Add env-based time limits (#525) #3436

Job	Run time
lint / clang-format	15s
lint / python-lint	6s
lint / shell-lint	12s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 33s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 15s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 16s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	2m 16s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 58s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	1m 53s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	2m 8s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	3m 13s
windows / clang-build	2m 47s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 54s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	2m 30s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 46s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 24s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	9m 16s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	10m 1s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 36s
mac / clang-test	4m 58s
windows / clang-test	2m 58s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 20s
windows / clang-test-extended	3m 30s
windows / msvc-test	4m 47s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 2s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 44s
windows / msvc-test-extended	2m 46s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 24s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 48s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 38s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 31s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	6m 38s
perf / ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 40s
pages / build-doxygen-xml	27s
pages / build-scoreboard	11s
pages / build-sphinx	37s
pages / deploy-pages	18s
	2h 7m 36s

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