format.c

/* $OpenBSD: format.c,v 1.425 2026/10/05 10:59:37 nicm Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "tmux.h"

/*
 * Build a list of key-value pairs and use them to expand #{key} entries in a
 * string.
 */

struct format_expand_state;

static char	*format_job_get(struct format_expand_state *, const char *);
static char	*format_quote_shell_single(const char *);
static char	*format_expand1(struct format_expand_state *, const char *);
static int	 format_replace(struct format_expand_state *, const char *,
		     size_t, char **, size_t *, size_t *);
static void	 format_defaults_session(struct format_tree *,
		     struct session *);
static void	 format_defaults_client(struct format_tree *, struct client *);
static void	 format_defaults_winlink(struct format_tree *,
		     struct winlink *);

/* Entry in format job tree. */
struct format_job {
	struct client		*client;
	u_int			 tag;
	const char		*cmd;
	const char		*expanded;

	time_t			 last;
	char			*out;
	int			 updated;

	struct job		*job;
	int			 status;

	RB_ENTRY(format_job)	 entry;
};

/* Format job tree. */
static int format_job_cmp(struct format_job *, struct format_job *);
static RB_HEAD(format_job_tree, format_job) format_jobs = RB_INITIALIZER();
RB_GENERATE_STATIC(format_job_tree, format_job, entry, format_job_cmp);

/* Format job tree comparison function. */
static int
format_job_cmp(struct format_job *fj1, struct format_job *fj2)
{
	if (fj1->tag < fj2->tag)
		return (-1);
	if (fj1->tag > fj2->tag)
		return (1);
	return (strcmp(fj1->cmd, fj2->cmd));
}

/* Maximum pad and trim width. */
#define FORMAT_MAX_WIDTH 10000

/* Maximum repeat count. */
#define FORMAT_MAX_REPEAT 10000

/* Maximum repeat result size in bytes. */
#define FORMAT_MAX_REPEAT_SIZE 65536

/* Maximum precision. */
#define FORMAT_MAX_PRECISION 100

/* Format modifiers. */
#define FORMAT_TIMESTRING 0x1
#define FORMAT_BASENAME 0x2
#define FORMAT_DIRNAME 0x4
#define FORMAT_QUOTE_SHELL 0x8
#define FORMAT_LITERAL 0x10
#define FORMAT_EXPAND 0x20
#define FORMAT_EXPANDTIME 0x40
#define FORMAT_SESSIONS 0x80
#define FORMAT_WINDOWS 0x100
#define FORMAT_PANES 0x200
#define FORMAT_PRETTY 0x400
#define FORMAT_LENGTH 0x800
#define FORMAT_WIDTH 0x1000
#define FORMAT_QUOTE_STYLE 0x2000
#define FORMAT_WINDOW_NAME 0x4000
#define FORMAT_SESSION_NAME 0x8000
#define FORMAT_CHARACTER 0x10000
#define FORMAT_COLOUR 0x20000
#define FORMAT_CLIENTS 0x40000
#define FORMAT_NOT 0x80000
#define FORMAT_NOT_NOT 0x100000
#define FORMAT_REPEAT 0x200000
#define FORMAT_QUOTE_ARGUMENTS 0x400000
#define FORMAT_RELATIVE 0x800000
#define FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP 0x1000000
#define FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT 0x2000000
#define FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON 0x4000000
#define FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_FG 0x8000000
#define FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_BG 0x10000000
#define FORMAT_QUOTE_SHELL_SQ 0x20000000
#define FORMAT_OPTIONS 0x40000000
#define FORMAT_ENVIRON 0x80000000ULL
#define FORMAT_DIFFERENCE 0x100000000ULL
#define FORMAT_CYCLE 0x200000000ULL

/* Limit on recursion. */
#define FORMAT_LOOP_LIMIT 100

/* Limit on time taken (milliseconds). */
#define FORMAT_TIME_LIMIT 100

/* How often to check the time in long loops. */
#define FORMAT_TIME_LOOP_CHECK 10000

/* Fixed animation period (ms): redraw interval and shortest frame step. */
#define FORMAT_CYCLE_PERIOD 100

/* Format expand flags. */
#define FORMAT_EXPAND_TIME 0x1
#define FORMAT_EXPAND_NOJOBS 0x2
#define FORMAT_EXPAND_NOCYCLE 0x4

/* Entry in format tree. */
struct format_entry {
	char			*key;
	char			*value;
	time_t			 time;
	format_cb		 cb;
	RB_ENTRY(format_entry)	 entry;
};

/* Format type. */
enum format_type {
	FORMAT_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
	FORMAT_TYPE_SESSION,
	FORMAT_TYPE_WINDOW,
	FORMAT_TYPE_PANE
};

static struct sort_criteria sort_crit;

struct format_tree {
	enum format_type	 type;

	struct client		*c;
	struct session		*s;
	struct winlink		*wl;
	struct window		*w;
	struct window_pane	*wp;
	struct paste_buffer	*pb;

	struct cmdq_item	*item;
	struct client		*client;
	int			 flags;
	u_int			 tag;

	struct mouse_event	 m;

	RB_HEAD(format_entry_tree, format_entry) tree;
};
static int format_entry_cmp(struct format_entry *, struct format_entry *);
RB_GENERATE_STATIC(format_entry_tree, format_entry, entry, format_entry_cmp);

/* Format expand state. */
struct format_expand_state {
	struct format_tree	*ft;
	u_int			 loop;
	uint64_t		 start_time;
	int			 flags;

	time_t			 time;
	struct tm		 tm;
};

/* Format modifier. */
struct format_modifier {
	char	  modifier[3];
	u_int	  size;

	char	**argv;
	int	  argc;
};

/* Format entry tree comparison function. */
static int
format_entry_cmp(struct format_entry *fe1, struct format_entry *fe2)
{
	return (strcmp(fe1->key, fe2->key));
}

/* Single-character uppercase aliases. */
static const char *format_upper[] = {
	NULL,		/* A */
	NULL,		/* B */
	NULL,		/* C */
	"pane_id",	/* D */
	NULL,		/* E */
	"window_flags",	/* F */
	NULL,		/* G */
	"host",		/* H */
	"window_index",	/* I */
	NULL,		/* J */
	NULL,		/* K */
	NULL,		/* L */
	NULL,		/* M */
	NULL,		/* N */
	NULL,		/* O */
	"pane_index",	/* P */
	NULL,		/* Q */
	NULL,		/* R */
	"session_name",	/* S */
	"pane_title",	/* T */
	NULL,		/* U */
	NULL,		/* V */
	"window_name",	/* W */
	NULL,		/* X */
	NULL,		/* Y */
	NULL		/* Z */
};

/* Single-character lowercase aliases. */
static const char *format_lower[] = {
	NULL,		/* a */
	NULL,		/* b */
	NULL,		/* c */
	NULL,		/* d */
	NULL,		/* e */
	NULL,		/* f */
	NULL,		/* g */
	"host_short",	/* h */
	NULL,		/* i */
	NULL,		/* j */
	NULL,		/* k */
	NULL,		/* l */
	NULL,		/* m */
	NULL,		/* n */
	NULL,		/* o */
	NULL,		/* p */
	NULL,		/* q */
	NULL,		/* r */
	NULL,		/* s */
	NULL,		/* t */
	NULL,		/* u */
	NULL,		/* v */
	NULL,		/* w */
	NULL,		/* x */
	NULL,		/* y */
	NULL		/* z */
};

/* Is logging enabled? */
static inline int
format_logging(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (log_get_level() != 0 || (ft->flags & FORMAT_VERBOSE));
}

/* Log a message if verbose. */
static void printflike(3, 4)
format_log1(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *from, const char *fmt,
    ...)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft = es->ft;
	va_list			 ap;
	char			*s;
	static const char	 spaces[] = "          ";

	if (!format_logging(ft))
		return;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	xvasprintf(&s, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	log_debug("%s: %s", from, s);
	if (ft->item != NULL && (ft->flags & FORMAT_VERBOSE))
		cmdq_print(ft->item, "#%.*s%s", es->loop, spaces, s);

	free(s);
}
#define format_log(es, fmt, ...) format_log1(es, __func__, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)

/* Copy expand state. */
static void
format_copy_state(struct format_expand_state *to,
    struct format_expand_state *from, int flags)
{
	to->ft = from->ft;
	to->loop = from->loop;
	to->time = from->time;
	memcpy(&to->tm, &from->tm, sizeof to->tm);
	to->flags = from->flags|flags;
	to->start_time = from->start_time;
}

/* Format job update callback. */
static void
format_job_update(struct job *job)
{
	struct format_job	*fj = job_get_data(job);
	struct evbuffer		*evb = job_get_event(job)->input;
	char			*line = NULL, *next;
	time_t			 t;

	while ((next = evbuffer_readline(evb)) != NULL) {
		free(line);
		line = next;
	}
	if (line == NULL)
		return;
	fj->updated = 1;

	free(fj->out);
	fj->out = line;

	log_debug("%s: %p %s: %s", __func__, fj, fj->cmd, fj->out);

	t = time(NULL);
	if (fj->status && fj->last != t) {
		if (fj->client != NULL)
			server_status_client(fj->client);
		fj->last = t;
	}
}

/* Format job complete callback. */
static void
format_job_complete(struct job *job)
{
	struct format_job	*fj = job_get_data(job);
	struct evbuffer		*evb = job_get_event(job)->input;
	char			*line, *buf;
	size_t			 len;

	fj->job = NULL;

	buf = NULL;
	if ((line = evbuffer_readline(evb)) == NULL) {
		len = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb);
		buf = xmalloc(len + 1);
		if (len != 0)
			memcpy(buf, EVBUFFER_DATA(evb), len);
		buf[len] = '\0';
	} else
		buf = line;

	log_debug("%s: %p %s: %s", __func__, fj, fj->cmd, buf);

	if (*buf != '\0' || !fj->updated) {
		free(fj->out);
		fj->out = buf;
	} else
		free(buf);

	if (fj->status) {
		if (fj->client != NULL)
			server_status_client(fj->client);
		fj->status = 0;
	}
}

/* Find a job. */
static char *
format_job_get(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *cmd)
{
	struct format_tree		*ft = es->ft;
	struct format_job_tree		*jobs;
	struct format_job		 fj0, *fj;
	time_t				 t;
	char				*expanded;
	int				 force;
	struct format_expand_state	 next;

	if (ft->client == NULL)
		jobs = &format_jobs;
	else if (ft->client->jobs != NULL)
		jobs = ft->client->jobs;
	else {
		jobs = ft->client->jobs = xmalloc(sizeof *ft->client->jobs);
		RB_INIT(jobs);
	}

	fj0.tag = ft->tag;
	fj0.cmd = cmd;
	if ((fj = RB_FIND(format_job_tree, jobs, &fj0)) == NULL) {
		fj = xcalloc(1, sizeof *fj);
		fj->client = ft->client;
		fj->tag = ft->tag;
		fj->cmd = xstrdup(cmd);

		RB_INSERT(format_job_tree, jobs, fj);
	}

	format_copy_state(&next, es, FORMAT_EXPAND_NOJOBS|
	    FORMAT_EXPAND_NOCYCLE);
	next.flags &= ~FORMAT_EXPAND_TIME;

	expanded = format_expand1(&next, cmd);
	if (fj->expanded == NULL || strcmp(expanded, fj->expanded) != 0) {
		free((void *)fj->expanded);
		fj->expanded = xstrdup(expanded);
		force = 1;
	} else
		force = (ft->flags & FORMAT_FORCE);

	t = time(NULL);
	if (force && fj->job != NULL)
	       job_free(fj->job);
	if (force || (fj->job == NULL && fj->last != t)) {
		fj->job = job_run(expanded, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL,
		    server_client_get_cwd(ft->client, NULL), format_job_update,
		    format_job_complete, NULL, fj, JOB_NOWAIT, -1, -1);
		if (fj->job == NULL) {
			free(fj->out);
			xasprintf(&fj->out, "<'%s' didn't start>", fj->cmd);
		}
		fj->last = t;
		fj->updated = 0;
	} else if (fj->job != NULL && (t - fj->last) > 1 && fj->out == NULL)
		xasprintf(&fj->out, "<'%s' not ready>", fj->cmd);
	free(expanded);

	if (ft->flags & FORMAT_STATUS)
		fj->status = 1;
	if (fj->out == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	return (format_expand1(&next, fj->out));
}

/* Remove old jobs. */
static void
format_job_tidy(struct format_job_tree *jobs, int force)
{
	struct format_job	*fj, *fj1;
	time_t			 now;

	now = time(NULL);
	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(fj, format_job_tree, jobs, fj1) {
		if (!force && (fj->last > now || now - fj->last < 3600))
			continue;
		RB_REMOVE(format_job_tree, jobs, fj);

		log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, fj->cmd);

		if (fj->job != NULL)
			job_free(fj->job);

		free((void *)fj->expanded);
		free((void *)fj->cmd);
		free(fj->out);

		free(fj);
	}
}

/* Work around needless -Wformat-nonliteral gcc warning. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"
#endif
static size_t
format_strftime(char *s, size_t max, const char *fmt, const struct tm *tm)
{
	return (strftime(s, max, fmt, tm));
}
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

/* Tidy old jobs for all clients. */
void
format_tidy_jobs(void)
{
	struct client	*c;

	format_job_tidy(&format_jobs, 0);
	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
		if (c->jobs != NULL)
			format_job_tidy(c->jobs, 0);
	}
}

/* Remove old jobs for client. */
void
format_lost_client(struct client *c)
{
	if (c->jobs != NULL)
		format_job_tidy(c->jobs, 1);
	free(c->jobs);
}

/* Wrapper for asprintf. */
static char * printflike(1, 2)
format_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list	 ap;
	char	*s;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	xvasprintf(&s, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	return (s);
}

/* Callback for host. */
static void *
format_cb_host(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char host[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];

	if (gethostname(host, sizeof host) != 0)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	return (xstrdup(host));
}

/* Callback for host_short. */
static void *
format_cb_host_short(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char host[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1], *cp;

	if (gethostname(host, sizeof host) != 0)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	if ((cp = strchr(host, '.')) != NULL)
		*cp = '\0';
	return (xstrdup(host));
}

/* Callback for pid. */
static void *
format_cb_pid(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char	*value;

	xasprintf(&value, "%ld", (long)getpid());
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for session_attached_list. */
static void *
format_cb_session_attached_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session	*s = ft->s;
	struct client	*loop;
	struct evbuffer	*buffer;
	int		 size;
	char		*value = NULL;

	if (s == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &clients, entry) {
		if (loop->session == s) {
			if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
				evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
			evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%s", loop->name);
		}
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for session_alert. */
static void *
format_cb_session_alert(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session	*s = ft->s;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	char		 alerts[1024];
	int		 alerted = 0;

	if (s == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	*alerts = '\0';
	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
		if ((wl->flags & WINLINK_ALERTFLAGS) == 0)
			continue;
		if (~alerted & wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY) {
			strlcat(alerts, "#", sizeof alerts);
			alerted |= WINLINK_ACTIVITY;
		}
		if (~alerted & wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL) {
			strlcat(alerts, "!", sizeof alerts);
			alerted |= WINLINK_BELL;
		}
		if (~alerted & wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE) {
			strlcat(alerts, "~", sizeof alerts);
			alerted |= WINLINK_SILENCE;
		}
	}
	return (xstrdup(alerts));
}

/* Callback for session_alerts. */
static void *
format_cb_session_alerts(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session	*s = ft->s;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	char		 alerts[1024], tmp[16];

	if (s == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	*alerts = '\0';
	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
		if ((wl->flags & WINLINK_ALERTFLAGS) == 0)
			continue;
		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%u", wl->idx);

		if (*alerts != '\0')
			strlcat(alerts, ",", sizeof alerts);
		strlcat(alerts, tmp, sizeof alerts);
		if (wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY)
			strlcat(alerts, "#", sizeof alerts);
		if (wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL)
			strlcat(alerts, "!", sizeof alerts);
		if (wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE)
			strlcat(alerts, "~", sizeof alerts);
	}
	return (xstrdup(alerts));
}

/* Callback for session_stack. */
static void *
format_cb_session_stack(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session	*s = ft->s;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	char		 result[1024], tmp[16];

	if (s == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	xsnprintf(result, sizeof result, "%u", s->curw->idx);
	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &s->lastw, sentry) {
		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "%u", wl->idx);

		if (*result != '\0')
			strlcat(result, ",", sizeof result);
		strlcat(result, tmp, sizeof result);
	}
	return (xstrdup(result));
}

/* Callback for window_stack_index. */
static void *
format_cb_window_stack_index(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session	*s;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	u_int		 idx;
	char		*value = NULL;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	s = ft->wl->session;

	idx = 0;
	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &s->lastw, sentry) {
		idx++;
		if (wl == ft->wl)
			break;
	}
	if (wl == NULL)
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	xasprintf(&value, "%u", idx);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for window_linked_sessions_list. */
static void *
format_cb_window_linked_sessions_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	struct evbuffer	*buffer;
	int		 size;
	char		*value = NULL;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = ft->wl->window;

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &w->winlinks, wentry) {
		if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
			evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
		evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%s", wl->session->name);
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for window_active_sessions. */
static void *
format_cb_window_active_sessions(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	u_int		 n = 0;
	char		*value;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = ft->wl->window;

	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &w->winlinks, wentry) {
		if (wl->session->curw == wl)
			n++;
	}

	xasprintf(&value, "%u", n);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for window_active_sessions_list. */
static void *
format_cb_window_active_sessions_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w;
	struct winlink	*wl;
	struct evbuffer	*buffer;
	int		 size;
	char		*value = NULL;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = ft->wl->window;

