electronics-info/prompts.html at main · Varun79-python/electronics-info · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Component Image Prompts</title>
<style>
  * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }
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  h1 { font-size: 26px; font-weight: 700; color: #1a1a2e; margin-bottom: 4px; }
  .subtitle { font-size: 14px; color: #666; margin-bottom: 30px; }

  .table-wrap { overflow-x: auto; border: 1px solid #e0e0ea; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.04); }

  table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; min-width: 2200px; }

  thead th {
    background: #f5f6fa; color: #1a1a2e;
    font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.4px;
    padding: 14px 12px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e0e0ea; border-right: 1px solid #e8e8f0;
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  thead th:last-child { border-right: none; }

  tbody td {
    padding: 14px 12px; font-size: 12.5px; line-height: 1.55; color: #333;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f5; border-right: 1px solid #f0f0f5;
    vertical-align: top; min-width: 180px;
    position: relative;
  }
  tbody td:last-child { border-right: none; }
  tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
  tbody tr:hover { background: #fafafe; }

  .comp-name { font-weight: 600; color: #4a6cf7; font-size: 13px; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 110px; }

  /* Copy button */
  .copy-btn {
    position: absolute;
    top: 6px;
    right: 6px;
    background: #4a6cf7;
    color: #fff;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 3px 7px;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.18s, background 0.18s, transform 0.12s;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    line-height: 1.4;
    z-index: 2;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .copy-btn:hover { background: #3251d4; transform: scale(1.07); }
  .copy-btn.copied { background: #22c55e; }
  td:hover .copy-btn { opacity: 1; }

  /* Remove row button cell */
  .remove-cell {
    vertical-align: middle !important;
    text-align: center;
    min-width: 80px !important;
    background: #fff8f8;
    border-left: 1px solid #f0f0f5;
  }
  .remove-btn {
    background: #ff4757;
    color: #fff;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 7px;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    transition: background 0.16s, transform 0.12s, box-shadow 0.16s;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(255,71,87,0.18);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .remove-btn:hover {
    background: #c0392b;
    transform: scale(1.06);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(192,57,43,0.28);
  }
  .remove-btn:active { transform: scale(0.97); }

  /* Row remove animation */
  tr.removing {
    animation: fadeSlideOut 0.32s ease forwards;
  }
  @keyframes fadeSlideOut {
    0%   { opacity: 1; transform: scaleY(1); }
    100% { opacity: 0; transform: scaleY(0); max-height: 0; }
  }

  /* Toast notification */
  #copy-toast {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 28px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(60px);
    background: #1a1a2e;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 9px 22px;
    border-radius: 24px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.22s, transform 0.22s;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 9999;
  }
  #copy-toast.show {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0);
  }

  /* Search bar styles */
  .controls-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 16px;
    margin: 20px 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .header-info {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #4a5568;
    background: #f8fafc;
    padding: 10px 18px;
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    display: inline-flex;
    gap: 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
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    align-items: center;
    flex-grow: 1;
  }

  .header-info .divider {
    color: #cbd5e0;
  }

  .search-box {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-grow: 2;
    max-width: 550px;
    min-width: 280px;
  }

  .search-icon {
    position: absolute;
    left: 14px;
    color: #94a3b8;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
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  #search-input {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 44px;
    padding: 8px 36px 8px 42px;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #1e293b;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 10px;
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    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(74, 108, 247, 0.15);
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  #search-input:focus + .search-icon {
    color: #4a6cf7;
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    color: #64748b;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all 0.15s;
  }

  #clear-search:hover {
    background: #e2e8f0;
    color: #0f172a;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">

<h1>⚡ Electronics Component Image Prompts</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Each row = one component. Each column = one image type. Generate PNGs as described, place in <code>public/images/components/{component-id}/</code></p>

<div class="controls-row">
  <div class="header-info">
    <div>Remaining Components: <span id="remaining-count" style="color: #4a6cf7; font-size: 15px;">0</span></div>
    <div class="divider">|</div>
    <div>Images per Component: <span id="images-per-comp" style="color: #4a6cf7; font-size: 15px;">0</span></div>
    <div class="divider">|</div>
    <div>Total Prompts Remaining: <span id="total-boxes" style="color: #4a6cf7; font-size: 15px;">0</span></div>
    <button id="reset-removals" style="margin-left: auto; background: #edf2f7; color: #4a5568; border: 1px solid #cbd5e0; border-radius: 6px; padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.15s; display: none;">🔄 Reset Removed Components</button>
  </div>

