Add env-based time limits #3368

Job	Run time
lint / clang-format	12s
lint / python-lint	7s
lint / shell-lint	11s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 58s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	1m 40s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	3m 8s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 47s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	3m 6s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	3m 30s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	7m 25s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 10s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 27s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 12s
windows / clang-build	2m 46s
windows / clang-test	2m 18s
mac / clang-test	3m 7s
windows / msvc-test	3m 43s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 13s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	6m 35s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	5m 51s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	5m 3s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 52s
mac / clang-test-extended	2m 16s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 57s
windows / clang-test-extended	2m 10s
windows / msvc-test-extended	1m 58s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 1s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 54s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 54s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 49s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 48s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	7m 7s
perf / ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 34s
pages / build-scoreboard	13s
pages / build-doxygen-xml	26s
pages / build-sphinx	1m 15s
pages / deploy-pages	0s
	1h 49m 43s

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