Add env-based time limits #3429

Job	Run time
lint / clang-format	11s
lint / python-lint	8s
lint / shell-lint	12s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 8s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	1m 31s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	3m 36s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 3s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	2m 7s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 42s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	1m 25s
windows / clang-build	2m 13s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 35s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 17s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	2m 49s
mac / clang-test	3m 0s
windows / clang-test	2m 56s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 32s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 43s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 34s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 31s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1m 30s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	44s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended	1s
windows / clang-test-extended	1s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended	1s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended	1s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	1s
mac / clang-test-extended	1s
windows / msvc-test	1s
windows / msvc-test-extended	1s
pages	0s
perf	0s
	44m 35s

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