Switch to C++23 (#432) #2657

Job	Run time
python-lint	8s
clang-format	13s
macos-clang-build	2m 23s
ubuntu-clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 18s
windows-msvc-build	4m 38s
ubuntu-gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	1m 58s
ubuntu-gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 23s
ubuntu-clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 0s
windows-clang-build	2m 49s
macos-clang-test	3m 36s
windows-msvc-test	2m 19s
macos-clang-test-extended	2m 37s
windows-msvc-test-extended	1m 32s
windows-clang-test	1m 27s
ubuntu-gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 21s
ubuntu-gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 29s
ubuntu-clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 42s
ubuntu-clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 18s
ubuntu-clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 16s
windows-clang-test-extended	1m 29s
ubuntu-clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 5s
ubuntu-gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 17s
ubuntu-gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 30s
ubuntu-clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 16s
ubuntu-clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 29s
ubuntu-clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 7s
ubuntu-gcc-build-codecov	6m 4s
ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 33s
	1h 20m 17s

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