[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3731

Job	Run time
pre-commit / pre-commit	1m 59s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	31s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	20s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	1m 47s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 4s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	26s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	31s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	31s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	1m 2s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	2m 36s
windows / clang-build	2m 7s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	2m 44s
ubuntu / clang-test	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build	0s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	0s
windows / clang-test	3m 3s
mac / clang-test	4m 58s
windows / msvc-test	4m 57s
windows / clang-test-extended	2m 58s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 3s
windows / msvc-test-extended	3m 6s
perf	-1s
pages	-1s
	38m 41s

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