  <div class="search-box">
    <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="Search by component name...">
    <svg class="search-icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="18" height="18">
      <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M21 21l-6-6m2-5a7 7 0 11-14 0 7 7 0 0114 0z"/>
    </svg>
    <button id="clear-search" style="display: none;">&times;</button>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="table-wrap">
<table id="prompts-table">
<thead>
<tr>
  <th>Component</th>
  <th>thumbnail.png</th>
  <th>front.png</th>
  <th>angle.png</th>
  <th>package.png</th>
  <th>internal.png</th>
  <th>pinout.png</th>
  <th>symbol.png</th>
  <th>breadboard.png</th>
  <th>pcb.png</th>
  <th>application.png</th>
  <th>dimensions.png</th>
  <th>Actions</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Accelerometer</td>
  <td>Premium product photograph of ADXL335 breakout module on dark carbon-fiber surface. Blue PCB, MEMS sensor IC center, 5 header pins. Soft rim lighting, shallow depth of field. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Studio-quality top-down of ADXL335 breakout on pure white. Blue PCB centered, ADXL335 IC (16-pin LFCSP) with markings, 3 decoupling caps, 5-pin header (VCC, GND, X, Y, Z). Gold traces visible. Macro detail.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of ADXL335 breakout on white studio surface. 3D depth: PCB 1.6mm thickness with gold edge traces, raised MEMS IC profile, 5 header pins extending below. Soft shadow right. Glossy vs matte surface contrast.</td>
  <td>Side-by-side: bare ADXL335 IC (4×4mm LFCSP), breakout PCB module (15×20mm blue), MPU-6050 6-axis module. Gray gradient bg with 2mm grid. Each labeled with package name and dimension.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of MEMS capacitive accelerometer: proof mass suspended by silicon spring beams, fixed top/bottom electrodes, interdigitated comb fingers, silicon substrate, wire bonds, hermetic seal. Each part labeled. White bg, blue highlights.</td>
  <td>Two views: (Left) Breakout 5-pin header: VCC, GND, X, Y, Z with voltage ranges. (Right) ADXL335 16-pin LFCSP: 1-NC, 2-ST, 3-COM, 4-NC, 5-VCC, 6-Z, 7-Y, 8-X, 9-GND, 10-16 NC. Pin 1 markers. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>IC block symbol: VCC (top-left), GND (bottom-left), X_OUT/Y_OUT/Z_OUT (right), ST (top). Sine-wave arrows on outputs indicating analog signal. Labeled "ADXL335". IEEE/ANSI style, black on white.</td>
  <td>Real breadboard photo: ADXL335 plugged at top, red wire VCC→3.3V, black GND→GND, yellow X→A0, green Y→A1, blue Z→A2. Arduino Uno side-by-side with USB. Wooden desk, natural light. Clean wiring.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB: ADXL335 footprint center with thermal pad, C1 (0.1µF) + C2 (10µF) decoupling near VCC, 3 RC filters (R1+C3 X, R2+C4 Y, R3+C5 Z) 50Hz cutoff, 5-pin header J1. 0.5mm power traces, ground plane. DRC pass.</td>
  <td>Tilt alarm circuit: ADXL335 X/Y/Z → Arduino Nano A0/A1/A2. D9→1kΩ→2N3906 base, collector→piezo buzzer+100Ω. I2C OLED A4(SDA) A5(SCL). AMS1117-3.3 regulator. All values labeled. Left-to-right signal flow.</td>
  <td>Three orthographic views: (Top) 15.24×20.32mm board, R1mm corners, IC at 7.62×10.16mm, 2.5mm mounting holes. (Side) 1.6mm board, 10mm pin length, 2.54mm above. (Bottom) Pins 1-5 at 2.54mm pitch. Blueprint style, mm tolerances.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">AC Power Supply</td>
  <td>Premium photo of adjustable AC/DC bench power supply front panel. Two digital displays (V/A), coarse/fine knobs, red/black binding posts, power switch. Dark background, soft studio lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of laboratory AC/DC power supply front panel on white. Dual 3-digit LED displays showing voltage and current, two potentiometer knobs, output binding posts (red+/black-), rocker power switch, ventilation slots. Centered, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of variable bench power supply on workbench. Metal chassis with ventilation slots on top, rubber feet, front panel controls, rear cooling fan grille. Soft shadow. Product catalog style.</td>
