[CI] Dockerize Ubuntu builds #3607

Job	Run time
shell-lint / shell-lint	10s
cpp-lint / clang-format	8s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 18s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	1m 50s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	18s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	17s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	17s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	18s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	23s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	16s
windows / clang-build	2m 8s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	2m 37s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 26s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build	0s
ubuntu / clang-test	-1s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test	-1s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended	-1s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test	0s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	0s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	-1s
windows / clang-test	2m 56s
mac / clang-test	5m 8s
windows / clang-test-extended	3m 26s
windows / msvc-test	4m 53s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 9s
windows / msvc-test-extended	2m 51s
perf	0s
pages	0s
	38m 45s

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