diff --git a/fop-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabels.java b/fop-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabels.java
index 59b231d5b84..28d04db3733 100644
--- a/fop-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabels.java
+++ b/fop-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabels.java
@@ -71,7 +71,12 @@ public void addPageLabel(int index, String pageLabel) {
             currentPageLabelType = DECIMAL;
             currentPageNumber = Integer.parseInt(pageLabel);
             int zeroPadding = 0;
-            if (pageLabel.charAt(zeroPadding) == '0') {
+            if (currentPageNumber == 0) {
+                // a page numbered 0: /St must be at least 1, so a label of zeros is written as a
+                // prefix; counting its leading zeros below would run past its end
+                currentPageLabelType = PREFIX;
+                addNewPageLabel = true;
+            } else if (pageLabel.charAt(zeroPadding) == '0') {
                 do {
                     zeroPadding++;
                 } while (pageLabel.charAt(zeroPadding) == '0');
diff --git a/fop-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabelsTestCase.java b/fop-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabelsTestCase.java
index 429a38a8a47..918a3fe9f0a 100644
--- a/fop-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabelsTestCase.java
+++ b/fop-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fop/pdf/PDFPageLabelsTestCase.java
@@ -89,4 +89,20 @@ public void testAddPageLabel() throws IOException {
         baos.close();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * A page labelled "0" is labelled as a prefix, since /St must be at least 1; counting the leading
+     * zeros of "0" ran past its end.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testPageNumberedZero() throws IOException {
+        PDFDocument pdfDoc = mock(PDFDocument.class);
+        PDFPageLabels pageLabels = new PDFPageLabels();
+        pageLabels.setDocument(pdfDoc);
+        pageLabels.addPageLabel(0, "0");
+        pageLabels.addPageLabel(1, "1");
+        pageLabels.addPageLabel(2, "2");
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        pageLabels.getNums().output(baos);
+        assertEquals("[0 << /P (0) >> 1 << /S /D >>]", baos.toString());
+    }
 }