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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2017/11/29/windows-10上安装spark-2-2/" itemprop="url">windows 10上安装spark 2.2</a></h1>
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<p>spark不仅可以运行在安装了Hadoop的集群上，同样可以安装在我们的笔记本电脑上。那要怎样安装到最新的Windows 10上呢？</p>
<p>目前最新版的spark是2.2版本，使用的Scala 2.11编译。</p>
<ol>
<li>安装java8 JDK，设置好环境变量，确保<code>java -version</code>和<code>Javac -version</code>都好用</li>
<li>安装<a href="http://downloads.lightbend.com/scala/2.11.8/scala-2.11.8.msi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Scala 2.11</a>的版本，设置好环境变量，不要安装官网最新版的2.12。确保<code>scala -version</code>和<code>scalac -version</code>都好用</li>
<li>现在下载<a href="http://spark.apache.org/downloads.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">最新版spark</a>，我现在的版本是spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz。</li>
<li>解压到C盘中</li>
<li>设置SPARK_HOME环境变量，C:\spark-2.2.0-bin-hadoop2.7</li>
<li>添加<code>%SPARK_HOME%\bin</code>到Path</li>
<li>下载<a href="https://github.com/steveloughran/winutils" target="_blank" rel="noopener">winutils</a>的Hadoop 2.7版本</li>
<li>把hadoop-2.7.1文件夹复制到C盘</li>
<li>设置HADOOP_HOME环境变量，C:\hadoop-2.7.1</li>
<li>添加<code>%HADOOP_HOME%\bin</code>到Path</li>
<li>打开控制台，输入<code>spark-shell</code>检查安装是否成功。</li>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2017/11/21/Windows10上安装openai的universe/" itemprop="url">Windows10上安装OpenAI的universe</a></h1>
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<p>最近人工智能在各种游戏战胜人类。前有Deep Mind的Alphago战胜所有顶尖围棋选手。后有OpenAI的人工智能在1v1的data2游戏中完胜顶尖人类玩家。OpenAI开源了他的这一部分工作-<a href="https://github.com/openai/universe#installation" target="_blank" rel="noopener">universe</a>，希望更多的人学习人工智能，用这个系统训练玩各种不同的游戏。</p>
<p>但可惜的是目前universe官方还没有支持Windows，只支持Linux和Mac。但我们知道微软在Windows10的年度升级版里面增加了一个Linux子系统，我们是不是可以利用这个子系统来安装呢？</p>
<h2 id="安装Linux子系统"><a href="#安装Linux子系统" class="headerlink" title="安装Linux子系统"></a>安装Linux子系统</h2><p>我目前的系统版本为Windows 10 Home 1079 16299.64。安装子系统已经不许要切换到开发者权限。只需要直接到Microsoft store中安装Ubuntu，参考官方文档安装，<a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/install-win10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Windows 10 Installation Guide</a>。</p>
<ol>
<li>启动powershell，开启功能，<code>Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux</code></li>
<li>安装<a href="https://www.microsoft.com/store/p/ubuntu/9nblggh4msv6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ubuntu</a>，注意只能安装在C盘</li>
<li>打开Ubuntu的终端，完成。</li>
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<p>之后我又参考这篇文章，<a href="https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to Run Graphical Linux Desktop Applications from Windows 10’s Bash Shell</a>。使得Linux可以运行图形化界面的程序。</p>
<p>下面是简化步骤。</p>
<ol>
<li>安装X Server，<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Xming</a> </li>
<li>安装一个窗口程序，<code>sudo apt-get install vim-gtk</code></li>
<li>设置显示环境变量，<code>export DISPLAY=:0</code>。每次运行之前都需要执行。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="配置python"><a href="#配置python" class="headerlink" title="配置python"></a>配置python</h2><p>Linux子系统是Ubuntu 16.04。安装universe之前我们先配置好python。系统默认安装了python2.7，虽然universe支持2.7，我还是安装了anaconda，升级到了3.6。</p>
<ol>
<li>卸载python2.7，<code>sudo apt purge python2.7-minimal</code></li>
<li>安装anaconda，官网下载64位版本，执行Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh，按照提示安装</li>
<li>安装程序最后会在~/.bashrc中添加<code>export PATH="/home/michael/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"</code></li>
<li>更改pip的硬链接<code>ln /home/username/anaconda3/bin/pip /home/username/.local/bin/pip</code></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="安装universe"><a href="#安装universe" class="headerlink" title="安装universe"></a>安装universe</h2><p>Ubuntu 16.04使用以下命令安装。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install golang libjpeg-turbo8-dev make</span><br><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/openai/universe.git</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> universe</span><br><span class="line">pip install -e .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>大功告成</p>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2017/11/19/【Python自动驾驶GTA5】2-边缘检测/" itemprop="url">【Python自动驾驶GTA5】2-边缘检测</a></h1>