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &w->winlinks, wentry) {
		if (wl->session->curw == wl) {
			if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
				evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
			evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%s", wl->session->name);
		}
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for window_active_clients. */
static void *
format_cb_window_active_clients(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w;
	struct client	*loop;
	struct session	*client_session;
	u_int		 n = 0;
	char		*value;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = ft->wl->window;

	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &clients, entry) {
		client_session = loop->session;
		if (client_session == NULL)
			continue;

		if (w == client_session->curw->window)
			n++;
	}

	xasprintf(&value, "%u", n);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for window_active_clients_list. */
static void *
format_cb_window_active_clients_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w;
	struct client	*loop;
	struct session	*client_session;
	struct evbuffer	*buffer;
	int		 size;
	char		*value = NULL;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = ft->wl->window;

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &clients, entry) {
		client_session = loop->session;
		if (client_session == NULL)
			continue;

		if (w == client_session->curw->window) {
			if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
				evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
			evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%s", loop->name);
		}
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for window_layout. */
static void *
format_cb_window_layout(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct client		*c = ft->client;
	struct window		*w = ft->w;
	struct layout_cell	*lcroot;
	int			 flags = 0;

	if (w == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	if (w->saved_layout_root != NULL)
		lcroot = w->saved_layout_root;
	else
		lcroot = w->layout_root;

	if (c != NULL &&
	    (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) &&
	    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_NEWLAYOUTS))
		flags |= LAYOUT_CUSTOM_OLD_FORMAT;
	return (layout_dump(w, lcroot, flags));
}

/* Callback for window_visible_layout. */
static void *
format_cb_window_visible_layout(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct client	*c = ft->client;
	struct window	*w = ft->w;
	int		 flags = 0;

	if (w == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	if (c != NULL &&
	    (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) &&
	    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_NEWLAYOUTS))
		flags |= LAYOUT_CUSTOM_OLD_FORMAT;
	return (layout_dump(w, w->layout_root, flags));
}

/* Callback for pane_start_command. */
static void *
format_cb_start_command(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	return (cmd_stringify_argv(wp->argc, wp->argv));
}

/* Callback for pane_start_command_list. */
static void *
format_cb_start_command_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	char			*buf = NULL, *s;
	size_t			 len = 0;
	int			 i;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (wp->argc == 0)
		return (xstrdup(""));

	for (i = 0; i < wp->argc; i++) {
		s = format_quote_shell_single(wp->argv[i]);

		len += strlen(s) + 1;
		buf = xrealloc(buf, len);

		if (i == 0)
			*buf = '\0';
		else
			strlcat(buf, " ", len);
		strlcat(buf, s, len);

		free(s);
	}
	return (buf);
}

/* Callback for pane_start_path. */
static void *
format_cb_start_path(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	if (wp->cwd == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	return (xstrdup(wp->cwd));
}

/* Callback for pane_current_command. */
static void *
format_cb_current_command(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	char			*cmd, *value;

	if (wp == NULL || wp->shell == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	cmd = osdep_get_name(wp->fd, wp->tty);
	if (cmd == NULL || *cmd == '\0') {
		free(cmd);
		cmd = cmd_stringify_argv(wp->argc, wp->argv);
		if (cmd == NULL || *cmd == '\0') {
			free(cmd);
			cmd = xstrdup(wp->shell);
		}
	}
	value = parse_window_name(cmd);
	free(cmd);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_current_path. */
static void *
format_cb_current_path(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	char			*cwd;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	cwd = osdep_get_cwd(wp->fd);
	if (cwd == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	return (xstrdup(cwd));
}

/* Callback for history_bytes. */
static void *
format_cb_history_bytes(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct grid		*gd;
	struct grid_line	*gl;
	size_t			 size = 0;
	u_int			 i;
	char			*value;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	gd = wp->base.grid;

	for (i = 0; i < gd->hsize + gd->sy; i++) {
		gl = grid_get_line(gd, i);
		size += gl->cellsize * sizeof *gl->celldata;
		size += gl->extdsize * sizeof *gl->extddata;
	}
	size += (gd->hsize + gd->sy) * sizeof *gl;

	xasprintf(&value, "%zu", size);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for history_all_bytes. */
static void *
format_cb_history_all_bytes(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct grid		*gd;
	struct grid_line	*gl;
	u_int			 i, lines, cells = 0, extended_cells = 0;
	char			*value;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	gd = wp->base.grid;

	lines = gd->hsize + gd->sy;
	for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
		gl = grid_get_line(gd, i);
		cells += gl->cellsize;
		extended_cells += gl->extdsize;
	}

	xasprintf(&value, "%u,%zu,%u,%zu,%u,%zu", lines,
	    lines * sizeof *gl, cells, cells * sizeof *gl->celldata,
	    extended_cells, extended_cells * sizeof *gl->extddata);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_tabs. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_tabs(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct evbuffer		*buffer;
	u_int			 i;
	int			 size;
	char			*value = NULL;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");
	for (i = 0; i < wp->base.grid->sx; i++) {
		if (!bit_test(wp->base.tabs, i))
			continue;

		if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
			evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
		evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%u", i);
	}
	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_fg. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_fg(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct grid_cell	 gc;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	tty_default_colours(&gc, wp, NULL);
	return (xstrdup(colour_tostring(gc.fg)));
}

/* Callback for pane_flags. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_flags(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(window_pane_printable_flags(ft->wp)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_floating_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_floating_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_modal_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_modal_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if (wp == wp->window->modal)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_bg. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_bg(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct grid_cell	 gc;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	tty_default_colours(&gc, wp, NULL);
	return (xstrdup(colour_tostring(gc.bg)));
}

/* Callback for session_group_list. */
static void *
format_cb_session_group_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session		*s = ft->s;
	struct session_group	*sg;
	struct session		*loop;
	struct evbuffer		*buffer;
	int			 size;
	char			*value = NULL;

	if (s == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	sg = session_group_contains(s);
	if (sg == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &sg->sessions, gentry) {
		if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
			evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
		evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%s", loop->name);
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for session_group_attached_list. */
static void *
format_cb_session_group_attached_list(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session		*s = ft->s, *client_session, *session_loop;
	struct session_group	*sg;
	struct client		*loop;
	struct evbuffer		*buffer;
	int			 size;
	char			*value = NULL;

	if (s == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	sg = session_group_contains(s);
	if (sg == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &clients, entry) {
		client_session = loop->session;
		if (client_session == NULL)
			continue;
		TAILQ_FOREACH(session_loop, &sg->sessions, gentry) {
			if (session_loop == client_session){
				if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) > 0)
					evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
				evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%s", loop->name);
			}
		}
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_in_mode. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_in_mode(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane		*wp = ft->wp;
	u_int				 n = 0;
	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
	char				*value;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	TAILQ_FOREACH(wme, &wp->modes, entry)
		n++;
	xasprintf(&value, "%u", n);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_at_top. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_at_top(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	int			 status, flag;
	char			*value;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	status = window_pane_get_pane_status(wp);
	if (status == PANE_STATUS_TOP)
		flag = (wp->yoff == 1);
	else
		flag = (wp->yoff == 0);
	xasprintf(&value, "%d", flag);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_at_bottom. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_at_bottom(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct window		*w;
	int			 status, flag;
	char			*value;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = wp->window;

	status = window_pane_get_pane_status(wp);
	if (status == PANE_STATUS_BOTTOM)
		flag = (wp->yoff + (int)wp->sy == (int)w->sy - 1);
	else
		flag = (wp->yoff + (int)wp->sy == (int)w->sy);
	xasprintf(&value, "%d", flag);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for cursor_character. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_character(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct grid_cell	 gc;
	char			*value = NULL;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	grid_view_get_cell(wp->base.grid, wp->base.cx, wp->base.cy, &gc);
	if (~gc.flags & GRID_FLAG_PADDING)
		xasprintf(&value, "%.*s", (int)gc.data.size, gc.data.data);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for cursor_colour. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_colour(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp == NULL || wp->screen == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	if (wp->screen->ccolour != -1)
		return (xstrdup(colour_tostring(wp->screen->ccolour)));
	return (xstrdup(colour_tostring(wp->screen->default_ccolour)));
}

/* Callback for mouse_word. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_word(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp;
	struct grid		*gd;
	u_int			 x, y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&ft->m, NULL, NULL);
	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (cmd_mouse_at(wp, &ft->m, &x, &y, 0) != 0)
		return (NULL);

	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wp->modes)) {
		if (window_pane_mode(wp) != WINDOW_PANE_NO_MODE)
			return (window_copy_get_word(wp, x, y));
		return (NULL);
	}
	gd = wp->base.grid;
	return (format_grid_word(gd, x, gd->hsize + y));
}

/* Callback for mouse_hyperlink. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_hyperlink(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp;
	struct grid		*gd;
	u_int			 x, y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&ft->m, NULL, NULL);
	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (cmd_mouse_at(wp, &ft->m, &x, &y, 0) != 0)
		return (NULL);

	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wp->modes)) {
		if (window_pane_mode(wp) != WINDOW_PANE_NO_MODE)
			return (window_copy_get_hyperlink(wp, x, y));
		return (NULL);
	}
	gd = wp->base.grid;
	return (format_grid_hyperlink(gd, x, gd->hsize + y, wp->screen));
}

/* Callback for mouse_line. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_line(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp;
	struct grid		*gd;
	u_int			 x, y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&ft->m, NULL, NULL);
	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (cmd_mouse_at(wp, &ft->m, &x, &y, 0) != 0)
		return (NULL);

	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wp->modes)) {
		if (window_pane_mode(wp) != WINDOW_PANE_NO_MODE)
			return (window_copy_get_line(wp, y));
		return (NULL);
	}
	gd = wp->base.grid;
	return (format_grid_line(gd, gd->hsize + y));
}

/* Callback for mouse_status_line. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_status_line(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char	*value;
	u_int	 y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	if (ft->c == NULL || (~ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED))
		return (NULL);

	if (ft->m.statusat == 0 && ft->m.y < ft->m.statuslines) {
		y = ft->m.y;
	} else if (ft->m.statusat > 0 && ft->m.y >= (u_int)ft->m.statusat) {
		y = ft->m.y - ft->m.statusat;
	} else
		return (NULL);
	xasprintf(&value, "%u", y);
	return (value);

}

/* Callback for mouse_status_range. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_status_range(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct style_range	*sr;
	u_int			 x, y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	if (ft->c == NULL || (~ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED))
		return (NULL);

	if (ft->m.statusat == 0 && ft->m.y < ft->m.statuslines) {
		x = ft->m.x;
		y = ft->m.y;
	} else if (ft->m.statusat > 0 && ft->m.y >= (u_int)ft->m.statusat) {
		x = ft->m.x;
		y = ft->m.y - ft->m.statusat;
	} else
		return (NULL);

	sr = status_get_range(ft->c, x, y);
	if (sr == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	switch (sr->type) {
	case STYLE_RANGE_NONE:
		return (NULL);
	case STYLE_RANGE_LEFT:
		return (xstrdup("left"));
	case STYLE_RANGE_RIGHT:
		return (xstrdup("right"));
	case STYLE_RANGE_PANE:
		return (xstrdup("pane"));
	case STYLE_RANGE_WINDOW:
		return (xstrdup("window"));
	case STYLE_RANGE_SESSION:
		return (xstrdup("session"));
	case STYLE_RANGE_USER:
		return (xstrdup(sr->string));
	case STYLE_RANGE_CONTROL:
		return (xstrdup("control"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for alternate_on. */
static void *
format_cb_alternate_on(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.saved_grid != NULL)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for alternate_saved_x. */
static void *
format_cb_alternate_saved_x(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.saved_cx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for alternate_saved_y. */
static void *
format_cb_alternate_saved_y(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.saved_cy));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for bracket_paste_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_bracket_paste_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->screen != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->screen->mode & MODE_BRACKETPASTE)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for buffer_name. */
static void *
format_cb_buffer_name(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->pb != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(paste_buffer_name(ft->pb)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for buffer_sample. */
static void *
format_cb_buffer_sample(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->pb != NULL)
		return (paste_make_sample(ft->pb));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for buffer_full. */
static void *
format_cb_buffer_full(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	size_t		 size;
	const char	*s;

	if (ft->pb != NULL) {
		s = paste_buffer_data(ft->pb, &size);
		if (s != NULL)
			return (xstrndup(s, size));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for buffer_size. */
static void *
format_cb_buffer_size(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	size_t	size;

	if (ft->pb != NULL) {
		paste_buffer_data(ft->pb, &size);
		return (format_printf("%zu", size));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_cell_height. */
static void *
format_cb_client_cell_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && (ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED))
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->c->tty.ypixel));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_cell_width. */
static void *
format_cb_client_cell_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && (ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED))
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->c->tty.xpixel));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_colours. */
static void *
format_cb_client_colours(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct tty_term	*term;
	u_int		 colours;

	if (ft->c == NULL || (~ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED))
		return (NULL);
	term = ft->c->tty.term;

	if (term->flags & TERM_RGBCOLOURS)
		colours = 16777216;
	else if (term->flags & TERM_256COLOURS)
		colours = 256;
	else {
		colours = tty_term_number(term, TTYC_COLORS);
		if (colours < 8)
			colours = 2;
		else if (colours < 16)
			colours = 8;
		else
			colours = 16;
	}
	return (format_printf("%u", colours));
}

/* Callback for client_control_mode. */
static void *
format_cb_client_control_mode(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (ft->c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_discarded. */
static void *
format_cb_client_discarded(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%zu", ft->c->discarded));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_flags. */
static void *
format_cb_client_flags(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(server_client_get_flags(ft->c)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_height. */
static void *
format_cb_client_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && (ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED))
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->c->tty.sy));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_key_table. */
static void *
format_cb_client_key_table(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->keytable->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_last_session. */
static void *
format_cb_client_last_session(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL &&
	    ft->c->last_session != NULL &&
	    session_alive(ft->c->last_session))
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->last_session->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_name. */
static void *
format_cb_client_name(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && ft->c->name != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_pid. */
static void *
format_cb_client_pid(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%ld", (long)ft->c->pid));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_prefix. */
static void *
format_cb_client_prefix(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	const char	*name;

	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		name = server_client_get_key_table(ft->c);
		if (strcmp(ft->c->keytable->name, name) == 0)
			return (xstrdup("0"));
		return (xstrdup("1"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_readonly. */
static void *
format_cb_client_readonly(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (ft->c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_session. */
static void *
format_cb_client_session(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && ft->c->session != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->session->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_termfeatures. */
static void *
format_cb_client_termfeatures(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(tty_get_features(ft->c->term_features)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_termname. */
static void *
format_cb_client_termname(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && ft->c->term_name != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->term_name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_termtype. */
static void *
format_cb_client_termtype(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (ft->c->term_type == NULL)
			return (xstrdup(""));
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->term_type));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_tty. */
static void *
format_cb_client_tty(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL && ft->c->ttyname != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->c->ttyname));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_uid. */
static void *
format_cb_client_uid(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	uid_t	uid;

	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		uid = proc_get_peer_uid(ft->c->peer);
		if (uid != (uid_t)-1)
			return (format_printf("%ld", (long)uid));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_user. */
static void *
format_cb_client_user(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	uid_t		 uid;
	struct passwd	*pw;

	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (ft->c->user != NULL)
			return (xstrdup(ft->c->user));
		uid = proc_get_peer_uid(ft->c->peer);
		if (uid != (uid_t)-1 && (pw = getpwuid(uid)) != NULL) {
			ft->c->user = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
			return (xstrdup(ft->c->user));
		}
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_utf8. */
static void *
format_cb_client_utf8(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (ft->c->flags & CLIENT_UTF8)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_width. */
static void *
format_cb_client_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->c->tty.sx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_written. */
static void *
format_cb_client_written(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%zu", ft->c->written));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_theme. */
static void *
format_cb_client_theme(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		switch (ft->c->theme) {
		case THEME_DARK:
			return (xstrdup("dark"));
		case THEME_LIGHT:
			return (xstrdup("light"));
		case THEME_UNKNOWN:
			return (NULL);
		}
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for config_files. */
static void *
format_cb_config_files(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char	*s = NULL;
	size_t	 slen = 0;
	u_int	 i;
	size_t	 n;

	for (i = 0; i < cfg_nfiles; i++) {
		n = strlen(cfg_files[i]) + 1;
		s = xrealloc(s, slen + n + 1);
		slen += xsnprintf(s + slen, n + 1, "%s,", cfg_files[i]);
	}
	if (s == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	s[slen - 1] = '\0';
	return (s);
}