  <td>Three power supply types side-by-side: linear bench PSU (heavy metal case with fan), enclosed switching PSU module (metal box, terminal block), AC wall adapter (plug-in brick). Size differences visible. Light gray background.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of linear AC power supply: step-down transformer (laminated EI core), bridge rectifier (4 diodes), filter capacitors (large electrolytic 4700µF), 3-terminal voltage regulator (7812) with heatsink, output terminals. Signal flow arrows. Labeled blocks.</td>
  <td>AC input connector (IEC C14): L (Live/brown), N (Neutral/blue), E (Earth/green-yellow). Also DC output terminals: +V, COM, GND. Fuse holder indicator. Pin numbering. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Two symbols: (Left) AC voltage source — sine wave inside circle. (Right) DC regulated supply — rectangle with +V and -V labels. Also transformer symbol with primary/secondary coils and center tap. Standard IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard photo of AC-to-DC supply: bridge rectifier IC (DB107), 1000µF electrolytic filter cap (polarity marked), 0.1µF ceramic cap, 7805 regulator with bolt-on heatsink. Input from 12V AC wall adapter via terminal block. Output driving LED+330Ω load. Top-down.</td>
  <td>Single-layer green PCB: full-wave bridge rectifier (4× 1N4007 diodes in DIP-4), dual filter caps (C1 2200µF radial + C2 0.1µF ceramic), 7805 regulator with large copper heatsink pad, LED indicator R1 1kΩ, screw terminal blocks for AC in/DC out. Wide 1.5mm power traces.</td>
  <td>Adjustable supply using LM317: bridge rectifier → 2200µF filter cap → LM317 (TO-220) with R1=240Ω, R2=5k pot for 1.25-12V output. Protection diode D1 (1N4002) across output. C3=10µF tantalum on output. Formula: Vout=1.25×(1+R2/R1). Clean schematic.</td>
  <td>Bench power supply enclosure: width 150mm, height 80mm, depth 200mm. Front panel: display cutout 45×25mm, knob centers 30mm apart, binding post spacing 20mm. Vent slots 3mm×20mm at 5mm pitch. Rubber foot positions. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">ADC</td>
  <td>Premium product photo of MCP3008 8-channel ADC IC (16-pin DIP) on dark surface. Chip markings "MCP3008-I/P" visible, pins clearly shown. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of MCP3008 ADC IC (16-pin DIP) centered on white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch at top-left, laser markings "MCP3008-I/P" readable, 8 pins each side. Even lighting, sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° angle of MCP3008 DIP-16 on white. Body 19×6mm, pin curve visible, notch at pin 1 end, pins splayed slightly outward. Bottom-center marking. Soft shadow. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Three ADC packages: DIP-16 (MCP3008 THT), SOIC-16 (MCP3008 SMD), and SOT-23-6 (MCP9701 temp sensor ADC). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with package type and pin count.</td>
  <td>Block diagram of successive-approximation ADC: analog input → sample & hold → comparator → SAR logic → N-bit register → digital output. Also DAC feedback path. Clock divider. Reference voltage input. Each block labeled. White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>MCP3008 16-pin DIP pinout: 1-CH0 to 8-CH7 (analog inputs), 9-DGND, 10-CS, 11-DIN, 12-DOUT, 13-CLK, 14-AGND, 15-VREF, 16-VDD. SPI interface pins highlighted (CS, DIN, DOUT, CLK). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>ADC block symbol: rectangle with analog inputs (left side, arrow in), digital outputs (right side, bus label D0-D7), VREF (top), VDD/GND (bottom). Clock input. "ADC 8-bit" centered. Standard schematic style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: MCP3008 DIP centered, potentiometer voltage divider on CH0 (10k pot between 3.3V-GND), SPI wires to Raspberry Pi (CS→GPIO8, DIN→GPIO10, DOUT→GPIO9, CLK→GPIO11). RPi header visible. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer PCB for MCP3008: IC footprint with analog input traces kept short and separate from digital traces, VREF decoupling (0.1µF+10µF), AGND/DGND split with single-point bridge, SPI output header, ground plane on bottom. Clean layout.</td>
  <td>ADC temperature monitor circuit: LM35 temp sensor → MCP3008 CH0. MCP3008 SPI → Arduino Uno (CS→D10, DIN→D11, DOUT→D12, CLK→D13). Arduino drives I2C LCD for temp display. VREF from TL431 precision reference 4.096V. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>DIP-16 package drawing: body 19.05×6.35mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm, body height 4.6mm seated. Top and side views. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Antenna</td>
