[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3736

Job	Run time
pre-commit / pre-commit	1m 22s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	48s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	39s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1m 39s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	39s
mac / clang-build (Release)	1m 51s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	39s
windows / clang-build	1m 50s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	38s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	1m 50s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	2m 32s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	1m 58s
ubuntu / gcc-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	-1s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 53s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1m 37s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 38s
windows / clang-test	3m 0s
mac / clang-test	5m 15s
windows / msvc-test	4m 39s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 5s
windows / clang-test-extended	2m 50s
mac / clang-test-extended	2m 1s
windows / msvc-test-extended	2m 2s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 18s
perf	0s
pages	0s
	46m 42s

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