/* Callback for cursor_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_CURSOR)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for cursor_shape. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_shape(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->screen != NULL) {
		switch (ft->wp->screen->cstyle) {
		case SCREEN_CURSOR_BLOCK:
			return (xstrdup("block"));
		case SCREEN_CURSOR_UNDERLINE:
			return (xstrdup("underline"));
		case SCREEN_CURSOR_BAR:
			return (xstrdup("bar"));
		default:
			return (xstrdup("default"));
		}
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for cursor_very_visible. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_very_visible(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->screen != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->screen->mode & MODE_CURSOR_VERY_VISIBLE)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for cursor_x. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_x(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.cx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for cursor_y. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_y(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.cy));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for cursor_blinking. */
static void *
format_cb_cursor_blinking(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->screen != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->screen->mode & MODE_CURSOR_BLINKING)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for history_added. */
static void *
format_cb_history_added(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.grid->scroll_added));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for history_collected. */
static void *
format_cb_history_collected(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", wp->base.grid->scroll_collected));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for history_generation. */
static void *
format_cb_history_generation(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", wp->base.grid->scroll_generation));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for history_limit. */
static void *
format_cb_history_limit(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.grid->hlimit));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for history_size. */
static void *
format_cb_history_size(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.grid->hsize));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for insert_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_insert_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_INSERT)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for keypad_cursor_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_keypad_cursor_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_KCURSOR)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for keypad_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_keypad_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_KKEYPAD)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_all_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_all_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_ALL)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_any_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_any_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & ALL_MOUSE_MODES)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_button_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_button_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_BUTTON)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_pane. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_pane(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp;

	if (ft->m.valid) {
		wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&ft->m, NULL, NULL);
		if (wp != NULL)
			return (format_printf("%%%u", wp->id));
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_sgr_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_sgr_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_SGR)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_standard_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_standard_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_STANDARD)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_utf8_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_utf8_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_MOUSE_UTF8)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_x. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_x(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp;
	u_int			 x, y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&ft->m, NULL, NULL);
	if (wp != NULL && cmd_mouse_at(wp, &ft->m, &x, &y, 0) == 0)
		return (format_printf("%u", x));
	if (ft->c != NULL && (ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED)) {
		if (ft->m.statusat == 0 && ft->m.y < ft->m.statuslines)
			return (format_printf("%u", ft->m.x));
		if (ft->m.statusat > 0 && ft->m.y >= (u_int)ft->m.statusat)
			return (format_printf("%u", ft->m.x));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for mouse_y. */
static void *
format_cb_mouse_y(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp;
	u_int			 x, y;

	if (!ft->m.valid)
		return (NULL);
	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&ft->m, NULL, NULL);
	if (wp != NULL && cmd_mouse_at(wp, &ft->m, &x, &y, 0) == 0)
		return (format_printf("%u", y));
	if (ft->c != NULL && (ft->c->tty.flags & TTY_STARTED)) {
		if (ft->m.statusat == 0 && ft->m.y < ft->m.statuslines)
			return (format_printf("%u", ft->m.y));
		if (ft->m.statusat > 0 && ft->m.y >= (u_int)ft->m.statusat)
			return (format_printf("%u", ft->m.y - ft->m.statusat));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for next_session_id. */
static void *
format_cb_next_session_id(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (format_printf("$%u", next_session_id));
}

/* Callback for origin_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_origin_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_ORIGIN)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for synchronized_output_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_synchronized_output_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_SYNC)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_private_modes. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_private_modes(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	static const struct {
		int	mode;
		int	number;
	} table[] = {
		{ MODE_KCURSOR,		1 },	/* DECCKM */
		{ MODE_ORIGIN,		6 },	/* DECOM */
		{ MODE_WRAP,		7 },	/* DECAWM */
		{ MODE_CURSOR_BLINKING,	12 },	/* cursor blinking */
		{ MODE_CURSOR,		25 },	/* DECTCEM */
		{ MODE_MOUSE_STANDARD,	1000 },	/* mouse normal tracking */
		{ MODE_MOUSE_BUTTON,	1002 },	/* mouse button tracking */
		{ MODE_MOUSE_ALL,	1003 },	/* mouse any tracking */
		{ MODE_FOCUSON,		1004 },	/* focus reporting */
		{ MODE_MOUSE_UTF8,	1005 },	/* mouse: UTF-8 */
		{ MODE_MOUSE_SGR,	1006 },	/* mouse: SGR */
		{ MODE_BRACKETPASTE,	2004 },	/* bracketed paste */
		{ MODE_SYNC,		2026 },	/* synchronized output */
		{ MODE_THEME_UPDATES,	2031 },	/* theme update notifications */
	};
	int	 mode;
	char	*value = NULL, *tmp;
	u_int	 i;

	if (ft->wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	mode = ft->wp->base.mode;

	for (i = 0; i < nitems(table); i++) {
		if (~mode & table[i].mode)
			continue;
		/*
		 * Only report cursor blinking when set by the application, not
		 * when it comes from the cursor-style option.
		 */
		if (table[i].mode == MODE_CURSOR_BLINKING &&
		    (~mode & MODE_CURSOR_BLINKING_SET))
			continue;
		if (value == NULL)
			xasprintf(&value, "%d", table[i].number);
		else {
			xasprintf(&tmp, "%s,%d", value, table[i].number);
			free(value);
			value = tmp;
		}
	}
	if (value == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_active. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_active(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp == ft->wp->window->active)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_at_left. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_at_left(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->xoff == 0)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_at_right. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_at_right(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->xoff + (int)ft->wp->sx == (int)ft->wp->window->sx)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_bottom. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_bottom(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", wp->yoff + (int)wp->sy - 1));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_dead. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_dead(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if (wp->fd == -1 && (wp->flags & PANE_STATUSREADY))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_dead_signal. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_dead_signal(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	const char		*name;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if ((wp->flags & PANE_STATUSREADY) && WIFSIGNALED(wp->status)) {
			name = sig2name(WTERMSIG(wp->status));
			return (format_printf("%s", name));
		}
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_dead_status. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_dead_status(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if ((wp->flags & PANE_STATUSREADY) && WIFEXITED(wp->status))
			return (format_printf("%d", WEXITSTATUS(wp->status)));
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_dead_time. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_dead_time(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if (wp->flags & PANE_STATUSDRAWN)
			return (&wp->dead_time);
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_last_output_time. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_last_output_time(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	static struct timeval	 tv;

	if (wp != NULL && wp->last_output_time != 0) {
		tv.tv_sec = wp->last_output_time;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;
		return (&tv);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_output_generation. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_output_generation(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	unsigned long long	 value;

	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		value = ft->wp->output_generation;
		return (format_printf("%llu", value));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_last_prompt_time. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_last_prompt_time(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	static struct timeval	 tv;

	if (wp != NULL && wp->last_prompt_time != 0) {
		tv.tv_sec = wp->last_prompt_time;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;
		return (&tv);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_command_start_time. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_command_start_time(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	static struct timeval	 tv;

	if (wp != NULL && wp->cmd_start_time != 0) {
		tv.tv_sec = wp->cmd_start_time;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;
		return (&tv);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_command_end_time. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_command_end_time(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	static struct timeval	 tv;

	if (wp != NULL && wp->cmd_end_time != 0) {
		tv.tv_sec = wp->cmd_end_time;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;
		return (&tv);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_command_running. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_command_running(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", !!(wp->flags & PANE_CMDRUNNING)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_command_duration. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_command_duration(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	time_t			 end;

	if (wp == NULL || wp->cmd_start_time == 0)
		return (NULL);
	if (wp->flags & PANE_CMDRUNNING)
		end = time(NULL);
	else
		end = wp->cmd_end_time;
	if (end < wp->cmd_start_time)
		end = wp->cmd_start_time;
	return (format_printf("%lld", (long long)(end - wp->cmd_start_time)));
}

/* Callback for pane_command_status. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_command_status(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL && wp->cmd_status != -1)
		return (format_printf("%d", wp->cmd_status));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_format. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_format(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->type == FORMAT_TYPE_PANE)
		return (xstrdup("1"));
	return (xstrdup("0"));
}

/* Callback for pane_height. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->sy));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_id. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_id(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%%%u", ft->wp->id));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_index. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_index(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	u_int	idx;

	if (ft->wp != NULL && window_pane_index(ft->wp, &idx) == 0)
		return (format_printf("%u", idx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_input_off. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_input_off(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->flags & PANE_INPUTOFF)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_unseen_changes. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_unseen_changes(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->flags & PANE_UNSEENCHANGES)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_key_mode. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_key_mode(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->screen != NULL) {
		switch (ft->wp->screen->mode & EXTENDED_KEY_MODES) {
		case MODE_KEYS_EXTENDED:
			return (xstrdup("Ext 1"));
		case MODE_KEYS_EXTENDED_2:
			return (xstrdup("Ext 2"));
		default:
			return (xstrdup("VT10x"));
		}
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_last. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_last(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp == TAILQ_FIRST(&ft->wp->window->last_panes))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_left. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_left(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", ft->wp->xoff));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_marked. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_marked(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (server_check_marked() && marked_pane.wp == ft->wp)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_marked_set. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_marked_set(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (server_check_marked())
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_mode. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_mode(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;

	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&ft->wp->modes);
		if (wme != NULL)
			return (xstrdup(wme->mode->name));
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_path. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_path(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.path == NULL)
			return (xstrdup(""));
		return (xstrdup(ft->wp->base.path));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_pid. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_pid(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->fd != -1)
		return (format_printf("%ld", (long)ft->wp->pid));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_pipe. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_pipe(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->pipe_fd != -1)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_pipe_pid. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_pipe_pid(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char	*value = NULL;

	if (ft->wp != NULL && ft->wp->pipe_fd != -1)
		xasprintf(&value, "%ld", (long)ft->wp->pipe_pid);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_pb_progress. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_pb_progress(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	char	*value = NULL;

	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		xasprintf(&value, "%d", ft->wp->base.progress_bar.progress);
	return (value);
}

/* Callback for pane_pb_state. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_pb_state(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		switch (ft->wp->base.progress_bar.state) {
		case PROGRESS_BAR_HIDDEN:
			return xstrdup("hidden");
		case PROGRESS_BAR_NORMAL:
			return xstrdup("normal");
		case PROGRESS_BAR_ERROR:
			return xstrdup("error");
		case PROGRESS_BAR_INDETERMINATE:
			return xstrdup("indeterminate");
		case PROGRESS_BAR_PAUSED:
			return xstrdup("paused");
		}
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_right. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_right(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", wp->xoff + (int)wp->sx - 1));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_search_string. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_search_string(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->searchstr == NULL)
			return (xstrdup(""));
		return (xstrdup(ft->wp->searchstr));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_synchronized. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_synchronized(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (options_get_number(ft->wp->options, "synchronize-panes"))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_title. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_title(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->wp->base.title));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_top. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_top(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", ft->wp->yoff));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_tty. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_tty(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->wp->tty));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_unzoomed_height. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_unzoomed_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct window		*w;
	struct layout_cell	*lc, *root;
	int			 status, floating;
	u_int			 sy;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = wp->window;

	lc = wp->saved_layout_cell;
	if (lc == NULL)
		lc = wp->layout_cell;
	if (lc == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	sy = lc->g.sy;
	floating = (lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING);

	root = w->saved_layout_root;
	if (root == NULL)
		root = w->layout_root;
	if (lc == wp->saved_layout_cell && !floating)
		status = window_get_pane_status(w);
	else
		status = window_pane_get_pane_status(wp);
	if (!floating &&
	    root != NULL &&
	    layout_add_horizontal_border(root, lc, status) &&
	    sy > 1)
		sy--;

	return (format_printf("%u", sy));
}

/* Callback for pane_unzoomed_width. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_unzoomed_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;
	struct layout_cell	*lc;
	int			 saved, sb_w, sb_pad;
	u_int			 sx;

	if (wp == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	lc = wp->saved_layout_cell;
	saved = (lc != NULL);
	if (lc == NULL)
		lc = wp->layout_cell;
	if (lc == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	sx = lc->g.sx;

	if ((saved && !SCREEN_IS_ALTERNATE(&wp->base) &&
	    wp->window->sb == PANE_SCROLLBARS_ALWAYS) ||
	    (!saved && window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp))) {
		sb_w = wp->scrollbar_style.width;
		sb_pad = wp->scrollbar_style.pad;
		if (sb_w < 1)
			sb_w = 1;
		if (sb_pad < 0)
			sb_pad = 0;
		if ((int)sx - sb_w - sb_pad < PANE_MINIMUM)
			sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
		else
			sx -= sb_w + sb_pad;
	}

	return (format_printf("%u", sx));
}

/* Callback for pane_width. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->sx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_x. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_x(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", ft->wp->xoff));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_y. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_y(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", ft->wp->yoff));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_z. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_z(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	u_int	idx;

	if (ft->wp != NULL && window_pane_zindex(ft->wp, &idx) == 0)
		return (format_printf("%u", idx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for pane_zoomed_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_pane_zoomed_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window_pane	*wp = ft->wp;

	if (wp != NULL) {
		if (wp->flags & PANE_ZOOMED)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for scroll_region_lower. */
static void *
format_cb_scroll_region_lower(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.rlower));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for scroll_region_upper. */
static void *
format_cb_scroll_region_upper(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->wp->base.rupper));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for server_sessions. */
static void *
format_cb_server_sessions(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session	*s;
	u_int		 n = 0;

	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions)
		n++;
	return (format_printf("%u", n));
}

/* Callback for session_active. */
static void *
format_cb_session_active(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s == NULL || ft->c == NULL)
		return (NULL);

	if (ft->c->session == ft->s)
		return (xstrdup("1"));
	return (xstrdup("0"));
}

/* Callback for session_activity_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_session_activity_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct winlink		*wl;

	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
			if (wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY)
				return (xstrdup("1"));
		}
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_bell_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_session_bell_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct winlink		*wl;

	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
			if (wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL)
				return (xstrdup("1"));
		}
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_silence_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_session_silence_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct winlink		*wl;

	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
			if (wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE)
				return (xstrdup("1"));
		}
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_attached. */
static void *
format_cb_session_attached(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->s->attached));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_format. */
static void *
format_cb_session_format(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->type == FORMAT_TYPE_SESSION)
		return (xstrdup("1"));
	return (xstrdup("0"));
}

/* Callback for session_group. */
static void *
format_cb_session_group(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session_group	*sg;

	if (ft->s != NULL && (sg = session_group_contains(ft->s)) != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(sg->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_group_attached. */
static void *
format_cb_session_group_attached(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session_group	*sg;

	if (ft->s != NULL && (sg = session_group_contains(ft->s)) != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", session_group_attached_count (sg)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_group_many_attached. */
static void *
format_cb_session_group_many_attached(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session_group	*sg;

	if (ft->s != NULL && (sg = session_group_contains(ft->s)) != NULL) {
		if (session_group_attached_count (sg) > 1)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_group_size. */
static void *
format_cb_session_group_size(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct session_group	*sg;

	if (ft->s != NULL && (sg = session_group_contains(ft->s)) != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", session_group_count (sg)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_grouped. */
static void *
format_cb_session_grouped(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		if (session_group_contains(ft->s) != NULL)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_id. */
static void *
format_cb_session_id(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (format_printf("$%u", ft->s->id));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_many_attached. */
static void *
format_cb_session_many_attached(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		if (ft->s->attached > 1)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_marked. */
static void *
format_cb_session_marked(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		if (server_check_marked() && marked_pane.s == ft->s)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_name. */
static void *
format_cb_session_name(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->s->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_path. */
static void *
format_cb_session_path(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(ft->s->cwd));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_windows. */
static void *
format_cb_session_windows(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", winlink_count(&ft->s->windows)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for socket_path. */
static void *
format_cb_socket_path(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (xstrdup(socket_path));
}

/* Callback for version. */
static void *
format_cb_version(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (xstrdup(getversion()));
}

/* Callback for sixel_support. */
static void *
format_cb_sixel_support(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_SIXEL
	return (xstrdup("1"));
#else
	return (xstrdup("0"));
#endif
}

/* Callback for active_window_index. */
static void *
format_cb_active_window_index(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->s->curw->idx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for last_window_index. */
static void *
format_cb_last_window_index(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct winlink	*wl;

	if (ft->s != NULL) {
		wl = RB_MAX(winlinks, &ft->s->windows);
		return (format_printf("%u", wl->idx));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_active. */
static void *
format_cb_window_active(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl == ft->wl->session->curw)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_activity_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_activity_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_bell_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_bell_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_bigger. */
static void *
format_cb_window_bigger(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	u_int	ox, oy, sx, sy;

	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (tty_window_offset(&ft->c->tty, &ox, &oy, &sx, &sy))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_cell_height. */
static void *
format_cb_window_cell_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->w->ypixel));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_cell_width. */
static void *
format_cb_window_cell_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->w->xpixel));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_end_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_end_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl == RB_MAX(winlinks, &ft->wl->session->windows))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_flags. */
static void *
format_cb_window_flags(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(window_printable_flags(ft->wl, 1)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_format. */
static void *
format_cb_window_format(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->type == FORMAT_TYPE_WINDOW)
		return (xstrdup("1"));
	return (xstrdup("0"));
}

/* Callback for window_height. */
static void *
format_cb_window_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->w->sy));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_manual_height. */
static void *
format_cb_window_manual_height(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w = ft->w;

	if (w == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (options_get_number(w->options, "window-size") != WINDOW_SIZE_MANUAL)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	return (format_printf("%u", w->manual_sy));
}

/* Callback for window_id. */
static void *
format_cb_window_id(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("@%u", ft->w->id));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_index. */
static void *
format_cb_window_index(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%d", ft->wl->idx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_last_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_last_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl == TAILQ_FIRST(&ft->wl->session->lastw))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_linked. */
static void *
format_cb_window_linked(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct winlink	*wl;
	struct session	*s;
	int		 found = 0;

	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
			RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
				if (wl->window == ft->wl->window) {
					if (found)
						return (xstrdup("1"));
					found = 1;
				}
			}
		}
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_linked_sessions. */
static void *
format_cb_window_linked_sessions(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window		*w;
	struct session_group	*sg;
	struct session		*s;
	u_int			 n = 0;

	if (ft->wl == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	w = ft->wl->window;

	RB_FOREACH(sg, session_groups, &session_groups) {
		s = TAILQ_FIRST(&sg->sessions);
		if (winlink_find_by_window(&s->windows, w) != NULL)
			n++;
	}
	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
		if (session_group_contains(s) != NULL)
			continue;
		if (winlink_find_by_window(&s->windows, w) != NULL)
			n++;
	}
	return (format_printf("%u", n));
}

/* Callback for window_marked_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_marked_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (server_check_marked() && marked_pane.wl == ft->wl)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_modal_pane. */
static void *
format_cb_window_modal_pane(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL && ft->w->modal != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%%%u", ft->w->modal->id));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_name. */
static void *
format_cb_window_name(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%s", ft->w->name));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_offset_x. */
static void *
format_cb_window_offset_x(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	u_int	ox, oy, sx, sy;