  <td>Premium photo of quarter-wave whip antenna (vertical, stainless steel, 19cm) on dark surface. Base connector (SMA male) visible. Soft lighting against dark backdrop. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of 433MHz quarter-wave whip antenna on white. Flexible stainless steel rod, SMA male connector at base with knurled grip, rubber O-ring seal. Full height in frame. Sharp focus along entire length.</td>
  <td>45° angle of whip antenna on white surface. Shows connector detail: SMA threaded barrel, hex nut, rubber boot, where antenna rod meets base. Soft shadow. 3D presence.</td>
  <td>Three antenna types: quarter-wave whip (19cm), PCB trace antenna (meandered 1/4λ on FR4), helical rubber ducky antenna (coiled spring inside rubber). Gray bg with scale markers.</td>
  <td>Diagram of half-wave dipole antenna: two quarter-wave elements extending from feed point, current distribution (sinusoidal, max at center) and voltage distribution (min at center, max at ends) plotted along length. Radiation pattern (doughnut shape) around dipole. Labeled: λ/2, feed point, balun.</td>
  <td>SMA connector pinout: center pin (signal), outer shell (ground). Also U.FL/IPEX connector pinout for PCB antennas: center pad (RF signal), surrounding ground pads. Coaxial cable cross-section: center conductor → dielectric → shield → jacket. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Antenna symbol: standard IEEE/ANSI symbol for antenna — three lines ascending outward from a point (like a tree). Also loop antenna symbol (circle with leads). Labeled "ANT". Black lines, white bg.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: RF transmitter module (FS1000A 433MHz) with 17.3cm wire antenna soldered to ANT pad. Data pin to Arduino D12. Power/decoupling caps. Receiver module (XY-MK-5V) with matching antenna on separate breadboard. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB with meandered inverted-F antenna (IFA) for 2.4GHz. Trace width 0.5mm, gap 0.2mm, total meander length λ/4. Ground plane clearance underneath. Feed point with 50Ω microstrip line (1.5mm width on 1.6mm FR4). Matching network (C1, L1). Green CAD.</td>
  <td>RF remote control circuit: HT12E encoder → FS1000A transmitter module → λ/4 whip antenna. 4 DIP switches for address/data. Receiver side: XY-MK-5V → HT12D decoder → relay driver. Power: 12V battery with 5V regulator. Full schematic.</td>
  <td>λ/4 whip antenna drawing: total length 173mm for 433MHz (λ/4 = c/(4f)), rod diameter 1.2mm, SMA connector length 15mm, total assembly 188mm. Base diameter 9mm. Tolerance ±1mm. Blueprint style.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Audio Amplifier IC</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of LM386 audio amplifier IC (8-pin DIP) on dark surface. "LM386N-1" markings visible. Pins sharply in focus. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of LM386N-1 DIP-8 on white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "LM386N-1" and manufacturer logo/date code. 4 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of LM386 DIP-8 on white. Package profile visible: body 9×6mm, pin curve, notch at pin 1 end. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three audio amp packages: DIP-8 (LM386 THT), SOIC-8 (LM386 SMD), and TO-220 (TDA2030 power amp). Each labeled. Gray bg with scale. Shows evolution in package style.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of LM386: differential input stage (NPN pair), voltage gain stage (with gain-setting pins 1&8), Class AB output push-pull stage (NPN/PNP), biasing network, short-circuit protection. Key resistor values labeled (15k, 1.35k, 150). Signal path highlighted.</td>
  <td>LM386 DIP-8 pinout: 1-GAIN (bypass), 2-IN- (inverting), 3-IN+ (non-inverting), 4-GND, 5-VOUT, 6-VS (supply), 7-BYPASS, 8-GAIN (bypass). Typical voltage ranges. Pin 1 dot indicator. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Op-amp symbol for audio amplifier: triangle with IN- (inverting), IN+ (non-inverting), VOUT, VS+, VS-. Gain setting resistors Rf and Rin connected. Output arrow. Standard schematic symbol.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: LM386 audio amp circuit on breadboard. Input from 3.5mm audio jack (shielded cable), 10k pot as volume control, 10µF input cap, gain setting cap (10µF across pins 1-8), output cap 220µF to 8Ω speaker. Power from 9V battery. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB layout for LM386 guitar headphone amp: LM386 footprint center, electrolytic caps (220µF output, 10µF bypass, 10µF gain), 10k pot footprint, 3.5mm jack, battery snap connector. Wide power traces, star ground point. Single-layer green board.</td>
