Add env-based time limits #3365

Job	Run time
lint / clang-format	10s
lint / python-lint	6s
lint / shell-lint	16s
mac / clang-build (Release)	2m 46s
windows / msvc-build (Release)	3m 27s
windows / msvc-build (Debug)	5m 29s
mac / clang-build (Debug)	2m 18s
windows / clang-build	3m 3s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Release)	3m 12s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 7s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Debug)	2m 21s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04, Release)	2m 23s
ubuntu / clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 13s
ubuntu / gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm, Debug)	3m 28s
mac / clang-test	3m 26s
windows / msvc-test	3m 30s
windows / clang-test	2m 3s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 46s
ubuntu / gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	5m 1s
mac / clang-test-extended	2m 23s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	5m 21s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 21s
ubuntu / clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 45s
windows / msvc-test-extended	2m 10s
windows / clang-test-extended	2m 5s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 7s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 56s
ubuntu / gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 17s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 4s
ubuntu / clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 4s
ubuntu / clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 52s
ubuntu / gcc-build-codecov	4m 31s
perf / ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 35s
pages / build-doxygen-xml	1m 10s
pages / build-scoreboard	13s
pages / build-sphinx	32s
pages / deploy-pages	0s
	1h 41m 31s

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