diff --git a/lib/flutter_skill.dart b/lib/flutter_skill.dart
index 2e8355cf..e4026f17 100644
--- a/lib/flutter_skill.dart
+++ b/lib/flutter_skill.dart
@@ -1158,13 +1158,33 @@ class FlutterSkillBinding {
 
   // ==================== ELEMENT FINDING ====================
 
+  /// Resolves [key] against widget keys first, then semantics.
+  ///
+  /// Matching only `ValueKey<String>` leaves whole classes of widget
+  /// unreachable: design-system fields commonly wrap their inner editable in a
+  /// private `GlobalKey` and expose nothing but `Semantics(identifier: ...)`,
+  /// and keys built from ints or enums never matched at all.
+  ///
+  /// Candidates are collected in tiers so a real widget key always beats a
+  /// semantics annotation — a label is a human-readable string that can easily
+  /// collide with an unrelated widget's key.
   static Element? _findElementByKey(String key) {
-    final matches = <Element>[];
+    final byWidgetKey = <Element>[];
+    final bySemanticsIdentifier = <Element>[];
+    final bySemanticsLabel = <Element>[];
+
     void visit(Element element) {
       final widget = element.widget;
-      if (widget.key is ValueKey<String> &&
-          (widget.key as ValueKey<String>).value == key) {
-        matches.add(element);
+      final widgetKey = widget.key;
+      if (widgetKey is ValueKey && '${widgetKey.value}' == key) {
+        byWidgetKey.add(element);
+      } else if (widget is Semantics) {
+        final properties = widget.properties;
+        if (properties.identifier == key) {
+          bySemanticsIdentifier.add(element);
+        } else if (properties.label == key) {
+          bySemanticsLabel.add(element);
+        }
       }
       element.visitChildren(visit);
     }
@@ -1174,7 +1194,12 @@ class FlutterSkillBinding {
     if (binding.rootElement != null) {
       visit(binding.rootElement!);
     }
-    return _preferTopmostMatch(matches);
+
+    for (final tier in [byWidgetKey, bySemanticsIdentifier, bySemanticsLabel]) {
+      final match = _preferTopmostMatch(tier);
+      if (match != null) return match;
+    }
+    return null;
   }
 
   static Element? _findElementByText(String text) {
@@ -1215,6 +1240,11 @@ class FlutterSkillBinding {
     return matches.last;
   }
 
+  /// Exposes key resolution so its tie-breaking rules can be pinned by tests.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  static Element? findElementByKeyForTesting(String key) =>
+      _findElementByKey(key);
+
   static Element? _findElement({String? key, String? text}) {
     if (key != null) return _findElementByKey(key);
     if (text != null) return _findElementByText(text);
diff --git a/pubspec.yaml b/pubspec.yaml
index ea72930e..68f82fa5 100644
--- a/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/pubspec.yaml
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ executables:
 
 environment:
   sdk: '>=3.0.0 <4.0.0'
-  flutter: ">=3.0.0"
+  # The declared ">=3.0.0" was never accurate. Highest actual requirement in
+  # the source is Color.withValues (3.27); element lookup by key adds
+  # SemanticsProperties.identifier (3.19) and WidgetsBinding.rootElement (3.9).
+  flutter: ">=3.27.0"
 
 dependencies:
   flutter:
diff --git a/test/element_lookup_test.dart b/test/element_lookup_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3c096d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/element_lookup_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_skill/flutter_skill.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+
+/// Tests for resolving an element from the `key` an agent supplies.
+///
+/// Agents address widgets by a single opaque string, so lookup has to cover
+/// more than `ValueKey<String>`: design-system widgets often expose nothing but
+/// `Semantics(identifier: ...)`, and keys are frequently built from ints or
+/// enums. Matches also have to be ordered — a route pushed on top stays behind
+/// the still-mounted route below it in a pre-order walk.
+void main() {
+  Element? find(String key) =>
+      FlutterSkillBinding.findElementByKeyForTesting(key);
+
+  group('element lookup by key', () {
+    testWidgets('should resolve a ValueKey<String>', (tester) async {
+      await tester.pumpWidget(const MaterialApp(
+        home: Text('hello', key: ValueKey<String>('greeting')),
+      ));
+
+      expect(find('greeting')?.widget, isA<Text>());
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('should resolve a key whose value is not a String',
+        (tester) async {
+      // Keys built from ints or enums previously never matched, because lookup
+      // tested for ValueKey<String> specifically.
+      await tester.pumpWidget(const MaterialApp(
+        home: Text('row', key: ValueKey<int>(42)),
+      ));
+
+      expect(find('42')?.widget, isA<Text>());
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('should resolve a Semantics identifier', (tester) async {
+      // The design-system shape from the report: the editable is wrapped and
+      // its key is private, so the identifier is the only handle an agent has.
+      await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
+        home: Material(
+          child: Semantics(
+            identifier: 'email_field',
+            child: TextField(),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ));
+
+      final element = find('email_field');
+      expect(element, isNotNull);
+      expect(element!.widget, isA<Semantics>());
+
+      // Lookup must land somewhere that still contains the editable, otherwise
+      // enter_text cannot descend to it.
+      expect(
+        descendantEditableText(element),
+        isNotNull,
+        reason: 'enter_text resolves the EditableText below the match',
+      );
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('should resolve a Semantics label', (tester) async {
+      await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
+        home: Semantics(
+          label: 'Submit order',
+          child: SizedBox(width: 10, height: 10),
+        ),
+      ));
+
+      expect(find('Submit order')?.widget, isA<Semantics>());
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('should prefer a widget key over a semantics label',
+        (tester) async {
+      // A label is human-readable text and can collide with an unrelated
+      // widget's key, so the real key has to win.
+      await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
+        home: Column(
+          children: [
+            Semantics(label: 'submit', child: SizedBox(width: 1, height: 1)),
+            Text('Submit', key: ValueKey<String>('submit')),
+          ],
+        ),
+      ));
+
+      expect(find('submit')?.widget, isA<Text>());
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('should prefer the topmost route when a key appears twice',
+        (tester) async {
+      // The background route stays mounted under a pushed route and is visited
+      // first, so returning the first match would tap an invisible widget.
+      final navigatorKey = GlobalKey<NavigatorState>();
+      await tester.pumpWidget(MaterialApp(
+        navigatorKey: navigatorKey,
+        home: const Text('background', key: ValueKey<String>('shared')),
+      ));
+
+      navigatorKey.currentState!.push(MaterialPageRoute<void>(
+        builder: (_) => const Text('foreground', key: ValueKey<String>('shared')),
+      ));
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+      expect((find('shared')!.widget as Text).data, 'foreground');
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('should return null when nothing matches', (tester) async {
+      await tester.pumpWidget(const MaterialApp(home: Text('hello')));
+
+      expect(find('no_such_key'), isNull);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/// Mirrors the descent `enter_text` performs from a matched element down to the
+/// editable it wraps.
+Element? descendantEditableText(Element root) {
+  Element? found;
+  void visit(Element element) {
+    if (found != null) return;
+    if (element.widget is EditableText) {
+      found = element;
+      return;
+    }
+    element.visitChildren(visit);
+  }
+
+  visit(root);
+  return found;
+}