	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (tty_window_offset(&ft->c->tty, &ox, &oy, &sx, &sy))
			return (format_printf("%u", ox));
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_offset_y. */
static void *
format_cb_window_offset_y(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	u_int	ox, oy, sx, sy;

	if (ft->c != NULL) {
		if (tty_window_offset(&ft->c->tty, &ox, &oy, &sx, &sy))
			return (format_printf("%u", oy));
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_panes. */
static void *
format_cb_window_panes(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", window_count_panes(ft->w, 1)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_raw_flags. */
static void *
format_cb_window_raw_flags(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(window_printable_flags(ft->wl, 0)));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_silence_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_silence_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_start_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_start_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wl != NULL) {
		if (ft->wl == RB_MIN(winlinks, &ft->wl->session->windows))
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_width. */
static void *
format_cb_window_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (format_printf("%u", ft->w->sx));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for window_manual_width. */
static void *
format_cb_window_manual_width(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct window	*w = ft->w;

	if (w == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (options_get_number(w->options, "window-size") != WINDOW_SIZE_MANUAL)
		return (xstrdup(""));
	return (format_printf("%u", w->manual_sx));
}

/* Callback for window_zoomed_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_window_zoomed_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL) {
		if (ft->w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for wrap_flag. */
static void *
format_cb_wrap_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->wp != NULL) {
		if (ft->wp->base.mode & MODE_WRAP)
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		return (xstrdup("0"));
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for buffer_created. */
static void *
format_cb_buffer_created(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	static struct timeval	 tv;

	if (ft->pb != NULL) {
		timerclear(&tv);
		tv.tv_sec = paste_buffer_created(ft->pb);
		return (&tv);
	}
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_activity. */
static void *
format_cb_client_activity(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (&ft->c->activity_time);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for client_created. */
static void *
format_cb_client_created(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->c != NULL)
		return (&ft->c->creation_time);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_activity. */
static void *
format_cb_session_activity(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (&ft->s->activity_time);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_created. */
static void *
format_cb_session_created(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (&ft->s->creation_time);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for session_last_attached. */
static void *
format_cb_session_last_attached(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->s != NULL)
		return (&ft->s->last_attached_time);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for start_time. */
static void *
format_cb_start_time(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (&start_time);
}

/* Callback for window_activity. */
static void *
format_cb_window_activity(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	if (ft->w != NULL)
		return (&ft->w->activity_time);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for buffer_mode_format, */
static void *
format_cb_buffer_mode_format(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (xstrdup(window_buffer_mode.default_format));
}

/* Callback for client_mode_format, */
static void *
format_cb_client_mode_format(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (xstrdup(window_client_mode.default_format));
}

/* Callback for tree_mode_format, */
static void *
format_cb_tree_mode_format(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (xstrdup(window_tree_mode.default_format));
}

/* Callback for uid. */
static void *
format_cb_uid(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (format_printf("%ld", (long)getuid()));
}

/* Callback for user. */
static void *
format_cb_user(__unused struct format_tree *ft)
{
	static char	*cached;
	struct passwd	*pw;

	if (cached == NULL && (pw = getpwuid(getuid())) != NULL)
		cached = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
	if (cached != NULL)
		return (xstrdup(cached));
	return (NULL);
}

/* Format table type. */
enum format_table_type {
	FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	FORMAT_TABLE_TIME
};

/* Format table entry. */
struct format_table_entry {
	const char		*key;
	enum format_table_type	 type;
	format_cb		 cb;
};

/*
 * Format table. Default format variables (that are almost always in the tree
 * and where the value is expanded by a callback in this file) are listed here.
 * Only variables which are added by the caller go into the tree.
 */
static const struct format_table_entry format_table[] = {
	{ "active_window_index", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_active_window_index
	},
	{ "alternate_on", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_alternate_on
	},
	{ "alternate_saved_x", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_alternate_saved_x
	},
	{ "alternate_saved_y", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_alternate_saved_y
	},
	{ "bracket_paste_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_bracket_paste_flag
	},
	{ "buffer_created", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_buffer_created
	},
	{ "buffer_full", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_buffer_full
	},
	{ "buffer_mode_format", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_buffer_mode_format
	},
	{ "buffer_name", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_buffer_name
	},
	{ "buffer_sample", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_buffer_sample
	},
	{ "buffer_size", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_buffer_size
	},
	{ "client_activity", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_client_activity
	},
	{ "client_cell_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_cell_height
	},
	{ "client_cell_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_cell_width
	},
	{ "client_colours", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_colours
	},
	{ "client_control_mode", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_control_mode
	},
	{ "client_created", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_client_created
	},
	{ "client_discarded", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_discarded
	},
	{ "client_flags", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_flags
	},
	{ "client_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_height
	},
	{ "client_key_table", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_key_table
	},
	{ "client_last_session", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_last_session
	},
	{ "client_mode_format", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_mode_format
	},
	{ "client_name", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_name
	},
	{ "client_pid", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_pid
	},
	{ "client_prefix", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_prefix
	},
	{ "client_readonly", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_readonly
	},
	{ "client_session", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_session
	},
	{ "client_termfeatures", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_termfeatures
	},
	{ "client_termname", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_termname
	},
	{ "client_termtype", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_termtype
	},
	{ "client_theme", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_theme
	},
	{ "client_tty", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_tty
	},
	{ "client_uid", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_uid
	},
	{ "client_user", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_user
	},
	{ "client_utf8", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_utf8
	},
	{ "client_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_width
	},
	{ "client_written", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_client_written
	},
	{ "config_files", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_config_files
	},
	{ "cursor_blinking", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_blinking
	},
	{ "cursor_character", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_character
	},
	{ "cursor_colour", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_colour
	},
	{ "cursor_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_flag
	},
	{ "cursor_shape", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_shape
	},
	{ "cursor_very_visible", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_very_visible
	},
	{ "cursor_x", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_x
	},
	{ "cursor_y", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_cursor_y
	},
	{ "history_added", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_added
	},
	{ "history_all_bytes", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_all_bytes
	},
	{ "history_bytes", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_bytes
	},
	{ "history_collected", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_collected
	},
	{ "history_generation", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_generation
	},
	{ "history_limit", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_limit
	},
	{ "history_size", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_history_size
	},
	{ "host", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_host
	},
	{ "host_short", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_host_short
	},
	{ "insert_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_insert_flag
	},
	{ "keypad_cursor_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_keypad_cursor_flag
	},
	{ "keypad_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_keypad_flag
	},
	{ "last_window_index", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_last_window_index
	},
	{ "mouse_all_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_all_flag
	},
	{ "mouse_any_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_any_flag
	},
	{ "mouse_button_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_button_flag
	},
	{ "mouse_hyperlink", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_hyperlink
	},
	{ "mouse_line", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_line
	},
	{ "mouse_pane", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_pane
	},
	{ "mouse_sgr_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_sgr_flag
	},
	{ "mouse_standard_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_standard_flag
	},
	{ "mouse_status_line", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_status_line
	},
	{ "mouse_status_range", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_status_range
	},
	{ "mouse_utf8_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_utf8_flag
	},
	{ "mouse_word", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_word
	},
	{ "mouse_x", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_x
	},
	{ "mouse_y", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_mouse_y
	},
	{ "next_session_id", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_next_session_id
	},
	{ "origin_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_origin_flag
	},
	{ "pane_active", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_active
	},
	{ "pane_at_bottom", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_at_bottom
	},
	{ "pane_at_left", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_at_left
	},
	{ "pane_at_right", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_at_right
	},
	{ "pane_at_top", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_at_top
	},
	{ "pane_bg", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_bg
	},
	{ "pane_bottom", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_bottom
	},
	{ "pane_command_duration", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_command_duration
	},
	{ "pane_command_end_time", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_pane_command_end_time
	},
	{ "pane_command_running", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_command_running
	},
	{ "pane_command_start_time", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_pane_command_start_time
	},
	{ "pane_command_status", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_command_status
	},
	{ "pane_current_command", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_current_command
	},
	{ "pane_current_path", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_current_path
	},
	{ "pane_dead", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_dead
	},
	{ "pane_dead_signal", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_dead_signal
	},
	{ "pane_dead_status", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_dead_status
	},
	{ "pane_dead_time", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_pane_dead_time
	},
	{ "pane_fg", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_fg
	},
	{ "pane_flags", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_flags
	},
	{ "pane_floating_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_floating_flag
	},
	{ "pane_format", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_format
	},
	{ "pane_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_height
	},
	{ "pane_id", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_id
	},
	{ "pane_in_mode", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_in_mode
	},
	{ "pane_index", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_index
	},
	{ "pane_input_off", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_input_off
	},
	{ "pane_key_mode", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_key_mode
	},
	{ "pane_last", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_last
	},
	{ "pane_last_output_time", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_pane_last_output_time
	},
	{ "pane_last_prompt_time", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_pane_last_prompt_time
	},
	{ "pane_left", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_left
	},
	{ "pane_marked", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_marked
	},
	{ "pane_marked_set", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_marked_set
	},
	{ "pane_modal_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_modal_flag
	},
	{ "pane_mode", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_mode
	},
	{ "pane_output_generation", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_output_generation
	},
	{ "pane_path", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_path
	},
	{ "pane_pb_progress", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_pb_progress
	},
	{ "pane_pb_state", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_pb_state
	},
	{ "pane_pid", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_pid
	},
	{ "pane_pipe", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_pipe
	},
	{ "pane_pipe_pid", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_pipe_pid
	},
	{ "pane_private_modes", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_private_modes
	},
	{ "pane_right", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_right
	},
	{ "pane_search_string", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_search_string
	},
	{ "pane_start_command", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_start_command
	},
	{ "pane_start_command_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_start_command_list
	},
	{ "pane_start_path", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_start_path
	},
	{ "pane_synchronized", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_synchronized
	},
	{ "pane_tabs", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_tabs
	},
	{ "pane_title", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_title
	},
	{ "pane_top", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_top
	},
	{ "pane_tty", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_tty
	},
	{ "pane_unseen_changes", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_unseen_changes
	},
	{ "pane_unzoomed_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_unzoomed_height
	},
	{ "pane_unzoomed_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_unzoomed_width
	},
	{ "pane_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_width
	},
	{ "pane_x", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_x
	},
	{ "pane_y", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_y
	},
	{ "pane_z", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_z
	},
	{ "pane_zoomed_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pane_zoomed_flag
	},
	{ "pid", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_pid
	},
	{ "scroll_region_lower", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_scroll_region_lower
	},
	{ "scroll_region_upper", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_scroll_region_upper
	},
	{ "server_sessions", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_server_sessions
	},
	{ "session_active", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_active
	},
	{ "session_activity", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_session_activity
	},
	{ "session_activity_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_activity_flag
	},
	{ "session_alert", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_alert
	},
	{ "session_alerts", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_alerts
	},
	{ "session_attached", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_attached
	},
	{ "session_attached_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_attached_list
	},
	{ "session_bell_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_bell_flag
	},
	{ "session_created", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_session_created
	},
	{ "session_format", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_format
	},
	{ "session_group", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_group
	},
	{ "session_group_attached", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_group_attached
	},
	{ "session_group_attached_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_group_attached_list
	},
	{ "session_group_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_group_list
	},
	{ "session_group_many_attached", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_group_many_attached
	},
	{ "session_group_size", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_group_size
	},
	{ "session_grouped", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_grouped
	},
	{ "session_id", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_id
	},
	{ "session_last_attached", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_session_last_attached
	},
	{ "session_many_attached", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_many_attached
	},
	{ "session_marked", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_marked,
	},
	{ "session_name", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_name
	},
	{ "session_path", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_path
	},
	{ "session_silence_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_silence_flag
	},
	{ "session_stack", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_stack
	},
	{ "session_windows", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_session_windows
	},
	{ "sixel_support", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_sixel_support
	},
	{ "socket_path", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_socket_path
	},
	{ "start_time", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_start_time
	},
	{ "synchronized_output_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_synchronized_output_flag
	},
	{ "tree_mode_format", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_tree_mode_format
	},
	{ "uid", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_uid
	},
	{ "user", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_user
	},
	{ "version", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_version
	},
	{ "window_active", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_active
	},
	{ "window_active_clients", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_active_clients
	},
	{ "window_active_clients_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_active_clients_list
	},
	{ "window_active_sessions", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_active_sessions
	},
	{ "window_active_sessions_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_active_sessions_list
	},
	{ "window_activity", FORMAT_TABLE_TIME,
	  format_cb_window_activity
	},
	{ "window_activity_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_activity_flag
	},
	{ "window_bell_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_bell_flag
	},
	{ "window_bigger", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_bigger
	},
	{ "window_cell_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_cell_height
	},
	{ "window_cell_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_cell_width
	},
	{ "window_end_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_end_flag
	},
	{ "window_flags", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_flags
	},
	{ "window_format", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_format
	},
	{ "window_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_height
	},
	{ "window_id", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_id
	},
	{ "window_index", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_index
	},
	{ "window_last_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_last_flag
	},
	{ "window_layout", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_layout
	},
	{ "window_linked", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_linked
	},
	{ "window_linked_sessions", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_linked_sessions
	},
	{ "window_linked_sessions_list", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_linked_sessions_list
	},
	{ "window_manual_height", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_manual_height
	},
	{ "window_manual_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_manual_width
	},
	{ "window_marked_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_marked_flag
	},
	{ "window_modal_pane", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_modal_pane
	},
	{ "window_name", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_name
	},
	{ "window_offset_x", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_offset_x
	},
	{ "window_offset_y", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_offset_y
	},
	{ "window_panes", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_panes
	},
	{ "window_raw_flags", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_raw_flags
	},
	{ "window_silence_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_silence_flag
	},
	{ "window_stack_index", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_stack_index
	},
	{ "window_start_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_start_flag
	},
	{ "window_visible_layout", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_visible_layout
	},
	{ "window_width", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_width
	},
	{ "window_zoomed_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_window_zoomed_flag
	},
	{ "wrap_flag", FORMAT_TABLE_STRING,
	  format_cb_wrap_flag
	}
};

/* Compare format table entries. */
static int
format_table_compare(const void *key0, const void *entry0)
{
	const char			*key = key0;
	const struct format_table_entry	*entry = entry0;

	return (strcmp(key, entry->key));
}

/* Get a format callback. */
static const struct format_table_entry *
format_table_get(const char *key)
{
	return (bsearch(key, format_table, nitems(format_table),
	    sizeof *format_table, format_table_compare));
}

/* Merge one format tree into another. */
void
format_merge(struct format_tree *ft, struct format_tree *from)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe;

	RB_FOREACH(fe, format_entry_tree, &from->tree) {
		if (fe->value != NULL)
			format_add(ft, fe->key, "%s", fe->value);
	}
}

/* Get format pane. */
struct window_pane *
format_get_pane(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	return (ft->wp);
}

/* Add item bits to tree. */
static void
format_create_add_item(struct format_tree *ft, struct cmdq_item *item)
{
	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
	struct mouse_event	*m = &event->m;

	cmdq_merge_formats(item, ft);
	memcpy(&ft->m, m, sizeof ft->m);
}

/* Create a new tree. */
struct format_tree *
format_create(struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int tag, int flags)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft;

	ft = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ft);
	RB_INIT(&ft->tree);

	if (c != NULL) {
		ft->client = c;
		ft->client->references++;
	}
	ft->item = item;

	ft->tag = tag;
	ft->flags = flags;

	if (item != NULL)
		format_create_add_item(ft, item);

	return (ft);
}

/* Free a tree. */
void
format_free(struct format_tree *ft)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe, *fe1;

	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(fe, format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe1) {
		RB_REMOVE(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
		free(fe->value);
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
	}

	if (ft->client != NULL)
		server_client_unref(ft->client);
	free(ft);
}

/* Log each format. */
static void
format_log_debug_cb(const char *key, const char *value, void *arg)
{
	const char	*prefix = arg;

	log_debug("%s: %s=%s", prefix, key, value);
}

/* Log a format tree. */
void
format_log_debug(struct format_tree *ft, const char *prefix)
{
	if (log_get_level() == 0)
		return;
	format_each(ft, format_log_debug_cb, (void *)prefix);
}

/* Walk each format. */
void
format_each(struct format_tree *ft, void (*cb)(const char *, const char *,
    void *), void *arg)
{
	const struct format_table_entry	*fte;
	struct format_entry		*fe;
	u_int				 i;
	char				 s[64];
	void				*value;
	struct timeval			*tv;

	for (i = 0; i < nitems(format_table); i++) {
		fte = &format_table[i];

		value = fte->cb(ft);
		if (value == NULL)
			continue;
		if (fte->type == FORMAT_TABLE_TIME) {
			tv = value;
			xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "%lld", (long long)tv->tv_sec);
			cb(fte->key, s, arg);
		} else {
			cb(fte->key, value, arg);
			free(value);
		}
	}
	RB_FOREACH(fe, format_entry_tree, &ft->tree) {
		if (fe->time != 0) {
			xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "%lld", (long long)fe->time);
			cb(fe->key, s, arg);
		} else {
			if (fe->value == NULL && fe->cb != NULL) {
				fe->value = fe->cb(ft);
				if (fe->value == NULL)
					fe->value = xstrdup("");
			}
			cb(fe->key, fe->value, arg);
		}
	}
}

/* Add a key-value pair. */
void
format_add(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe;
	struct format_entry	*fe_now;
	va_list			 ap;

	fe = xmalloc(sizeof *fe);
	fe->key = xstrdup(key);

	fe_now = RB_INSERT(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
	if (fe_now != NULL) {
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
		free(fe_now->value);
		fe = fe_now;
	}

	fe->cb = NULL;
	fe->time = 0;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	xvasprintf(&fe->value, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
}

