[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3742

Job	Run time
pre-commit / pre-commit	1m 56s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	57s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	1m 57s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	52s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	54s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	55s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	1m 46s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 23s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	1m 51s
windows / clang-build	2m 17s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 35s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	2m 36s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 34s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	8m 31s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	54s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 53s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 40s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	8m 18s
windows / clang-test	3m 1s
windows / msvc-test	5m 0s
mac / clang-test	5m 16s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 30s
windows / clang-test-extended	3m 19s
windows / msvc-test-extended	3m 4s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 12s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 36s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 40s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 33s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 39s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	5m 52s
perf / macos-clang-build-perf-stats	1m 49s
perf / ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	32s
pages	0s
	1h 50m 52s

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