[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3621

Job	Run time
shell-lint / shell-lint	14s
cpp-lint / clang-format	7s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	18s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	10s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 2s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	3m 10s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	1m 28s
windows / clang-build	2m 40s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	1s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 30s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	1m 28s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 2s
ubuntu / gcc-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / clang-test	0s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build	0s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	0s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended	0s
windows / clang-test	2m 56s
mac / clang-test	4m 58s
windows / clang-test-extended	3m 4s
windows / msvc-test	5m 41s
mac / clang-test-extended	2m 59s
windows / msvc-test-extended	3m 4s
pages	0s
perf	0s
	41m 53s

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