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<p>紧接上一步，现在我们对获得的图像进行一些处理，RGB转换为灰度图像并做边缘检测。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> PIL <span class="keyword">import</span> ImageGrab</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="keyword">as</span> np</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> cv2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> time</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> mss</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">process_img</span><span class="params">(image)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> original_image = image</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># convert to gray</span></span><br><span class="line"> processed_img = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># edge detection</span></span><br><span class="line"> processed_img = cv2.Canny(processed_img, threshold1 = <span class="number">200</span>, threshold2=<span class="number">300</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> processed_img</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">screen_record</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">with</span> mss.mss() <span class="keyword">as</span> sct:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Part of the screen to capture</span></span><br><span class="line"> monitor = {<span class="string">'top'</span>: <span class="number">40</span>, <span class="string">'left'</span>: <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="string">'width'</span>: <span class="number">800</span>, <span class="string">'height'</span>: <span class="number">640</span>}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="string">'Screen capturing'</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> last_time = time.time()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Get raw pixels from the screen, save it to a Numpy array</span></span><br><span class="line"> img = np.array(sct.grab(monitor))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Display the picture in grayscale and detect edge</span></span><br><span class="line"> cv2.imshow(<span class="string">'OpenCV/Numpy grayscale'</span>, process_img(img))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'fps: {0}'</span>.format(<span class="number">1</span> / (time.time()-last_time)))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Press "q" to quit</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> cv2.waitKey(<span class="number">25</span>) & <span class="number">0xFF</span> == ord(<span class="string">'q'</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> cv2.destroyAllWindows()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">screen_record()process_img</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>增加了一个process_img函数，保留原始图像再做转换。<a href="https://docs.opencv.org/2.4/doc/tutorials/imgproc/imgtrans/canny_detector/canny_detector.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Canny Edge Detector</a>是常用的边缘检测器。</p>
<h2 id="控制游戏"><a href="#控制游戏" class="headerlink" title="控制游戏"></a>控制游戏</h2><p>这里用到了pyautogui来控制鼠标和键盘。先安装<code>pip install pyautogui</code>.</p>
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<ul>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 镜子 (本篇第十六届银河奖)</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 山（网友票选人气最高中篇作品）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 诗云（本篇获第十五届银河奖读者提名奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGP1wQ1KaRE&t=326s" target="_blank" rel="noopener">流浪地球</a>（本篇第十二届银河奖 已投拍电影 刘慈欣本人改编剧本）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysHxcHVkpJY" target="_blank" rel="noopener">中国太阳</a>（本篇获第十四届银河奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJTjoRLxzV8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">带上她的眼睛</a>（本篇获第十一届银河奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 地球大炮（本篇获第十五届年银河奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 思想者（大刘少有的暖心文字）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GArCvvic9CU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">朝闻道</a>（本篇一于《科幻世界》发表，便引来读者巨大反响）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 乡村教师（刘慈欣唯一自评特别的作品，已投拍电影，并入选中学编写教材）</li>
