diff --git a/core/trino-main/src/main/java/io/trino/operator/scalar/MathFunctions.java b/core/trino-main/src/main/java/io/trino/operator/scalar/MathFunctions.java
index 921bd3bd7514..aaea7d5d4570 100644
--- a/core/trino-main/src/main/java/io/trino/operator/scalar/MathFunctions.java
+++ b/core/trino-main/src/main/java/io/trino/operator/scalar/MathFunctions.java
@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ public final class MathFunctions
     private static final Int128[] DECIMAL_HALF_UNSCALED_FOR_SCALE;
     private static final Int128[] DECIMAL_ALMOST_HALF_UNSCALED_FOR_SCALE;
 
+    // Lookup table of 10^n as double for small non-negative n. Values are bit-exact matches of Math.pow(10, n)
+    // for n in [0, 18]; see Pow10 verification in the session notes. Hot-path round(double, long) and
+    // roundReal(long, long) use this to avoid calling Math.pow for the typical decimals range.
+    private static final double[] POWERS_OF_TEN_DOUBLE = new double[] {
+            1.0, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, 10000000.0, 100000000.0, 1000000000.0,
+            10000000000.0, 100000000000.0, 1000000000000.0, 10000000000000.0, 100000000000000.0,
+            1000000000000000.0, 10000000000000000.0, 100000000000000000.0, 1000000000000000000.0
+    };
+
     static {
         DECIMAL_HALF_UNSCALED_FOR_SCALE = new Int128[Decimals.MAX_PRECISION];
         DECIMAL_ALMOST_HALF_UNSCALED_FOR_SCALE = new Int128[Decimals.MAX_PRECISION];
@@ -102,6 +111,14 @@ public final class MathFunctions
         }
     }
 
+    private static double powerOfTen(long decimals)
+    {
+        if (decimals >= 0 && decimals < POWERS_OF_TEN_DOUBLE.length) {
+            return POWERS_OF_TEN_DOUBLE[(int) decimals];
+        }
+        return Math.pow(10, decimals);
+    }
+
     private MathFunctions() {}
 
     @Description("Absolute value")
@@ -899,7 +916,7 @@ public static double round(@SqlType(StandardTypes.DOUBLE) double num, @SqlType(S
             return num;
         }
 
-        double factor = Math.pow(10, decimals);
+        double factor = powerOfTen(decimals);
         int sign = (num < 0) ? -1 : 1;
         double rescaled = sign * num * factor;
         long rescaledRound = Math.round(rescaled);
@@ -926,7 +943,7 @@ public static long roundReal(@SqlType(StandardTypes.REAL) long num, @SqlType(Sta
             return num;
         }
 
-        double factor = Math.pow(10, decimals);
+        double factor = powerOfTen(decimals);
         int sign = (numInFloat < 0) ? -1 : 1;
         double result;
         double rescaled = sign * numInFloat * factor;