  <td>LM386 speaker driver circuit: 3.5mm audio input → 10k pot → 0.1µF C1 → IN+ (pin 3). IN- (pin 2) to GND via 10µF. Gain = 200: 10µF cap across pins 1-8. Output pin 5 → 220µF C2 → 8Ω speaker. Zobel network (0.05µF+10Ω) to GND. Clean schematic.</td>
  <td>DIP-8 package drawing: body 9.27×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side views. Blueprint, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Battery</td>
  <td>Premium product photo of AA alkaline battery (Duracell-style copper top) standing vertically on dark surface. Positive terminal up, "AA 1.5V" label visible. Side lighting, metallic sheen. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of AA alkaline battery centered on white. Cylindrical body full frame, positive nub terminal at top, flat negative terminal at bottom. Brand markings, "AA 1.5V LR6", expiry date. Clear macro focus, even lighting.</td>
  <td>45° angle of AA battery on white surface. Cylindrical shape visible, both terminals, full length (50mm). Soft shadow right. Reveals seam where metal jacket meets bottom cap. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Four battery types side-by-side: AAA (44mm), AA (50mm), C (50mm but wider), 9V (rectangular snap-top). Also CR2032 coin cell for comparison. Gray bg with height scale. Each labeled with type and voltage.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of alkaline battery: steel positive cap (nub), manganese dioxide cathode (MnO2 + carbon), potassium hydroxide electrolyte (KOH), zinc powder anode (gelled), brass current collector pin, steel can (negative terminal), separator paper, outer plastic jacket. Each layer labeled and color-coded.</td>
  <td>Battery connector pinouts: 9V battery snap (red +, black -). AA/AAA battery holder (spring negative, flat positive contact). CR2032 coin cell holder (positive top, negative bottom terminal). Polarity clearly marked.</td>
  <td>Battery symbol: standard IEEE/ANSI — long thin line (positive) and short thick line (negative). Multiple cells in series shown as multiple pairs. Labeled "BT1" with voltage. Also single cell symbol. Black lines, white bg.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: battery holder with 4× AA cells (6V) connected to breadboard power rail. Red wire (+) to red rail, black wire (-) to blue rail. 5V regulator (7805) on breadboard supplying Arduino. Multimeter probes measuring voltage. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB layout for battery management system: single-cell LiPo (18650) holder footprint, DW01 protection IC, FS8205 dual MOSFET, R1=1kΩ, R2=2kΩ, C1=0.1µF. Battery+/- pads, load+/- pads. Gold plated contacts. Small 20×15mm green board.</td>
  <td>Battery charger circuit: TP4056 Li-ion charger module (5V USB input, charge current set by R_PROG=1.2kΩ for 1A), 18650 battery connected, output to 5V boost converter (MT3608) for 5V rail. Protection diode, status LED indicators. Complete schematic.</td>
  <td>AA battery dimension drawing: diameter 14.5mm, height 50.5mm, positive nub height 1.0mm, nub diameter 5.0mm, negative terminal diameter 7.5mm. Tolerance ±0.5mm. Side view with all dimensions labeled. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Breadboard</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of standard 830-point solderless breadboard corner on dark surface. Metal clips visible through holes, red/blue power rail markings, center gap. Soft lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight top-down photo of 830-point breadboard centered on white. Full board: 2 power rails (red+ blue-), 2 component rows (a-e & f-j), center channel DIP gap, numbered rows 1-63. Even lighting, sharp across entire board.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of breadboard on white. Shows 3D depth: ABS plastic body thickness (8.5mm), raised center strip, tactile hole grid, adhesive backing paper partially peeled at corner. Soft shadow. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Three breadboard sizes: mini (170-point, 35×46mm), half-size (400-point, 55×85mm), full-size (830-point, 55×165mm). Also small breakout breadboard (170-point square). Gray bg with ruler. Each labeled.