[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3738

Job	Run time
pre-commit / pre-commit	4m 35s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	1m 55s
mac / clang-build (Release)	1m 53s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	49s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	56s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	36s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	36s
windows / clang-build	2m 3s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	35s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	2m 45s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	2m 0s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	36s
ubuntu / gcc-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 26s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	8m 18s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 3s
mac / clang-test	4m 54s
windows / clang-test	3m 3s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 51s
windows / msvc-test	4m 46s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 26s
windows / clang-test-extended	2m 58s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 2s
windows / msvc-test-extended	3m 19s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 33s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 34s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	-1s
perf	-1s
pages	-1s
	1h 13m 29s

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