[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds (#553) #3747

Job	Run time
pre-commit / pre-commit	1m 28s
mac / clang-build (Release)	1m 44s
windows / clang-build	1m 58s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 5s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	1m 55s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	1m 44s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1m 44s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	2m 19s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	1m 39s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 32s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	2m 18s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	2m 52s
windows / clang-test	2m 45s
mac / clang-test	5m 1s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	8m 28s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 37s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 13s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	8m 18s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 19s
windows / msvc-test	4m 44s
windows / clang-test-extended	2m 58s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 59s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 4s
windows / msvc-test-extended	2m 56s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 29s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 34s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 46s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 32s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 40s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	7m 13s
perf / macos-clang-build-perf-stats	1m 54s
perf / ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 38s
pages / build-doxygen-xml	25s
pages / build-scoreboard	15s
pages / build-sphinx	39s
pages / deploy-pages	14s
	1h 58m 59s

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