             input_i.adj() = 0;
           }
         } else {
-          throw std::domain_error(
+          static_assert(
+              sizeof(std::decay_t<output_i_t>*) == 0,
               "INTERNAL ERROR:(laplace_marginal_lpdf) set_zero_adjoints was "
               "not able to deduce the actions needed for the given type.");
         }
@@ -916,12 +920,12 @@ inline constexpr auto make_zeroed_arena(Input&& input) {
 template <typename Output, typename Input>
 inline void collect_adjoints(Output&& output, const vari* ret, Input&& input) {
   if constexpr (is_tuple_v<Output>) {
-    throw std::domain_error(
-        "INTERNAL ERROR:(laplace_marginal_lpdf)"
-        "Accumulate Adjoints called on a tuple, but tuples cannot be "
-        "on the reverse mode stack!"
-        "This is an internal error, please report it to the stan "
-        "github as an issue.");
+    static_assert(sizeof(std::decay_t<Output>*) == 0,
+                  "INTERNAL ERROR:(laplace_marginal_lpdf)"
+                  "Accumulate Adjoints called on a tuple, but tuples cannot be "
+                  "on the reverse mode stack!"
+                  "This is an internal error, please report it to the stan "
+                  "github as an issue.");
   } else if constexpr (is_std_vector_v<Output>) {
     if constexpr (!is_var_v<value_type_t<Output>>) {
       const auto output_size = output.size();