/* Add a key and time. */
void
format_add_tv(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, struct timeval *tv)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe, *fe_now;

	fe = xmalloc(sizeof *fe);
	fe->key = xstrdup(key);

	fe_now = RB_INSERT(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
	if (fe_now != NULL) {
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
		free(fe_now->value);
		fe = fe_now;
	}

	fe->cb = NULL;
	fe->time = tv->tv_sec;

	fe->value = NULL;
}

/* Add a key and function. */
void
format_add_cb(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, format_cb cb)
{
	struct format_entry	*fe;
	struct format_entry	*fe_now;

	fe = xmalloc(sizeof *fe);
	fe->key = xstrdup(key);

	fe_now = RB_INSERT(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, fe);
	if (fe_now != NULL) {
		free(fe->key);
		free(fe);
		free(fe_now->value);
		fe = fe_now;
	}

	fe->cb = cb;
	fe->time = 0;

	fe->value = NULL;
}

/* Quote shell special characters in string. */
static char *
format_quote_shell(const char *s)
{
	const char	*cp;
	char		*out, *at;

	at = out = xmalloc(strlen(s) * 2 + 1);
	for (cp = s; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
		if (strchr("|&;<>(){}$`\\\"'*?[# =%\n\t", *cp) != NULL)
			*at++ = '\\';
		*at++ = *cp;
	}
	*at = '\0';
	return (out);
}

/* Quote string with POSIX shell single quotes. */
static char *
format_quote_shell_single(const char *s)
{
	const char	*cp;
	char		*out, *at;

	at = out = xmalloc(strlen(s) * 4 + 3);
	*at++ = '\'';
	for (cp = s; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
		if (*cp == '\'') {
			*at++ = '\'';
			*at++ = '\\';
			*at++ = '\'';
			*at++ = '\'';
		} else
			*at++ = *cp;
	}
	*at++ = '\'';
	*at = '\0';
	return (out);
}

/* Quote #s in string. */
static char *
format_quote_style(const char *s)
{
	const char	*cp;
	char		*out, *at;

	at = out = xmalloc(strlen(s) * 2 + 1);
	for (cp = s; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
		if (*cp == '#')
			*at++ = '#';
		*at++ = *cp;
	}
	*at = '\0';
	return (out);
}

/* Make a prettier time. */
char *
format_pretty_time(time_t t, int seconds)
{
	struct tm	now_tm, tm;
	time_t		now, age;
	char		s[9];

	time(&now);
	if (now < t)
		now = t;
	age = now - t;

	if (localtime_r(&now, &now_tm) == NULL || localtime_r(&t, &tm) == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));

	/* Last 24 hours. */
	if (age < 24 * 3600) {
		if (seconds)
			strftime(s, sizeof s, "%H:%M:%S", &tm);
		else
			strftime(s, sizeof s, "%H:%M", &tm);
		return (xstrdup(s));
	}

	/* This month or last 28 days. */
	if ((tm.tm_year == now_tm.tm_year && tm.tm_mon == now_tm.tm_mon) ||
	    age < 28 * 24 * 3600) {
		strftime(s, sizeof s, "%a%d", &tm);
		return (xstrdup(s));
	}

	/* Last 12 months. */
	if ((tm.tm_year == now_tm.tm_year && tm.tm_mon < now_tm.tm_mon) ||
	    (tm.tm_year == now_tm.tm_year - 1 && tm.tm_mon > now_tm.tm_mon)) {
		strftime(s, sizeof s, "%d%b", &tm);
		return (xstrdup(s));
	}

	/* Older than that. */
	strftime(s, sizeof s, "%h%y", &tm);
	return (xstrdup(s));
}

/* Make a relative time. */
static char *
format_relative_time(time_t t)
{
	time_t	now, age;
	u_int	d, h, m, s;
	char	out[32];

	time(&now);
	if (t > now)
		return (NULL);
	if (t == now)
		return (xstrdup("0s"));
	age = now - t;

	d = age / 86400;
	h = (age % 86400) / 3600;
	m = (age % 3600) / 60;
	s = age % 60;

	if (d != 0) {
		if (h != 0)
			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%ud%uh", d, h);
		else
			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%ud", d);
	} else if (h != 0) {
		if (m != 0)
			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%uh%um", h, m);
		else
			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%uh", h);
	} else if (m != 0) {
		if (s != 0)
			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%um%us", m, s);
		else
			xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%um", m);
	} else
		xsnprintf(out, sizeof out, "%us", s);
	return (xstrdup(out));
}

/* Make a time difference in seconds. */
static char *
format_time_difference(time_t t)
{
	time_t	 now = time(NULL);
	char	*out;

	xasprintf(&out, "%ld", (long)now - (long)t);
	return (out);
}

/* Find a format entry. */
static char *
format_find(struct format_tree *ft, const char *key, uint64_t modifiers,
    const char *time_format)
{
	const struct format_table_entry	*fte;
	void				*value;
	struct format_entry		*fe, fe_find;
	struct environ_entry		*envent;
	struct options_entry		*o;
	char				*found = NULL, *saved, s[512];
	char				*array_key = NULL;
	const char			*errstr;
	time_t				 t = 0;
	struct tm			 tm;

	o = options_parse_get(global_options, key, &array_key, 0);
	if (o == NULL && ft->wp != NULL)
		o = options_parse_get(ft->wp->options, key, &array_key, 0);
	if (o == NULL && ft->w != NULL)
		o = options_parse_get(ft->w->options, key, &array_key, 0);
	if (o == NULL)
		o = options_parse_get(global_w_options, key, &array_key, 0);
	if (o == NULL && ft->s != NULL)
		o = options_parse_get(ft->s->options, key, &array_key, 0);
	if (o == NULL)
		o = options_parse_get(global_s_options, key, &array_key, 0);
	if (o != NULL) {
		found = options_to_string(o, array_key, 1);
		free(array_key);
		goto found;
	}

	fte = format_table_get(key);
	if (fte != NULL) {
		value = fte->cb(ft);
		if (fte->type == FORMAT_TABLE_TIME && value != NULL)
			t = ((struct timeval *)value)->tv_sec;
		else
			found = value;
		goto found;
	}
	fe_find.key = (char *)key;
	fe = RB_FIND(format_entry_tree, &ft->tree, &fe_find);
	if (fe != NULL) {
		if (fe->time != 0) {
			t = fe->time;
			goto found;
		}
		if (fe->value == NULL && fe->cb != NULL) {
			fe->value = fe->cb(ft);
			if (fe->value == NULL)
				fe->value = xstrdup("");
		}
		found = xstrdup(fe->value);
		goto found;
	}

	if (~modifiers & FORMAT_TIMESTRING) {
		envent = NULL;
		if (ft->s != NULL)
			envent = environ_find(ft->s->environ, key);
		if (envent == NULL)
			envent = environ_find(global_environ, key);
		if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL) {
			found = xstrdup(envent->value);
			goto found;
		}
	}

	return (NULL);

found:
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_TIMESTRING) {
		if (t == 0 && found != NULL) {
			t = strtonum(found, 0, INT64_MAX, &errstr);
			if (errstr != NULL)
				t = 0;
			free(found);
		}
		if (t == 0)
			return (NULL);
		if (modifiers & FORMAT_RELATIVE)
			found = format_relative_time(t);
		else if (modifiers & FORMAT_DIFFERENCE)
			found = format_time_difference(t);
		else if (modifiers & FORMAT_PRETTY)
			found = format_pretty_time(t, 0);
		else {
			if (time_format != NULL) {
				if (localtime_r(&t, &tm) == NULL)
					return (NULL);
				format_strftime(s, sizeof s, time_format, &tm);
			} else {
				if (ctime_r(&t, s) == NULL)
					return (NULL);
				s[strcspn(s, "\n")] = '\0';
			}
			found = xstrdup(s);
		}
		return (found);
	}

	if (t != 0)
		xasprintf(&found, "%lld", (long long)t);
	else if (found == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_BASENAME) {
		saved = found;
		found = xstrdup(basename(saved));
		free(saved);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_DIRNAME) {
		saved = found;
		found = xstrdup(dirname(saved));
		free(saved);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_QUOTE_SHELL) {
		saved = found;
		found = format_quote_shell(saved);
		free(saved);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_QUOTE_SHELL_SQ) {
		saved = found;
		found = format_quote_shell_single(saved);
		free(saved);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_QUOTE_STYLE) {
		saved = found;
		found = format_quote_style(saved);
		free(saved);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_QUOTE_ARGUMENTS) {
		saved = found;
		found = args_escape(saved);
		free(saved);
	}
	return (found);
}

/* Check if format has not taken too long. */
static int
format_check_time(struct format_expand_state *es, u_int *check)
{
	uint64_t t;

	if (check != NULL && ++*check % FORMAT_TIME_LOOP_CHECK != 0)
		return (1);

	t = get_timer();
	if (t - es->start_time < FORMAT_TIME_LIMIT)
		return (1);
	t -= es->start_time;

	format_log(es, "reached time limit (%llu)", (unsigned long long)t);
	return (0);
}

/* Unescape escaped characters. */
static char *
format_unescape(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *s, size_t n)
{
	const char	*end = s + n;
	char		*out, *cp;
	int		 brackets = 0;
	u_int		 check = 0;

	cp = out = xmalloc(n + 1);
	for (; s != end; s++) {
		if (!format_check_time(es, &check)) {
			free(out);
			return (xstrdup(""));
		}
		if (*s == '#' && s + 1 != end && s[1] == '{')
			brackets++;
		if (brackets == 0 &&
		    *s == '#' &&
		    s + 1 != end &&
		    strchr(",#{}:", s[1]) != NULL) {
			*cp++ = *++s;
			continue;
		}
		if (*s == '}')
			brackets--;
		*cp++ = *s;
	}
	*cp = '\0';
	return (out);
}

/* Remove escaped characters. */
static char *
format_strip(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *s)
{
	char	*out, *cp;
	int	 brackets = 0;
	u_int	 check = 0;

	cp = out = xmalloc(strlen(s) + 1);
	for (; *s != '\0'; s++) {
		if (!format_check_time(es, &check)) {
			free(out);
			return (xstrdup(""));
		}
		if (*s == '#' && s[1] == '{')
			brackets++;
		if (*s == '#' && strchr(",#{}:", s[1]) != NULL) {
			if (brackets != 0)
				*cp++ = *s;
			continue;
		}
		if (*s == '}')
			brackets--;
		*cp++ = *s;
	}
	*cp = '\0';
	return (out);
}

/* Skip until end. */
static const char *
format_skip1(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *s, const char *end)
{
	int	brackets = 0;
	u_int	check = 0;

	if (es != NULL && !format_check_time(es, NULL))
		return (NULL);

	for (; *s != '\0'; s++) {
		if (es != NULL && !format_check_time(es, &check))
			return (NULL);
		if (*s == '#' && s[1] == '{')
			brackets++;
		if (*s == '#' &&
		    s[1] != '\0' &&
		    strchr(",#{}:", s[1]) != NULL) {
			s++;
			continue;
		}
		if (*s == '}')
			brackets--;
		if (strchr(end, *s) != NULL && brackets == 0)
			break;
	}
	if (*s == '\0')
		return (NULL);
	return (s);
}

/* Skip until end. */
const char *
format_skip(const char *s, const char *end)
{
    return (format_skip1(NULL, s, end));
}

/* Return left and right alternatives separated by commas. */
static int
format_choose(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *s, char **left,
    char **right, int expand)
{
	const char	*cp;
	char		*left0, *right0;

	cp = format_skip1(es, s, ",");
	if (cp == NULL)
		return (-1);
	left0 = xstrndup(s, cp - s);
	right0 = xstrdup(cp + 1);

	if (expand) {
		*left = format_expand1(es, left0);
		free(left0);
		*right = format_expand1(es, right0);
		free(right0);
	} else {
		*left = left0;
		*right = right0;
	}
	return (0);
}

/* Is this true? */
int
format_true(const char *s)
{
	if (s != NULL && *s != '\0' && (s[0] != '0' || s[1] != '\0'))
		return (1);
	return (0);
}

/* Check if modifier end. */
static int
format_is_end(char c)
{
	return (c == ';' || c == ':');
}

/* Add to modifier list. */
static void
format_add_modifier(struct format_modifier **list, u_int *count,
    const char *c, size_t n, char **argv, int argc)
{
	struct format_modifier *fm;

	*list = xreallocarray(*list, (*count) + 1, sizeof **list);
	fm = &(*list)[(*count)++];

	memcpy(fm->modifier, c, n);
	fm->modifier[n] = '\0';
	fm->size = n;

	fm->argv = argv;
	fm->argc = argc;
}

/* Free modifier list. */
static void
format_free_modifiers(struct format_modifier *list, u_int count)
{
	u_int	i;

	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
		cmd_free_argv(list[i].argc, list[i].argv);
	free(list);
}

/* Build modifier list. */
static struct format_modifier *
format_build_modifiers(struct format_expand_state *es, const char **s,
    u_int *count)
{
	const char		*cp = *s, *end;
	struct format_modifier	*list = NULL;
	char			 c, last[] = "X;:", **argv, *value;
	int			 argc;

	/*
	 * Modifiers are a ; separated list of the forms:
	 *	l,m,C,a,b,c,d,I,n,t,w,q,E,T,S,W,P,O,V,R,A,<,>
	 *	=a
	 *	=/a
	 *	=/a/
	 *	s/a/b/
	 *	s/a/b
	 *	||,&&,!=,==,<=,>=
	 */

	*count = 0;

	while (*cp != '\0' && *cp != ':') {
		/* Skip any separator character. */
		if (*cp == ';')
			cp++;
		if (*cp == '\0')
			break;

		/* Check single character modifiers with no arguments. */
		if (strchr("labdnwETSWPOVL!<>A", cp[0]) != NULL &&
		    format_is_end(cp[1])) {
			format_add_modifier(&list, count, cp, 1, NULL, 0);
			cp++;
			continue;
		}

		/* Then try double character with no arguments. */
		if ((memcmp("||", cp, 2) == 0 ||
		    memcmp("&&", cp, 2) == 0 ||
		    memcmp("!!", cp, 2) == 0 ||
		    memcmp("!=", cp, 2) == 0 ||
		    memcmp("==", cp, 2) == 0 ||
		    memcmp("<=", cp, 2) == 0 ||
		    memcmp(">=", cp, 2) == 0) &&
		    format_is_end(cp[2])) {
			format_add_modifier(&list, count, cp, 2, NULL, 0);
			cp += 2;
			continue;
		}

		/* Now try single character with arguments. */
		if (strchr("ImCLNPSOVst=pReqWcA", cp[0]) == NULL)
			break;
		c = cp[0];

		/* No arguments provided. */
		if (format_is_end(cp[1])) {
			format_add_modifier(&list, count, cp, 1, NULL, 0);
			cp++;
			continue;
		}
		argv = NULL;
		argc = 0;

		/* Single argument with no wrapper character. */
		if (!ispunct((u_char)cp[1]) || cp[1] == '-') {
			end = format_skip1(es, cp + 1, ":;");
			if (end == NULL)
				break;

			argv = xcalloc(1, sizeof *argv);
			value = format_unescape(es, cp + 1, end - (cp + 1));
			argv[0] = format_expand1(es, value);
			free(value);
			argc = 1;

			format_add_modifier(&list, count, &c, 1, argv, argc);
			cp = end;
			continue;
		}

		/* Multiple arguments with a wrapper character. */
		last[0] = cp[1];
		cp++;
		do {
			if (cp[0] == last[0] && format_is_end(cp[1])) {
				cp++;
				break;
			}
			end = format_skip1(es, cp + 1, last);
			if (end == NULL)
				break;
			cp++;

			argv = xreallocarray(argv, argc + 1, sizeof *argv);
			value = format_unescape(es, cp, end - cp);
			argv[argc++] = format_expand1(es, value);
			free(value);

			cp = end;
		} while (!format_is_end(cp[0]));
		format_add_modifier(&list, count, &c, 1, argv, argc);
	}
	if (*cp != ':') {
		format_free_modifiers(list, *count);
		*count = 0;
		return (NULL);
	}
	*s = cp + 1;
	return (list);
}

/* Match using the fuzzy matcher. */
static char *
format_match_fuzzy(const char *pattern, const char *text, int positions)
{
	struct evbuffer	*buffer;
	bitstr_t	*bs;
	char		*value;
	size_t		 size;
	u_int		 i, width;

	width = format_width(text);
	if (width == 0)
		width = 1;
	bs = fuzzy_match(pattern, text, width, NULL);
	if (bs == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(positions ? "" : "0"));

	if (!positions) {
		free(bs);
		return (xstrdup("1"));
	}

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");
	for (i = 0; i < width; i++) {
		if (!bit_test(bs, i))
			continue;
		if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer) != 0)
			evbuffer_add(buffer, ",", 1);
		evbuffer_add_printf(buffer, "%u", i);
	}
	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	free(bs);
	return (value);
}

/* Match against an fnmatch(3) pattern or regular expression. */
static char *
format_match(struct format_modifier *fm, const char *pattern, const char *text)
{
	const char	*s = "";
	regex_t		 r;
	int		 flags = 0;

	if (fm->argc >= 1)
		s = fm->argv[0];
	if (strchr(s, 'p') != NULL)
		return (format_match_fuzzy(pattern, text, 1));
	if (strchr(s, 'z') != NULL)
		return (format_match_fuzzy(pattern, text, 0));
	if (strchr(s, 'r') == NULL) {
		if (strchr(s, 'i') != NULL)
			flags |= FNM_CASEFOLD;
		if (fnmatch(pattern, text, flags) != 0)
			return (xstrdup("0"));
	} else {
		flags = REG_EXTENDED|REG_NOSUB;
		if (strchr(s, 'i') != NULL)
			flags |= REG_ICASE;
		if (regcomp(&r, pattern, flags) != 0)
			return (xstrdup("0"));
		if (regexec(&r, text, 0, NULL, 0) != 0) {
			regfree(&r);
			return (xstrdup("0"));
		}
		regfree(&r);
	}
	return (xstrdup("1"));
}