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of breadboard internals: ABS plastic top layer with tapered insertion holes, phosphor-bronze spring clip (nickel-plated) inside each hole showing grab contact design, adhesive foam backing, peel-off paper. Clip structure labeled: contact tips, spring tension arms, solder tail. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Breadboard power rail layout: red rail (+), blue rail (-), two rows per rail, each row connected internally with breaks every 10 columns. Component area (rows A-J, columns 1-63) with 5-hole row connectivity pattern. Center gap spacing 7.62mm for DIP ICs. Engineering diagram.</td>
  <td>Schematic breadboard representation: simplified grid layout showing connected nodes. Power rails as horizontal bus lines. Component rows as 5-dot groups per column. Bridge connections drawn. Standard breadboard diagram style for schematics.</td>
  <td>Breadboard populated with Arduino + LED blink circuit. Arduino Uno plugged via header pins, 330Ω resistor connecting red LED to D13, jumper wires (red VCC, black GND, yellow signal). Clean, organized wiring. Top-down, good lighting.</td>
  <td>PCB design for breadboard power supply module: 7805 regulator, input/output caps, 2-pin screw terminal for input, male header pins (2× 15-pin) for breadboard insertion. 50×15mm board that bridges breadboard center gap. Green CAD rendering.</td>
  <td>Variable power supply breadboard circuit: LM317 with heatsink, 10k pot, filter caps, input from 12V adapter. Output terminals for breadboard rails. Voltage set to 5V, measured by multimeter. Circuit schematic overlaid. Educational layout example.</td>
  <td>830-point breadboard dimensions: width 55mm, length 165mm, height 8.5mm (ABS body), 11mm with foam backing. Hole pitch 2.54mm (0.1"), hole diameter 0.8mm. Power rail width 8mm. Center gap 7.62mm. Corner mounting hole ∅3.2mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Buzzer</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of piezoelectric buzzer (∅12mm) on dark surface. Brass disc with piezo ceramic layer visible, two wire leads. Soft rim lighting, metallic sheen. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of standard piezo buzzer on white. Round brass disc (∅12mm), piezo ceramic circular layer (white/cream) bonded to brass, two wire leads (red + black) extending from edges. Centered, sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° angle of piezo buzzer on white. Shows disc thickness (0.5mm), ceramic layer on brass substrate, wire solder points, lead bend. Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three buzzer types: piezo element (bare disc, ∅12mm), piezo buzzer with feedback pin (3-pin), magnetic buzzer (coil type, ∅9.5mm). Also SMD piezo buzzer for comparison. Gray bg with scale.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of piezo buzzer: brass substrate disc, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic layer top, silver electrode coating, polarization direction arrow. Deformation diagram when voltage applied: convex/concave bending. Labeled: piezoelectric effect, voltage → mechanical displacement. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Buzzer pinouts: 2-pin piezo (red + positive, black - negative, no polarity). 3-pin piezo with feedback (1-VCC, 2-GND, 3-FB). Magnetic buzzer (1-VCC, 2-GND, 3-SIGNAL). Polarity marking. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Buzzer symbol: standard piezo transducer symbol — two parallel lines representing piezo crystal with two electrodes, "+" polarity indicator, "BZ" or "LS" label. Also speaker symbol for magnetic buzzer. IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: piezo buzzer driven by Arduino D9 through 2N3904 NPN transistor. Base resistor 1kΩ from D9, collector to buzzer (-), buzzer (+) to 5V. Flyback diode (1N4148) across buzzer. Arduino generating 2kHz tone. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for buzzer driver: 2N3904 SOT-23, R1=1kΩ 0603, R2=10kΩ pull-down, D1=1N4148 SOD-80, J1=2-pin header for buzzer, J2=3-pin header for MCU (VCC, GND, SIG). Board 15×10mm. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Arduino melody player circuit: Arduino Nano D9 → 1kΩ → 2N3904 base, collector → buzzer(-), buzzer(+) → 5V. Push button on D2 for play/stop. Potentiometer on A0 for volume (PWM duty control). Complete schematic with component values.</td>