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<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 混沌蝴蝶 (个人命运的诗化悲剧)</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJLC-1E1H0Y" target="_blank" rel="noopener">吞食者</a>（第十四届银河奖读者提名奖，本篇被誉为《三体》前传）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 全频带阻塞干扰（（俄罗斯特别版）获第十三届银河奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 地火（奇妙科幻与沉重现实相结合的神来之笔）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 梦之海（本篇获第十五届银河奖，超技术的极致描写）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 赡养上帝（“疯狂的外星人”《赡养人类》姊妹篇本篇获第一届柔石小说奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 赡养人类（“疯狂的外星人” 《赡养上帝》姊妹篇本篇获第十七届银河奖）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 微纪元（告别宏人时代，已确定又大刘本人担纲改编电影）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 天使时代（原名《波斯湾飞马》探讨基因技术可能带来的生存危机）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> 超新星纪元（独家奉献短篇版，获赵树理文学奖，已确定将搬上大银幕）</li>
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<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 信使 (时空跃迁的暖心之作——“人类是有未来的”)</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keIdlr7C6gU&t=74s" target="_blank" rel="noopener">坍缩</a>（“所有的生活都是合理的”） </li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 纤维（“宇宙一分为二，我看到的是另一种可能的纤维世界。”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 西洋（“这又是新大陆多梦的一夜。”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 微观尽头（“没有任何预兆，比眨眼的速度更快，宇宙再次被反转……”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 2018年（“不管好坏，我们将是第一批真正触摸永恒的人。”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTXYqcInMu8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">命运</a>（“我们就是这样误入了一个时间蛀洞。”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 光荣与梦想（“轰然一声，光荣与梦想熊熊燃烧起来。”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 鲸歌（“这是大海的灵魂在歌唱。”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pK9gqgA5duA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">太原诅咒</a>（“晨曦初露时，操作开始……”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UiKuNsyn4U" target="_blank" rel="noopener">圆圆的肥皂泡</a>（“天空成了梦的天空”）</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 白垩纪往事（独家奉献短篇版，“没有人知道，在这宁静的一刻，地球的历史已被扭向另外一个方向……”）</li>
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<p>其他</p>
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<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox" checked> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Zta5i_pPQc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">人生</a>：记忆遗传</li>
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<p>开始健身已经有将近1个月的时间了，肌肉线条确实能看到有明显变化，特别是胸肌和手臂的变化还是比较明显的。但上周的一天夜间突然降温，早上起来就感觉嗓子不舒服。之后几天嗓子开始疼，慢慢出现感冒症状。</p>
<h4 id="为什么每次感冒都是先嗓子疼然后才会流鼻涕打喷嚏呢？"><a href="#为什么每次感冒都是先嗓子疼然后才会流鼻涕打喷嚏呢？" class="headerlink" title="为什么每次感冒都是先嗓子疼然后才会流鼻涕打喷嚏呢？"></a>为什么每次感冒都是先嗓子疼然后才会流鼻涕打喷嚏呢？</h4><p>感冒前的嗓子痛是因为扁桃体（因为长得像扁扁的桃子😂）发炎所致。扁桃体是人体免疫系统的第一道防线，多个扁桃体环绕在咽部四周。感冒前的嗓子疼就是他们在消灭病毒和细菌的过程中引起的炎症反应。</p>
<h4 id="经常运动的人为什么感觉免疫力并没有提高？"><a href="#经常运动的人为什么感觉免疫力并没有提高？" class="headerlink" title="经常运动的人为什么感觉免疫力并没有提高？"></a>经常运动的人为什么感觉免疫力并没有提高？</h4><p>健身和运动对于免疫力的增强一定有帮助，但增加训练量可能在初期还会降低免疫力。这和肌肉的超量恢复相似，刚训练完肌肉纤维被部分破环，力量一定是下降的。长期规律的中小强度的运动，对人的免疫机能肯定是有积极作用，但首先还是要保护好自己，免疫系统再强也是可能感冒的。</p>
<h4 id="感冒了应不应该吃抗生素？"><a href="#感冒了应不应该吃抗生素？" class="headerlink" title="感冒了应不应该吃抗生素？"></a>感冒了应不应该吃抗生素？</h4><p>抗生素只对细菌具有杀伤作用，对病毒是无效的。所以如果是病毒性感冒，抗生素是无效的。为什么很多人说能不用抗生素就尽量不用？因为细菌都是有抗药性的，总会有少部分细菌存活下来。抗生素相当于对细菌做了一次人为的自然选择，那些存活下来的细菌在下次你感冒的时候就不怕抗生素了，就只能用另外一种或者更高级的抗生素。如果吃了抗生素，就要一次吃完一个疗程，一般至少3天。</p>
<p>因此：</p>
<ol>
<li>尽可能不使用抗生素，避免细菌产生抗药性。</li>
<li>尽可能不更换抗生素，避免细菌产生超级抗药性。</li>
<li>如果不得不用抗生素，宁可多吃，也决不能少吃。</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Reference</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/51251090" target="_blank" rel="noopener">健身和提高免疫力到底有怎样的关系？</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/19834799" target="_blank" rel="noopener">怎么样能提高免疫力？</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/28747601" target="_blank" rel="noopener">健身训练与增强体质和抵抗力相关性大吗？</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/28821476" target="_blank" rel="noopener">为什么感冒前总是先嗓子疼，两三天后才会有感冒的症状？每次都这样?</a></p>