/* Perform substitution in string. */
static char *
format_sub(struct format_modifier *fm, const char *text, const char *pattern,
    const char *with)
{
	char	*value;
	int	 flags = REG_EXTENDED;

	if (fm->argc >= 3 && strchr(fm->argv[2], 'i') != NULL)
		flags |= REG_ICASE;
	value = regsub(pattern, with, text, flags);
	if (value == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(text));
	return (value);
}

/* Search inside pane. */
static char *
format_search(struct format_modifier *fm, struct window_pane *wp, const char *s)
{
	int	 ignore = 0, regex = 0;
	char	*value;

	if (fm->argc >= 1) {
		if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'i') != NULL)
			ignore = 1;
		if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'r') != NULL)
			regex = 1;
	}
	xasprintf(&value, "%u", window_pane_search(wp, s, regex, ignore));
	return (value);
}

/* Handle unary boolean operators, "!" and "!!". */
static char *
format_bool_op_1(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt, int not)
{
	int	 result;
	char	*expanded;

	expanded = format_expand1(es, fmt);
	result = format_true(expanded);
	if (not)
		result = !result;
	free(expanded);

	return (xstrdup(result ? "1" : "0"));
}

/* Handle n-ary boolean operators, "&&" and "||". */
static char *
format_bool_op_n(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt, int and)
{
	int		 result;
	const char	*cp1, *cp2;
	char		*raw, *expanded;

	result = and ? 1 : 0;
	cp1 = fmt;

	while (and ? result : !result) {
		cp2 = format_skip1(es, cp1, ",");

		if (cp2 == NULL)
			raw = xstrdup(cp1);
		else
			raw = xstrndup(cp1, cp2 - cp1);
		expanded = format_expand1(es, raw);
		free(raw);
		format_log(es, "operator %s has operand: %s",
		    and ? "&&" : "||", expanded);

		if (and)
			result = result && format_true(expanded);
		else
			result = result || format_true(expanded);
		free(expanded);

		if (cp2 == NULL)
			break;
		else
			cp1 = cp2 + 1;
	}

	return (xstrdup(result ? "1" : "0"));
}

/* Does session name exist? */
static char *
format_session_name(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	char		*name;
	struct session	*s;

	name = format_expand1(es, fmt);
	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
		if (strcmp(s->name, name) == 0) {
			free(name);
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		}
	}
	free(name);
	return (xstrdup("0"));
}

/* Loop over sessions. */
static char *
format_loop_sessions(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	struct sort_criteria		 *sc = &sort_crit;
	struct format_tree		 *ft = es->ft;
	struct client			 *c = ft->client;
	struct cmdq_item		 *item = ft->item;
	struct format_tree		 *nft;
	struct format_expand_state	  next;
	char				 *all, *active, *use, *expanded, *value;
	struct evbuffer			 *buffer;
	size_t				  size;
	struct session			 *s, **l;
	int				  i, n;

	if (format_choose(es, fmt, &all, &active, 0) != 0) {
		all = xstrdup(fmt);
		active = NULL;
	}

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	l = sort_get_sessions(&n, sc);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		s = l[i];
		format_log(es, "session loop: $%u", s->id);
		if (active != NULL &&
		    ft->c != NULL &&
		    ft->c->session != NULL &&
		    s->id == ft->c->session->id)
			use = active;
		else
			use = all;
		nft = format_create(c, item, FORMAT_NONE, ft->flags);

		format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%d", i);
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "%d", i == n - 1);

		format_defaults(nft, ft->c, s, NULL, NULL);
		format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
		next.ft = nft;

		expanded = format_expand1(&next, use);
		format_free(next.ft);

		evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
		free(expanded);
	}

	free(active);
	free(all);

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Does window name exist? */
static char *
format_window_name(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft = es->ft;
	char			*name;
	struct winlink		*wl;

	if (ft->s == NULL) {
		format_log(es, "window name but no session");
		return (NULL);
	}

	name = format_expand1(es, fmt);
	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
		if (strcmp(wl->window->name, name) == 0) {
			free(name);
			return (xstrdup("1"));
		}
	}
	free(name);
	return (xstrdup("0"));
}

/* Add neighbour window variables to the format tree. */
static void
format_add_window_neighbour(struct format_tree *nft, struct winlink *wl,
    struct session *s, const char *prefix)
{
	struct options_entry	*o;
	const char		*oname;
	char			*key, *prefixed, *oval;

	xasprintf(&key, "%s_window_index", prefix);
	format_add(nft, key, "%u", wl->idx);
	free(key);

	xasprintf(&key, "%s_window_active", prefix);
	format_add(nft, key, "%d", wl == s->curw);
	free(key);

	o = options_first(wl->window->options);
	while (o != NULL) {
		oname = options_name(o);
		if (*oname == '@') {
			xasprintf(&prefixed, "%s_%s", prefix, oname);
			oval = options_to_string(o, NULL, 1);
			format_add(nft, prefixed, "%s", oval);
			free(oval);
			free(prefixed);
		}
		o = options_next(o);
	}
}

/* Loop over windows. */
static char *
format_loop_windows(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	struct sort_criteria		*sc = &sort_crit;
	struct format_tree		*ft = es->ft;
	struct client			*c = ft->client;
	struct session			*s = ft->s;
	struct cmdq_item		*item = ft->item;
	struct format_tree		*nft;
	struct format_expand_state	 next;
	char				*all, *active, *use, *expanded, *value;
	struct evbuffer			*buffer;
	size_t				 size;
	struct winlink			*wl, **l;
	struct window			*w;
	int				 i, n;

	if (s == NULL) {
		format_log(es, "window loop but no session");
		return (NULL);
	}

	if (format_choose(es, fmt, &all, &active, 0) != 0) {
		all = xstrdup(fmt);
		active = NULL;
	}

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	l = sort_get_winlinks_session(s, &n, sc);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		wl = l[i];
		w = wl->window;
		format_log(es, "window loop: %u @%u", wl->idx, w->id);
		if (active != NULL && wl == s->curw)
			use = active;
		else
			use = all;
		nft = format_create(c, item, FORMAT_WINDOW|w->id, ft->flags);

		format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%d", i);
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "%d", i == n - 1);

		/* Add neighbour window data to the format tree. */
		if (i > 0 && l[i - 1] == s->curw)
			format_add(nft, "window_after_active", "1");
		else
			format_add(nft, "window_after_active", "0");
		if (i + 1 < n && l[i + 1] == s->curw)
			format_add(nft, "window_before_active", "1");
		else
			format_add(nft, "window_before_active", "0");
		if (i + 1 < n)
			format_add_window_neighbour(nft, l[i + 1], s, "next");
		if (i > 0)
			format_add_window_neighbour(nft, l[i - 1], s, "prev");

		format_defaults(nft, ft->c, s, wl, NULL);
		format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
		next.ft = nft;

		expanded = format_expand1(&next, use);
		format_free(nft);

		evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
		free(expanded);
	}

	free(active);
	free(all);

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Loop over panes. */
static char *
format_loop_panes(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	struct sort_criteria		*sc = &sort_crit;
	struct format_tree		*ft = es->ft;
	struct client			*c = ft->client;
	struct cmdq_item		*item = ft->item;
	struct format_tree		*nft;
	struct format_expand_state	 next;
	char				*all, *active, *use, *expanded, *value;
	struct evbuffer			*buffer;
	size_t				 size;
	struct window_pane		*wp, **l;
	int				  i, n;

	if (ft->w == NULL) {
		format_log(es, "pane loop but no window");
		return (NULL);
	}

	if (format_choose(es, fmt, &all, &active, 0) != 0) {
		all = xstrdup(fmt);
		active = NULL;
	}

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	l = sort_get_panes_window(ft->w, &n, sc);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		wp = l[i];
		format_log(es, "pane loop: %%%u", wp->id);
		if (active != NULL && wp == ft->w->active)
			use = active;
		else
			use = all;
		nft = format_create(c, item, FORMAT_PANE|wp->id, ft->flags);

		format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%d", i);
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "%d", i == n - 1);

		format_defaults(nft, ft->c, ft->s, ft->wl, wp);
		format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
		next.ft = nft;

		expanded = format_expand1(&next, use);
		format_free(nft);

		evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
		free(expanded);
	}

	free(active);
	free(all);

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Add an option to an options loop. */
static void
format_loop_add_option(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt,
    struct evbuffer *buffer, struct options_entry *o, u_int n, u_int i)
{
	struct format_tree			*ft = es->ft, *nft;
	struct format_expand_state		 next;
	const struct options_table_entry	*oe = options_table_entry(o);
	const char				*name = options_name(o);
	char					*expanded, *s;
	int					 is_array = options_is_array(o);

	format_log(es, "option loop: %s", name);
	nft = format_create(ft->client, ft->item, FORMAT_NONE, ft->flags);

	format_add(nft, "option_name", "%s", name);
	s = options_to_string(o, NULL, 0);
	format_add(nft, "option_value", "%s", s);
	free(s);

	format_add(nft, "option_is_array", "%d", is_array);
	format_add(nft, "option_array_key", "%s", "");
	format_add(nft, "option_array_index", "%s", "");
	format_add(nft, "option_array_first", "%d", is_array);
	format_add(nft, "option_array_last", "%d", is_array);
	format_add(nft, "option_array_count", "%u", n);

	if (oe != NULL && (oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK))
		format_add(nft, "option_is_hook", "1");
	else
		format_add(nft, "option_is_hook", "0");
	format_add(nft, "option_is_user", "%d", oe == NULL);

	if (options_next(o) == NULL)
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "1");
	else
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "0");
	format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%u", i);

	format_defaults(nft, ft->c, ft->s, ft->wl, ft->wp);
	format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
	next.ft = nft;

	expanded = format_expand1(&next, fmt);
	format_free(nft);
	evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
	free(expanded);
}

/* Add an array option item to an options loop. */
static void
format_loop_add_array_item(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt,
    struct evbuffer *buffer, struct options_entry *o,
    struct options_array_item *a, int n, u_int i)
{
	struct format_tree			*ft = es->ft, *nft;
	struct format_expand_state		 next;
	const struct options_table_entry	*oe = options_table_entry(o);
	const char				*name = options_name(o);
	const char				*array_key;
	char					*expanded, *s;

	array_key = options_array_item_key(a);
	format_log(es, "option loop: %s[%s]", name, array_key);
	nft = format_create(ft->client, ft->item, FORMAT_NONE, ft->flags);

	format_add(nft, "option_name", "%s", name);
	s = options_to_string(o, array_key, 0);
	format_add(nft, "option_value", "%s", s);
	free(s);

	format_add(nft, "option_is_array", "1");
	format_add(nft, "option_array_key", "%s", array_key);
	format_add(nft, "option_array_index", "%s", array_key);
	if (a == options_array_first(o))
		format_add(nft, "option_array_first", "1");
	else
		format_add(nft, "option_array_first", "0");
	if (options_array_next(a) == NULL)
		format_add(nft, "option_array_last", "1");
	else
		format_add(nft, "option_array_last", "0");
	format_add(nft, "option_array_count", "%u", n);

	if (oe != NULL && (oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK))
		format_add(nft, "option_is_hook", "1");
	else
		format_add(nft, "option_is_hook", "0");
	format_add(nft, "option_is_user", "%d", oe == NULL);

	if (options_array_next(a) == NULL && options_next(o) == NULL)
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "1");
	else
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "0");
	format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%u", i);

	format_defaults(nft, ft->c, ft->s, ft->wl, ft->wp);
	format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
	next.ft = nft;

	expanded = format_expand1(&next, fmt);
	format_free(nft);
	evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
	free(expanded);
}

/* Loop over options. */
static char *
format_loop_options(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt,
    const char *flags)
{
	struct format_tree		*ft = es->ft;
	struct options			*oo = NULL;
	struct options_entry		*o;
	struct options_array_item	*a;
	char				*value;
	struct evbuffer			*buffer;
	size_t				 size;
	u_int				 i = 0, n;
	int				 global = 0;

	if (flags == NULL || *flags == '\0')
		flags = "s";
	if (strchr(flags, 'v') != NULL)
		oo = global_options;
	else {
		if (strchr(flags, 'g') != NULL)
			global = 1;
		if (strchr(flags, 'w') != NULL) {
			if (global)
				oo = global_w_options;
			else if (ft->w != NULL)
				oo = ft->w->options;
		} else if (strchr(flags, 's') != NULL) {
			if (global)
				oo = global_s_options;
			else if (ft->s != NULL)
				oo = ft->s->options;
		} else if (strchr(flags, 'p') != NULL) {
			if (global)
				/* invalid */;
			else if (ft->wp != NULL)
				oo = ft->wp->options;
		} else if (global)
			oo = global_s_options;
	}
	if (oo == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	o = options_first(oo);
	while (o != NULL) {

		n = 0;
		if (options_is_array(o)) {
			a = options_array_first(o);
			while (a != NULL) {
				n++;
				a = options_array_next(a);
			}
		}

		if (!options_is_array(o) || n == 0) {
			format_loop_add_option(es, fmt, buffer, o, n, i);
			i++;
			o = options_next(o);
			continue;
		}

		a = options_array_first(o);
		while (a != NULL) {
			format_loop_add_array_item(es, fmt, buffer, o, a, n, i);
			i++;
			a = options_array_next(a);
		}
		o = options_next(o);
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Loop over an environment. */
static char *
format_loop_environ(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt,
    const char *flags)
{
	struct format_tree		*ft = es->ft, *nft;
	struct client			*c = ft->client;
	struct cmdq_item		*item = ft->item;
	struct format_expand_state	 next;
	struct environ			*env = NULL;
	struct environ_entry		*envent;
	char				*expanded, *value;
	struct evbuffer			*buffer;
	size_t				 size;
	u_int				 i = 0;

	if (flags == NULL || *flags == '\0' || strcmp(flags, "s") == 0) {
		if (ft->s != NULL)
			env = ft->s->environ;
	} else if (strcmp(flags, "g") == 0)
		env = global_environ;
	else if (strcmp(flags, "c") == 0) {
		if (ft->client != NULL)
			env = ft->client->environ;
	}
	if (env == NULL)
		return (xstrdup(""));

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	envent = environ_first(env);
	while (envent != NULL) {
		format_log(es, "environment loop: %s", envent->name);
		nft = format_create(c, item, FORMAT_NONE, ft->flags);

		format_add(nft, "environ_name", "%s", envent->name);
		if (envent->value == NULL)
			format_add(nft, "environ_value", "%s", "");
		else
			format_add(nft, "environ_value", "%s", envent->value);

		if (envent->flags & ENVIRON_HIDDEN)
			format_add(nft, "environ_hidden", "1");
		else
			format_add(nft, "environ_hidden", "0");
		format_add(nft, "environ_removed", "%d", envent->value == NULL);

		if (environ_next(envent) == NULL)
			format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "1");
		else
			format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "0");
		format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%u", i);

		format_defaults(nft, ft->c, ft->s, ft->wl, ft->wp);
		format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
		next.ft = nft;

		expanded = format_expand1(&next, fmt);
		format_free(nft);
		evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
		free(expanded);

		i++;
		envent = environ_next(envent);
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

/* Loop over clients. */
static char *
format_loop_clients(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	struct sort_criteria		 *sc = &sort_crit;
	struct format_tree		 *ft = es->ft;
	struct client			 *c, **l;
	struct cmdq_item		 *item = ft->item;
	struct format_tree		 *nft;
	struct format_expand_state	  next;
	char				 *expanded, *value;
	struct evbuffer			 *buffer;
	size_t				  size;
	int				  i, n;

	buffer = evbuffer_new();
	if (buffer == NULL)
		fatalx("out of memory");

	l = sort_get_clients(&n, sc);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		c = l[i];
		format_log(es, "client loop: %s", c->name);
		nft = format_create(c, item, 0, ft->flags);

		format_add(nft, "loop_index", "%d", i);
		format_add(nft, "loop_last_flag", "%d", i == n - 1);

		format_defaults(nft, c, ft->s, ft->wl, ft->wp);
		format_copy_state(&next, es, 0);
		next.ft = nft;

		expanded = format_expand1(&next, fmt);
		format_free(nft);
		evbuffer_add(buffer, expanded, strlen(expanded));
		free(expanded);
	}

	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer)) != 0)
		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer), size);
	else
		value = xstrdup("");
	evbuffer_free(buffer);
	return (value);
}

static char *
format_replace_expression(struct format_modifier *mexp,
    struct format_expand_state *es, const char *copy)
{
	int			 argc = mexp->argc;
	const char		*errstr;
	char			*endch, *value, *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
	int			 use_fp = 0;
	u_int			 prec = 0;
	double			 mleft, mright, result;
	enum { ADD,
	       SUBTRACT,
	       MULTIPLY,
	       DIVIDE,
	       MODULUS,
	       EQUAL,
	       NOT_EQUAL,
	       GREATER_THAN,
	       GREATER_THAN_EQUAL,
	       LESS_THAN,
	       LESS_THAN_EQUAL } operator;

	if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "+") == 0)
		operator = ADD;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "-") == 0)
		operator = SUBTRACT;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "*") == 0)
		operator = MULTIPLY;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "/") == 0)
		operator = DIVIDE;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "%") == 0 ||
	    strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "m") == 0)
		operator = MODULUS;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "==") == 0)
		operator = EQUAL;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "!=") == 0)
		operator = NOT_EQUAL;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], ">") == 0)
		operator = GREATER_THAN;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "<") == 0)
		operator = LESS_THAN;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], ">=") == 0)
		operator = GREATER_THAN_EQUAL;
	else if (strcmp(mexp->argv[0], "<=") == 0)
		operator = LESS_THAN_EQUAL;
	else {
		format_log(es, "expression has no valid operator: '%s'",
		    mexp->argv[0]);
		goto fail;
	}

