sqlite: fix doc-kit crash and fill in DEP0210 pr-url

lib/sqlite.js used object-spread (`...sqlite`) to re-export the
internal binding, which crashed tools/doc's api-links generator: it
walks module.exports's ObjectExpression properties expecting a
`value` on each one, and a SpreadElement has no such property
(TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'type')).
This broke the "Build from tarball" CI job.

Destructure the binding's exports into bare identifiers instead,
matching the pattern already used in lib/crypto.js for its deprecated
Hash/Hmac exports.

Also fill in the DEP0210 changes entry's pr-url, now that the pull
request exists.

Assisted-by: claude-code:claude-sonnet-5
Signed-off-by: Guilherme Araújo <arauujogui@gmail.com>

Author: araujogui

doc/api/deprecations.md

@@ -4806,6 +4806,7 @@ async function example() {
 <!-- YAML
 changes:
   - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/65988
     description: Runtime deprecation.
 -->
 

lib/sqlite.js

@@ -2,12 +2,22 @@
 
 const { deprecate } = require('internal/util');
 
-const sqlite = internalBinding('sqlite');
+const {
+  Database,
+  StatementSync,
+  Session,
+  constants,
+  backup,
+} = internalBinding('sqlite');
 
 module.exports = {
-  ...sqlite,
+  Database,
   DatabaseSync: deprecate(
-    sqlite.Database,
+    Database,
     'sqlite.DatabaseSync is deprecated, use sqlite.Database instead.',
     'DEP0210'),
+  StatementSync,
+  Session,
+  constants,
+  backup,
 };