  <td>Piezo buzzer disc drawing: outer diameter 12mm, ceramic diameter 10mm, brass thickness 0.2mm, total thickness 0.5mm. Wire lead length 50mm, wire gauge 28AWG, tinned ends 5mm. Top and side views. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Capacitor</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of electrolytic capacitor (100µF 25V) standing on dark surface. Aluminum can with sleeve, polarity stripe visible, leads at bottom. Side lighting, metallic reflection. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of radial electrolytic capacitor (100µF 25V) centered on white. Cylindrical aluminum can with blue or black PVC sleeve, printed markings: capacitance (100µF), voltage (25V), polarity stripe (-), temperature rating. Two axial leads at bottom. Sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° angle of electrolytic capacitor on white. Shows can height (12mm), diameter (8mm), vent score lines on top, rubber bung at base, lead bend. Soft shadow. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Five capacitor types side-by-side: electrolytic (radial can 100µF), ceramic disc (0.1µF), film (polyester 1µF), tantalum (teardrop 10µF), SMD ceramic (0603 0.1µF). Gray bg with scale, each labeled with type and value.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of aluminum electrolytic capacitor: aluminum can (cathode connector), etched aluminum foil anode, aluminum foil cathode, electrolyte-impregnated paper separator, rubber sealing bung, vent mechanism, insulating sleeve. Anode oxide layer (dielectric) shown as thin coating on etched foil. Labeled layers with thickness callouts. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Polarity marking: electrolytic capacitor (-) stripe indicating negative lead, longer lead (+) positive. Ceramic capacitor (no polarity). Tantalum capacitor (+) stripe at positive end. SMD tantalum bar marking (positive). Voltage and capacitance marking codes explained. Engineering reference.</td>
  <td>Capacitor symbols: non-polarized (two parallel lines), polarized electrolytic (curved line one side, + indicator), variable (diagonal arrow through), trimmer (straight arrow). "+" and "-" where applicable. IEEE standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: RC timing circuit. 100µF electrolytic cap (polarity correct) + 10kΩ resistor in series. 5V supply via push button, multimeter probe across cap monitoring voltage rise. LED indicator across cap with 470Ω series resistor. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB with decoupling capacitor layout: ATmega328P IC with 0.1µF ceramic cap (C1) placed within 3mm of each VCC pin, 10µF tantalum (C2) bulk decoupling near power entry. Via stitching to ground plane. Short wide traces. Green CAD demonstrating proper decoupling practice.</td>
  <td>Power supply filter circuit: bridge rectifier → 4700µF filter cap (C1) → 78M05 regulator → 0.33µF (C2) input cap → 0.1µF (C3) output cap. Ripple voltage formula: Vripple = I/(2×f×C). Smoothing demonstration. Complete schematic with values.</td>
  <td>Electrolytic capacitor dimensions: D×L 8×12mm for 100µF 25V. Lead spacing 3.5mm, lead diameter 0.6mm, lead length 25mm. Sleeve diameter 8.5mm. Top vent diameter 3mm. Tolerance: can D ±0.5mm, height ±1mm. Blueprint style.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Ceramic Resonator</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 16MHz ceramic resonator (3-pin) on dark surface. Ceramic rectangular body (blue/green), 3 pins visible. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 16MHz ceramic resonator (3-pin DIP style) on white. Rectangular ceramic element with molded plastic base, 3 pins protruding downward. Markings: "16.000", "ZTT", "MURATA" or equivalent. Centered, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° angle of ceramic resonator on white. Shows 3D profile: ceramic body (blue/black), plastic base, 3 pins (left-ground, center-output, right-input). Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three resonator/oscillator packages: ceramic resonator (3-pin 16MHz DIP), quartz crystal (2-pin HC-49S 16MHz), SMD crystal oscillator (4-pin 25MHz). Gray bg with scale, each labeled with type and frequency.</td>
  <td>Internal structure of ceramic resonator: piezoelectric ceramic element with electrodes on both sides, metalized contacts connecting to pins, internal capacitor plates forming π-network (two 12pF caps integrated). Cross-section showing piezoelectric material polarized for thickness-shear vibration mode. Labeled.</td>