	/* The second argument may be flags. */
	if (argc >= 2 && strchr(mexp->argv[1], 'f') != NULL) {
		use_fp = 1;
		prec = 2;
	}

	/* The third argument may be precision. */
	if (argc >= 3) {
		prec = strtonum(mexp->argv[2], -FORMAT_MAX_PRECISION,
		    FORMAT_MAX_PRECISION, &errstr);
		if (errstr != NULL) {
			format_log(es, "expression precision %s: %s", errstr,
			    mexp->argv[2]);
			goto fail;
		}
	}

	if (format_choose(es, copy, &left, &right, 1) != 0) {
		format_log(es, "expression syntax error");
		goto fail;
	}

	mleft = strtod(left, &endch);
	if (*endch != '\0') {
		format_log(es, "expression left side is invalid: %s", left);
		goto fail;
	}

	mright = strtod(right, &endch);
	if (*endch != '\0') {
		format_log(es, "expression right side is invalid: %s", right);
		goto fail;
	}

	if (!use_fp) {
		mleft = (long long)mleft;
		mright = (long long)mright;
	}
	format_log(es, "expression left side is: %.*f", prec, mleft);
	format_log(es, "expression right side is: %.*f", prec, mright);

	switch (operator) {
	case ADD:
		result = mleft + mright;
		break;
	case SUBTRACT:
		result = mleft - mright;
		break;
	case MULTIPLY:
		result = mleft * mright;
		break;
	case DIVIDE:
		result = mleft / mright;
		break;
	case MODULUS:
		result = fmod(mleft, mright);
		break;
	case EQUAL:
		result = fabs(mleft - mright) < 1e-9;
		break;
	case NOT_EQUAL:
		result = fabs(mleft - mright) > 1e-9;
		break;
	case GREATER_THAN:
		result = (mleft > mright);
		break;
	case GREATER_THAN_EQUAL:
		result = (mleft >= mright);
		break;
	case LESS_THAN:
		result = (mleft < mright);
		break;
	case LESS_THAN_EQUAL:
		result = (mleft <= mright);
		break;
	}
	if (use_fp)
		xasprintf(&value, "%.*f", prec, result);
	else
		xasprintf(&value, "%.*f", prec, (double)(long long)result);
	format_log(es, "expression result is %s", value);

	free(right);
	free(left);
	return (value);

fail:
	free(right);
	free(left);
	return (NULL);
}

/* Callback for the cycle timer; redraw the status line. */
static void
format_cycle_callback(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void *arg)
{
	struct client	*c = arg;

	if (c->message_string == NULL && c->prompt == NULL)
		c->flags |= CLIENT_REDRAWSTATUS;
}

/* Arm the cycle timer to redraw the status line if it is not already. */
static void
format_cycle_start_timer(struct client *c)
{
	struct timeval	tv;

	tv.tv_sec = FORMAT_CYCLE_PERIOD / 1000;
	tv.tv_usec = (FORMAT_CYCLE_PERIOD % 1000) * 1000L;

	if (!event_initialized(&c->cycle_timer))
		evtimer_set(&c->cycle_timer, format_cycle_callback, c);
	if (!evtimer_pending(&c->cycle_timer, NULL))
		evtimer_add(&c->cycle_timer, &tv);
}

/* Expand the "A" animation modifier; see the manual for the syntax. */
static char *
format_cycle(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *frames, u_int count)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft = es->ft;
	const char		*start, *end, *cp;
	u_int			 n, index, i;

	/*
	 * A cycle is only expanded in a status format, and never in the
	 * command or output of #() where it would change on every frame and
	 * make the job run again.
	 */
	if (!(ft->flags & FORMAT_STATUS) || (es->flags & FORMAT_EXPAND_NOCYCLE))
		return (xstrdup(""));
	if (*frames == '\0')
		return (xstrdup(""));

	/* Count the comma-separated frames (there is at least one). */
	n = 1;
	for (cp = frames; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
		if (*cp == ',')
			n++;
	}
	index = (es->start_time / (count * FORMAT_CYCLE_PERIOD)) % n;

	/*
	 * Redraw the status line so the frames advance on their own; a
	 * single frame never changes so there is nothing to redraw for.
	 */
	if (n > 1 && ft->client != NULL)
		format_cycle_start_timer(ft->client);

	/* Walk to the chosen frame and return a copy of it. */
	start = frames;
	for (i = 0; i < index; i++)
		start = strchr(start, ',') + 1;
	end = strchr(start, ',');
	if (end == NULL)
		end = start + strlen(start);
	return (xstrndup(start, end - start));
}

/* Replace a key. */
static int
format_replace(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *key, size_t keylen,
    char **buf, size_t *len, size_t *off)
{
	struct sort_criteria		 *sc = &sort_crit;
	struct format_tree		 *ft = es->ft;
	struct window_pane		 *wp = ft->wp;
	const char			 *errstr, *copy, *cp, *cp2;
	const char			 *marker = NULL;
	char				 *time_format = NULL;
	char				 *copy0, *condition, *found, *new;
	char				 *value, *left, *right;
	size_t				  n;
	uint64_t			  modifiers = 0;
	int				  limit = 0, width = 0;
	int				  j, c;
	struct format_modifier		 *list, *cmp = NULL, *search = NULL;
	struct format_modifier		**sub = NULL, *mexp = NULL, *fm;
	struct format_modifier		 *bool_op_n = NULL;
	u_int				  cycle_count = 1;
	u_int				  i, count, nsub = 0, nrep;
	const char			 *loop_flags = "";
	struct format_expand_state	  next;
	struct environ_entry		 *envent;

	/* Set sorting defaults. */
	sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
	sc->reversed = 0;

	/* Make a copy of the key. */
	copy = copy0 = xstrndup(key, keylen);

	/* Process modifier list. */
	list = format_build_modifiers(es, &copy, &count);
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		fm = &list[i];
		if (format_logging(ft)) {
			format_log(es, "modifier %u is %s", i, fm->modifier);
			for (j = 0; j < fm->argc; j++) {
				format_log(es, "modifier %u argument %d: %s", i,
				    j, fm->argv[j]);
			}
		}
		if (fm->size == 1) {
			switch (fm->modifier[0]) {
			case 'm':
			case '<':
			case '>':
				cmp = fm;
				break;
			case '!':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_NOT;
				break;
			case 'C':
				search = fm;
				break;
			case 's':
				if (fm->argc < 2)
					break;
				sub = xreallocarray(sub, nsub + 1, sizeof *sub);
				sub[nsub++] = fm;
				break;
			case '=':
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					break;
				limit = strtonum(fm->argv[0], -FORMAT_MAX_WIDTH,
				    FORMAT_MAX_WIDTH, &errstr);
				if (errstr != NULL)
					limit = 0;
				if (fm->argc >= 2 && fm->argv[1] != NULL)
					marker = fm->argv[1];
				break;
			case 'p':
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					break;
				width = strtonum(fm->argv[0], -FORMAT_MAX_WIDTH,
				    FORMAT_MAX_WIDTH, &errstr);
				if (errstr != NULL)
					width = 0;
				break;
			case 'A':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_CYCLE;
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					break;
				cycle_count = strtonum(fm->argv[0], 1, 100,
				    &errstr);
				if (errstr != NULL)
					cycle_count = 1;
				break;
			case 'w':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_WIDTH;
				break;
			case 'e':
				if (fm->argc < 1 || fm->argc > 3)
					break;
				mexp = fm;
				break;
			case 'l':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_LITERAL;
				break;
			case 'a':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_CHARACTER;
				break;
			case 'b':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_BASENAME;
				break;
			case 'c':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_COLOUR;
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					break;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'f') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_FG;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'b') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_BG;
				break;
			case 'd':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_DIRNAME;
				break;
			case 'n':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_LENGTH;
				break;
			case 'I':
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					break;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'f') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'c') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'e') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON;
				break;
			case 't':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_TIMESTRING;
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					break;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'p') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_PRETTY;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'r') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_RELATIVE;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'd') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_DIFFERENCE;
				else if (fm->argc >= 2 &&
				    strchr(fm->argv[0], 'f') != NULL) {
					free(time_format);
					time_format = format_strip(es,
					    fm->argv[1]);
				}
				break;
			case 'q':
				if (fm->argc < 1)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_QUOTE_SHELL;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 's') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_QUOTE_SHELL_SQ;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'e') != NULL ||
				    strchr(fm->argv[0], 'h') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_QUOTE_STYLE;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'a') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_QUOTE_ARGUMENTS;
				break;
			case 'E':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_EXPAND;
				break;
			case 'T':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_EXPANDTIME;
				break;
			case 'N':
				if (fm->argc < 1 ||
				    strchr(fm->argv[0], 'w') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_WINDOW_NAME;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 's') != NULL)
					modifiers |= FORMAT_SESSION_NAME;
				break;
			case 'S':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_SESSIONS;
				if (fm->argc < 1) {
					sc->order= SORT_INDEX;
					sc->reversed = 0;
					break;
				}
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'i') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_INDEX;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'n') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_NAME;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 't') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_ACTIVITY;
				else
					sc->order = SORT_INDEX;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'r') != NULL)
					sc->reversed = 1;
				else
					sc->reversed = 0;
				break;
			case 'W':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_WINDOWS;
				if (fm->argc < 1) {
					sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
					sc->reversed = 0;
					break;
				}
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'i') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'n') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_NAME;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 't') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_ACTIVITY;
				else
					sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'r') != NULL)
					sc->reversed = 1;
				else
					sc->reversed = 0;
				break;
			case 'P':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_PANES;
				sc->order = SORT_CREATION;
				if (fm->argc < 1) {
					sc->reversed = 0;
					break;
				}
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'i') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_INDEX;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'z') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_Z;
				else
					sc->order = SORT_CREATION;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'r') != NULL)
					sc->reversed = 1;
				else
					sc->reversed = 0;
				break;
			case 'O':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_OPTIONS;
				if (fm->argc == 1)
					loop_flags = fm->argv[0];
				break;
			case 'V':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_ENVIRON;
				if (fm->argc == 1)
					loop_flags = fm->argv[0];
				break;
			case 'L':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_CLIENTS;
				if (fm->argc < 1) {
					sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
					sc->reversed = 0;
					break;
				}
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'i') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'n') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_NAME;
				else if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 't') != NULL)
					sc->order = SORT_ACTIVITY;
				else
					sc->order = SORT_ORDER;
				if (strchr(fm->argv[0], 'r') != NULL)
					sc->reversed = 1;
				else
					sc->reversed = 0;
				break;
			case 'R':
				modifiers |= FORMAT_REPEAT;
				break;
			}
		} else if (fm->size == 2) {
			if (strcmp(fm->modifier, "||") == 0 ||
			    strcmp(fm->modifier, "&&") == 0)
				bool_op_n = fm;
			else if (strcmp(fm->modifier, "!!") == 0)
				modifiers |= FORMAT_NOT_NOT;
			else if (strcmp(fm->modifier, "==") == 0 ||
			    strcmp(fm->modifier, "!=") == 0 ||
			    strcmp(fm->modifier, ">=") == 0 ||
			    strcmp(fm->modifier, "<=") == 0)
				cmp = fm;
		}
	}

	/* Look up client capability, feature or environment. */
	if ((modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP) ||
	    (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT) ||
	    (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON)) {
		if (ft->c == NULL ||
		    ft->c->tty.term == NULL ||
		    ft->c->flags & CLIENT_UNATTACHEDFLAGS) {
			value = xstrdup("");
			goto done;
		}
		if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMCAP) {
			if (tty_term_has_name(ft->c->tty.term, copy))
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		}
		if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_TERMFEAT) {
			if (tty_feature_present(ft->c->tty.term, copy))
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		}
		if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENT_ENVIRON) {
			envent = environ_find(ft->c->environ, copy);
			if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL)
				value = xstrdup(envent->value);
			else
				value = xstrdup("");
		}
		goto done;
	}

	/* Is this an animation cycle? */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_CYCLE) {
		value = format_cycle(es, copy, cycle_count);
		format_log(es, "cycle '%s' is: %s", copy, value);
		goto done;
	}

	/* Is this a literal string? */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_LITERAL) {
		format_log(es, "literal string is '%s'", copy);
		value = format_unescape(es, copy, strlen(copy));
		goto done;
	}

	/* Is this a character? */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_CHARACTER) {
		new = format_expand1(es, copy);
		c = strtonum(new, 32, 126, &errstr);
		if (errstr != NULL)
			value = xstrdup("");
		else
			xasprintf(&value, "%c", c);
		free(new);
		goto done;
	}

	/* Is this a colour? */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_COLOUR) {
		new = format_expand1(es, copy);
		if (modifiers & (FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_FG|FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_BG)) {
			if (strcasecmp(new, "none") == 0)
				value = xstrdup("\033[0m");
			else if ((c = colour_fromstring(new)) == -1)
				value = xstrdup("");
			else {
				if (modifiers & FORMAT_COLOUR_ESC_BG)
					cp = colour_toescape(ft->c, c, 1);
				else
					cp = colour_toescape(ft->c, c, 0);
				if (cp == NULL)
					value = xstrdup("");
				else
					value = xstrdup(cp);
			}
		} else {
			c = colour_fromstring(new);
			if (c == -1 || (c = colour_force_rgb(c)) == -1)
				value = xstrdup("");
			else
				xasprintf(&value, "%06x", c & 0xffffff);
		}
		free(new);
		goto done;
	}

	/* Is this a loop, operator, comparison or condition? */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_SESSIONS) {
		value = format_loop_sessions(es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_WINDOWS) {
		value = format_loop_windows(es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_PANES) {
		value = format_loop_panes(es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_CLIENTS) {
		value = format_loop_clients(es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_OPTIONS) {
		value = format_loop_options(es, copy, loop_flags);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_ENVIRON) {
		value = format_loop_environ(es, copy, loop_flags);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_WINDOW_NAME) {
		value = format_window_name(es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_SESSION_NAME) {
		value = format_session_name(es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			goto fail;
	} else if (search != NULL) {
		/* Search in pane. */
		new = format_expand1(es, copy);
		if (wp == NULL) {
			format_log(es, "search '%s' but no pane", new);
			value = xstrdup("0");
		} else {
			format_log(es, "search '%s' pane %%%u", new, wp->id);
			value = format_search(search, wp, new);
		}
		free(new);
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_REPEAT) {
		/* Repeat multiple times. */
		if (format_choose(es, copy, &left, &right, 1) != 0) {
			format_log(es, "repeat syntax error: %s", copy);
			goto fail;
		}
		nrep = strtonum(right, 1, FORMAT_MAX_REPEAT, &errstr);
		if (errstr != NULL)
			value = xstrdup("");
		else {
			n = strlen(left);
			if (n != 0 && nrep > FORMAT_MAX_REPEAT_SIZE / n) {
				format_log(es, "repeat is too long: %s", copy);
				value = xstrdup("");
			} else {
				value = xmalloc((nrep * n) + 1);
				for (i = 0; i < nrep; i++)
					memcpy(value + (i * n), left, n);
				value[nrep * n] = '\0';
			}
		}
		free(right);
		free(left);
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_NOT) {
		value = format_bool_op_1(es, copy, 1);
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_NOT_NOT) {
		value = format_bool_op_1(es, copy, 0);
	} else if (bool_op_n != NULL) {
		/* n-ary boolean operator. */
		if (strcmp(bool_op_n->modifier, "||") == 0)
			value = format_bool_op_n(es, copy, 0);
		else if (strcmp(bool_op_n->modifier, "&&") == 0)
			value = format_bool_op_n(es, copy, 1);
	} else if (cmp != NULL) {
		/* Comparison of left and right. */
		if (format_choose(es, copy, &left, &right, 1) != 0) {
			format_log(es, "compare %s syntax error: %s",
			    cmp->modifier, copy);
			goto fail;
		}
		format_log(es, "compare %s left is: %s", cmp->modifier, left);
		format_log(es, "compare %s right is: %s", cmp->modifier, right);

		if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, "==") == 0) {
			if (strcmp(left, right) == 0)
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		} else if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, "!=") == 0) {
			if (strcmp(left, right) != 0)
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		} else if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, "<") == 0) {
			if (strcmp(left, right) < 0)
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		} else if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, ">") == 0) {
			if (strcmp(left, right) > 0)
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		} else if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, "<=") == 0) {
			if (strcmp(left, right) <= 0)
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		} else if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, ">=") == 0) {
			if (strcmp(left, right) >= 0)
				value = xstrdup("1");
			else
				value = xstrdup("0");
		} else if (strcmp(cmp->modifier, "m") == 0)
			value = format_match(cmp, left, right);

		free(right);
		free(left);
	} else if (*copy == '?') {
		/*
		 * Conditional: For each pair of (condition, value), check the
		 * condition and return the value if true. If no condition
		 * matches, return the last unpaired arg if there is one, or the
		 * empty string if not.
		 */
		cp = copy + 1;
		while (1) {
			cp2 = format_skip1(es, cp, ",");
			if (cp2 == NULL) {
				format_log(es,
				    "no condition matched in '%s'; using last "
				    "arg", copy + 1);
				value = format_expand1(es, cp);
				break;
			}

			condition = xstrndup(cp, cp2 - cp);
			format_log(es, "condition is: %s", condition);

			found = format_find(ft, condition, modifiers,
			    time_format);
			if (found == NULL) {
				/*
				 * If the condition not found, try to expand it.
				 * If the expansion doesn't have any effect,
				 * then assume false.
				 */
				found = format_expand1(es, condition);
				if (strcmp(found, condition) == 0) {
					free(found);
					found = xstrdup("");
					format_log(es,
					    "condition '%s' not found; "
					    "assuming false",
					    condition);
				}
			} else {
				format_log(es, "condition '%s' found: %s",
				    condition, found);
			}

			cp = cp2 + 1;
			cp2 = format_skip1(es, cp, ",");
			if (format_true(found)) {
				format_log(es, "condition '%s' is true",
				    condition);
				if (cp2 == NULL)
					value = format_expand1(es, cp);
				else {
					right = xstrndup(cp, cp2 - cp);
					value = format_expand1(es, right);
					free(right);
				}
				free(condition);
				free(found);
				break;
			} else {
				format_log(es, "condition '%s' is false",
				    condition);
			}

			free(condition);
			free(found);

			if (cp2 == NULL) {
				format_log(es,
				    "no condition matched in '%s'; using empty "
				    "string", copy + 1);
				value = xstrdup("");
				break;
			}

			cp = cp2 + 1;
		}
	} else if (mexp != NULL) {
		value = format_replace_expression(mexp, es, copy);
		if (value == NULL)
			value = xstrdup("");
	} else {
		if (strstr(copy, "#{") != 0) {
			format_log(es, "expanding inner format '%s'", copy);
			value = format_expand1(es, copy);
		} else {
			value = format_find(ft, copy, modifiers, time_format);
			if (value == NULL) {
				format_log(es, "format '%s' not found", copy);
				value = xstrdup("");
			} else {
				format_log(es, "format '%s' found: %s", copy,
				    value);
			}
		}
	}

done:
	/* Expand again if required. */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_EXPAND) {
		new = format_expand1(es, value);
		free(value);
		value = new;
	} else if (modifiers & FORMAT_EXPANDTIME) {
		format_copy_state(&next, es, FORMAT_EXPAND_TIME);
		new = format_expand1(&next, value);
		free(value);
		value = new;
	}

