Switch to C++23 #2649

Job	Run time
python-lint	6s
clang-format	12s
ubuntu-gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 36s
windows-clang-build	3m 18s
ubuntu-gcc-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 5s
ubuntu-clang-build (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	2m 59s
ubuntu-clang-build (ubuntu-24.04)	3m 28s
windows-msvc-build	3m 46s
macos-clang-build	2m 36s
windows-clang-test	1m 17s
ubuntu-clang-sanitizer-build (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 11s
ubuntu-clang-test (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 42s
ubuntu-clang-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	5m 23s
macos-clang-test	3m 0s
ubuntu-gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 21s
ubuntu-gcc-test (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	4m 49s
macos-clang-test-extended	2m 39s
windows-msvc-test	2m 12s
windows-clang-test-extended	1m 17s
windows-msvc-test-extended	1m 26s
ubuntu-clang-sanitizer-test (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 5s
ubuntu-clang-sanitizer-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	1m 47s
ubuntu-clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 47s
ubuntu-clang-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 50s
ubuntu-gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04)	2m 30s
ubuntu-gcc-test-extended (ubuntu-24.04-arm)	3m 51s
ubuntu-gcc-build-codecov	4m 7s
ubuntu-gcc-build-perf-stats	1m 9s
	1h 16m 29s

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