[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3734

Job	Run time
pre-commit / pre-commit	1m 52s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1m 26s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	1m 53s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	2m 52s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	2m 39s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 34s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	43s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	44s
mac / clang-build (Release)	1m 58s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	45s
windows / clang-build	2m 9s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	44s
ubuntu / gcc-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test	0s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build	0s
ubuntu / clang-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended	0s
mac / clang-test	5m 21s
windows / clang-test	3m 2s
windows / msvc-test	5m 33s
windows / clang-test-extended	3m 4s
mac / clang-test-extended	2m 47s
windows / msvc-test-extended	1m 44s
perf	0s
pages	0s
	40m 50s

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