Add env-based time limits #3433

Job	Run time
lint / python-lint	6s
lint / clang-format	13s
lint / shell-lint	9s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 11s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 12s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 33s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	2m 49s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 33s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 24s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	2m 19s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	1m 37s
windows / clang-build	2m 32s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	2m 43s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	1m 55s
mac / clang-test	5m 5s
windows / clang-test	2m 48s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	8m 48s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 24s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	8m 47s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 48s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	9m 7s
windows / clang-test-extended	3m 22s
windows / msvc-test	4m 54s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 12s
mac / clang-test-extended	3m 10s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 11s
windows / msvc-test-extended	2m 45s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 55s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 39s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	6m 24s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	5m 25s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	6m 27s
perf / ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 38s
pages / build-doxygen-xml	1m 9s
pages / build-scoreboard	10s
pages / build-sphinx	37s
pages / deploy-pages	0s
	2h 6m 1s

Provide feedback