	/* Perform substitution if any. */
	for (i = 0; i < nsub; i++) {
		left = format_expand1(es, sub[i]->argv[0]);
		right = format_expand1(es, sub[i]->argv[1]);
		new = format_sub(sub[i], value, left, right);
		format_log(es, "substitute '%s' to '%s': %s", left, right, new);
		free(value);
		value = new;
		free(right);
		free(left);
	}

	/* Truncate the value if needed. */
	if (limit > 0) {
		new = format_trim_left(value, limit);
		if (marker != NULL && strcmp(new, value) != 0) {
			free(value);
			xasprintf(&value, "%s%s", new, marker);
			free(new);
		} else {
			free(value);
			value = new;
		}
		format_log(es, "applied length limit %d: %s", limit, value);
	} else if (limit < 0) {
		new = format_trim_right(value, -limit);
		if (marker != NULL && strcmp(new, value) != 0) {
			free(value);
			xasprintf(&value, "%s%s", marker, new);
			free(new);
		} else {
			free(value);
			value = new;
		}
		format_log(es, "applied length limit %d: %s", limit, value);
	}

	/* Pad the value if needed. */
	if (width > 0) {
		new = utf8_padcstr(value, width);
		free(value);
		value = new;
		format_log(es, "applied padding width %d: %s", width, value);
	} else if (width < 0) {
		new = utf8_rpadcstr(value, -width);
		free(value);
		value = new;
		format_log(es, "applied padding width %d: %s", width, value);
	}

	/* Replace with the length or width if needed. */
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_LENGTH) {
		xasprintf(&new, "%zu", strlen(value));
		free(value);
		value = new;
		format_log(es, "replacing with length: %s", new);
	}
	if (modifiers & FORMAT_WIDTH) {
		xasprintf(&new, "%u", format_width(value));
		free(value);
		value = new;
		format_log(es, "replacing with width: %s", new);
	}

	/* Expand the buffer and copy in the value. */
	n = strlen(value);
	while (*len - *off < n + 1) {
		*buf = xreallocarray(*buf, 2, *len);
		*len *= 2;
	}
	memcpy(*buf + *off, value, n);
	*off += n;

	format_log(es, "replaced '%s' with '%s'", copy0, value);
	free(value);

	free(sub);
	format_free_modifiers(list, count);
	free(copy0);
	free(time_format);
	return (0);

fail:
	format_log(es, "failed %s", copy0);

	free(sub);
	format_free_modifiers(list, count);
	free(copy0);
	free(time_format);
	return (-1);
}

/* Expand keys in a template. */
static char *
format_expand1(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft = es->ft;
	char			*buf, *out, *name;
	const char		*ptr, *s, *style_end = NULL;
	size_t			 off, len, n, outlen;
	int			 ch, brackets;
	char			 expanded[8192];

	if (fmt == NULL || *fmt == '\0' || !format_check_time(es, NULL))
		return (xstrdup(""));

	if (es->loop == FORMAT_LOOP_LIMIT) {
		format_log(es, "reached loop limit (%u)", FORMAT_LOOP_LIMIT);
		return (xstrdup(""));
	}
	es->loop++;

	format_log(es, "expanding format: %s", fmt);

	if ((es->flags & FORMAT_EXPAND_TIME) && strchr(fmt, '%') != NULL) {
		if (es->time == 0) {
			es->time = time(NULL);
			localtime_r(&es->time, &es->tm);
		}
		if (format_strftime(expanded, sizeof expanded, fmt,
		    &es->tm) == 0) {
			format_log(es, "format is too long");
			return (xstrdup(""));
		}
		if (format_logging(ft) && strcmp(expanded, fmt) != 0)
			format_log(es, "after time expanded: %s", expanded);
		fmt = expanded;
	}

	len = 64;
	buf = xmalloc(len);
	off = 0;

	while (*fmt != '\0') {
		if (*fmt != '#') {
			while (len - off < 2) {
				buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
				len *= 2;
			}
			buf[off++] = *fmt++;
			continue;
		}
		if (*++fmt == '\0')
			break;

		ch = (u_char)*fmt++;
		switch (ch) {
		case '(':
			brackets = 1;
			for (ptr = fmt; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
				if (*ptr == '(')
					brackets++;
				if (*ptr == ')' && --brackets == 0)
					break;
			}
			if (*ptr != ')' || brackets != 0)
				break;
			n = ptr - fmt;

			name = xstrndup(fmt, n);
			format_log(es, "found #(): %s", name);

			if ((ft->flags & FORMAT_NOJOBS) ||
			    (es->flags & FORMAT_EXPAND_NOJOBS)) {
				out = xstrdup("");
				format_log(es, "#() is disabled");
			} else {
				out = format_job_get(es, name);
				format_log(es, "#() result: %s", out);
			}
			free(name);

			outlen = strlen(out);
			while (len - off < outlen + 1) {
				buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
				len *= 2;
			}
			memcpy(buf + off, out, outlen);
			off += outlen;

			free(out);

			fmt += n + 1;
			continue;
		case '{':
			ptr = format_skip1(es, (char *)fmt - 2, "}");
			if (ptr == NULL)
				break;
			n = ptr - fmt;

			format_log(es, "found #{}: %.*s", (int)n, fmt);
			if (format_replace(es, fmt, n, &buf, &len, &off) != 0)
				break;
			fmt += n + 1;
			continue;
		case '[':
		case '#':
			/*
			 * If ##[ (with two or more #s), then it is a style and
			 * can be left for format_draw to handle.
			 */
			ptr = fmt - (ch == '[');
			n = 2 - (ch == '[');
			while (*ptr == '#') {
				ptr++;
				n++;
			}
			if (*ptr == '[') {
				style_end = format_skip1(es, fmt - 2, "]");
				format_log(es, "found #*%zu[", n);
				while (len - off < n + 2) {
					buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
					len *= 2;
				}
				memcpy(buf + off, fmt - 2, n + 1);
				off += n + 1;
				fmt = ptr + 1;
				continue;
			}
			if (ch == '#') {
				while (len - off < (n / 2) + 1) {
					buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
					len *= 2;
				}
				memset(buf + off, '#', n / 2);
				off += (n / 2);
				if (n % 2 != 0)
					fmt = ptr - 1;
				else
					fmt = ptr;
				continue;
			}
			/* FALLTHROUGH */
		case '}':
		case ',':
			format_log(es, "found #%c", ch);
			while (len - off < 2) {
				buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
				len *= 2;
			}
			buf[off++] = ch;
			continue;
		default:
			s = NULL;
			if (fmt > style_end) { /* skip inside #[] */
				if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
					s = format_upper[ch - 'A'];
				else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
					s = format_lower[ch - 'a'];
			}
			if (s == NULL) {
				while (len - off < 3) {
					buf = xreallocarray(buf, 2, len);
					len *= 2;
				}
				buf[off++] = '#';
				buf[off++] = ch;
				continue;
			}
			n = strlen(s);
			format_log(es, "found #%c: %s", ch, s);
			if (format_replace(es, s, n, &buf, &len, &off) != 0)
				break;
			continue;
		}

		break;
	}
	buf[off] = '\0';

	format_log(es, "result is: %s", buf);
	es->loop--;

	return (buf);
}

/* Expand keys in a template, passing through strftime first. */
char *
format_expand_time(struct format_tree *ft, const char *fmt)
{
	struct format_expand_state	es;

	memset(&es, 0, sizeof es);
	es.ft = ft;
	es.flags = FORMAT_EXPAND_TIME;
	es.start_time = get_timer();
	return (format_expand1(&es, fmt));
}

/* Expand keys in a template. */
char *
format_expand(struct format_tree *ft, const char *fmt)
{
	struct format_expand_state	es;

	memset(&es, 0, sizeof es);
	es.ft = ft;
	es.flags = 0;
	es.start_time = get_timer();
	return (format_expand1(&es, fmt));
}

/* Expand a single string. */
char *
format_single(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *fmt, struct client *c,
    struct session *s, struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft;
	char			*expanded;

	ft = format_create_defaults(item, c, s, wl, wp);
	expanded = format_expand(ft, fmt);
	format_free(ft);
	return (expanded);
}

/* Expand a single string using state. */
char *
format_single_from_state(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *fmt,
    struct client *c, struct cmd_find_state *fs)
{
	return (format_single(item, fmt, c, fs->s, fs->wl, fs->wp));
}

/* Expand a single string using target. */
char *
format_single_from_target(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *fmt)
{
	struct client	*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);

	return (format_single_from_state(item, fmt, tc, cmdq_get_target(item)));
}

/* Create and add defaults. */
struct format_tree *
format_create_defaults(struct cmdq_item *item, struct client *c,
    struct session *s, struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
{
	struct format_tree	*ft;

	if (item != NULL)
		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
	else
		ft = format_create(NULL, item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
	format_defaults(ft, c, s, wl, wp);
	return (ft);
}

/* Create and add defaults using state. */
struct format_tree *
format_create_from_state(struct cmdq_item *item, struct client *c,
    struct cmd_find_state *fs)
{
	return (format_create_defaults(item, c, fs->s, fs->wl, fs->wp));
}

/* Create and add defaults using target. */
struct format_tree *
format_create_from_target(struct cmdq_item *item)
{
	struct client	*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);

	return (format_create_from_state(item, tc, cmdq_get_target(item)));
}

/* Set defaults for any of arguments that are not NULL. */
void
format_defaults(struct format_tree *ft, struct client *c, struct session *s,
    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
{
	struct paste_buffer	*pb;

	if (c != NULL && c->name != NULL)
		log_debug("%s: c=%s", __func__, c->name);
	else
		log_debug("%s: c=none", __func__);
	if (s != NULL)
		log_debug("%s: s=$%u", __func__, s->id);
	else
		log_debug("%s: s=none", __func__);
	if (wl != NULL)
		log_debug("%s: wl=%u", __func__, wl->idx);
	else
		log_debug("%s: wl=none", __func__);
	if (wp != NULL)
		log_debug("%s: wp=%%%u", __func__, wp->id);
	else
		log_debug("%s: wp=none", __func__);

	if (c != NULL && s != NULL && c->session != s)
		log_debug("%s: session does not match", __func__);

	if (wp != NULL)
		ft->type = FORMAT_TYPE_PANE;
	else if (wl != NULL)
		ft->type = FORMAT_TYPE_WINDOW;
	else if (s != NULL)
		ft->type = FORMAT_TYPE_SESSION;
	else
		ft->type = FORMAT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;

	if (s == NULL && c != NULL)
		s = c->session;
	if (wl == NULL && s != NULL)
		wl = s->curw;
	if (wp == NULL && wl != NULL)
		wp = wl->window->active;

	if (c != NULL)
		format_defaults_client(ft, c);
	if (s != NULL)
		format_defaults_session(ft, s);
	if (wl != NULL)
		format_defaults_winlink(ft, wl);
	if (wp != NULL)
		format_defaults_pane(ft, wp);

	pb = paste_get_top(NULL);
	if (pb != NULL)
		format_defaults_paste_buffer(ft, pb);
}

/* Set default format keys for a session. */
static void
format_defaults_session(struct format_tree *ft, struct session *s)
{
	ft->s = s;
}

/* Set default format keys for a client. */
static void
format_defaults_client(struct format_tree *ft, struct client *c)
{
	if (ft->s == NULL)
		ft->s = c->session;
	ft->c = c;
}

/* Set default format keys for a window. */
void
format_defaults_window(struct format_tree *ft, struct window *w)
{
	ft->w = w;
}

/* Set default format keys for a winlink. */
static void
format_defaults_winlink(struct format_tree *ft, struct winlink *wl)
{
	if (ft->w == NULL)
		format_defaults_window(ft, wl->window);
	ft->wl = wl;
}

/* Set default format keys for a window pane. */
void
format_defaults_pane(struct format_tree *ft, struct window_pane *wp)
{
	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;

	if (ft->w == NULL)
		format_defaults_window(ft, wp->window);
	ft->wp = wp;

	wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
	if (wme != NULL && wme->mode->formats != NULL)
		wme->mode->formats(wme, ft);
}

/* Set default format keys for paste buffer. */
void
format_defaults_paste_buffer(struct format_tree *ft, struct paste_buffer *pb)
{
	ft->pb = pb;
}

static int
format_is_word_separator(const char *ws, const struct grid_cell *gc)
{
	if (utf8_cstrhas(ws, &gc->data))
		return (1);
	if (gc->flags & GRID_FLAG_TAB)
		return (1);
	return gc->data.size == 1 && *gc->data.data == ' ';
}

/* Return word at given coordinates. Caller frees. */
char *
format_grid_word(struct grid *gd, u_int x, u_int y)
{
	const struct grid_line	*gl;
	struct grid_cell	 gc;
	const char		*ws;
	struct utf8_data	*ud = NULL;
	u_int			 end;
	size_t			 size = 0;
	int			 found = 0;
	char			*s = NULL;

	ws = options_get_string(global_s_options, "word-separators");

	for (;;) {
		grid_get_cell(gd, x, y, &gc);
		if ((~gc.flags & GRID_FLAG_PADDING) &&
		    format_is_word_separator(ws, &gc)) {
			found = 1;
			break;
		}

		if (x == 0) {
			if (y == 0)
				break;
			gl = grid_peek_line(gd, y - 1);
			if (~gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED)
				break;
			y--;
			x = grid_line_length(gd, y);
			if (x == 0)
				break;
		}
		x--;
	}
	for (;;) {
		if (found) {
			end = grid_line_length(gd, y);
			if (end == 0 || x == end - 1) {
				if (y == gd->hsize + gd->sy - 1)
					break;
				gl = grid_peek_line(gd, y);
				if (~gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED)
					break;
				y++;
				x = 0;
			} else
				x++;
		}
		found = 1;

		grid_get_cell(gd, x, y, &gc);
		if (gc.flags & GRID_FLAG_PADDING)
			continue;
		if (format_is_word_separator(ws, &gc))
			break;

		ud = xreallocarray(ud, size + 2, sizeof *ud);
		memcpy(&ud[size++], &gc.data, sizeof *ud);
	}
	if (size != 0) {
		ud[size].size = 0;
		s = utf8_tocstr(ud);
		free(ud);
	}
	return (s);
}

/* Return line at given coordinates. Caller frees. */
char *
format_grid_line(struct grid *gd, u_int y)
{
	struct grid_cell	 gc;
	struct utf8_data	*ud = NULL;
	u_int			 x;
	size_t			 size = 0;
	char			*s = NULL;

	for (x = 0; x < grid_line_length(gd, y); x++) {
		grid_get_cell(gd, x, y, &gc);
		if (gc.flags & GRID_FLAG_PADDING)
			continue;

		ud = xreallocarray(ud, size + 2, sizeof *ud);
		if (gc.flags & GRID_FLAG_TAB)
			utf8_set(&ud[size++], '\t');
		else
			memcpy(&ud[size++], &gc.data, sizeof *ud);
	}
	if (size != 0) {
		ud[size].size = 0;
		s = utf8_tocstr(ud);
		free(ud);
	}
	return (s);
}

/* Return hyperlink at given coordinates. Caller frees. */
char *
format_grid_hyperlink(struct grid *gd, u_int x, u_int y, struct screen* s)
{
	const char		*uri;
	struct grid_cell	 gc;

	for (;;) {
		grid_get_cell(gd, x, y, &gc);
		if (~gc.flags & GRID_FLAG_PADDING)
			break;
		if (x == 0)
			return (NULL);
		x--;
	}
	if (s->hyperlinks == NULL || gc.link == 0)
		return (NULL);
	if (!hyperlinks_get(s->hyperlinks, gc.link, &uri, NULL, NULL))
		return (NULL);
	return (xstrdup(uri));
}