  <td>3-pin resonator pinout: pin 1 (LEFT) — output, pin 2 (CENTER) — ground, pin 3 (RIGHT) — input. Equivalent circuit: RLC series resonant circuit with parallel load capacitors C1 and C2 to ground. Markings orientation: flat side = pin 1. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Symbol: same as quartz crystal — two parallel lines with small rectangle at ends (piezoelectric element). For 3-pin resonator: same with center ground connection. "Y1" or "X1" label. Also oscillator symbol (triangle with frequency). IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: Arduino driven by 16MHz ceramic resonator. Resonator connected across ATMega328P pins 9 (XTAL1-IN) and 10 (XTAL2-OUT), center pin to GND. Two 22pF load caps omitted (internal). Blinking LED on D13 verifies clock. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for resonator-based microcontroller: ATmega328P with 3-pin ceramic resonator placed as close as possible to XTAL1/XTAL2 pins (within 10mm). Ground plane underneath resonator with via to GND. Short traces, no other signals crossing resonator area. Green CAD showing layout best practice.</td>
  <td>Clock generation circuit: ATmega328P with 16MHz ceramic resonator between XTAL1/XTAL2 (pins 9-10), 22pF load caps to GND (if required). AVCC decoupled with ferrite bead + 0.1µF cap. AREF with 0.1µF cap. Arduino-style minimum system schematic. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>Ceramic resonator 3-pin DIP drawing: ceramic element 7.5×4.5×2.5mm, total seated height 5mm, pin pitch 2.54mm (2.5mm center-pin offset), pin diameter 0.45mm, pin length 3.5mm. Top and side views. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Circuit Breaker</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of mini circuit breaker (MCB, single-pole) on dark surface. Toggle switch on face, "16A" rating label visible, DIN rail clip at back. Side lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of single-pole MCB centered on white. Rectangular thermoplastic body, toggle switch handle (up=ON, down=OFF), printed ratings "C16" "230/400V" "6kA", trip indicator, DIN rail mounting slot visible at bottom. Sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of MCB on white. Shows 3D shape: front face with toggle, side ventilation slots, top/bottom screw terminals, DIN rail clip at back projecting outward. Soft shadow. Product catalog style.</td>
  <td>Three circuit breaker types: MCB (miniature, 1-pole, C16), RCBO (residual current + overcurrent), MCCB (molded case, 3-pole, 100A). Size comparison increasing. Gray bg, each labeled with type and rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of MCB internal mechanism: main contacts (silver alloy), arc chute with splitter plates, bimetal strip (thermal trip for overload), solenoid coil (magnetic trip for short circuit), trip bar/latch mechanism, toggle handle linkage. Current path arrows through bimetal → coil → contacts → arc chute. Labeled parts. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>MCB terminal pinout: line/input (top screw terminal), load/output (bottom screw terminal). Neutral and earth connections shown for RCBO type (4-pole). DIN rail clip. Wiring diagram labels L (brown), N (blue), PE (green-yellow). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Circuit breaker symbol: switch with small rectangle (thermal element) and inductor loop (magnetic element) in series — standard single-line diagram symbol for MCB. Labeled "CB1" with rating. Also 3-pole version shown. IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: MCB simulation using thermal switch + relay. Push button (simulating overload) heating PTC thermistor → trips relay. Reset button. LED indicators: green = ON, red = TRIPPED. Arduino monitoring voltage across shunt resistor simulating overcurrent. Educational breadboard model.</td>
  <td>PCB for electronic circuit breaker (e-fuse): LT4363 ideal diode controller, IRF540 N-channel MOSFET as pass element, R1=R2=10mΩ current sense, C1=0.1µF, D1=TVS. Input screw terminal 12V, output screw terminal LOAD. Small 30×20mm board. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>24V DC electronic fuse circuit: LT4363 controller driving N-MOSFET (SiR158DP). R_SENSE=5mΩ for 10A limit, R_SPD=1kΩ sets overvoltage protection at 29V. D2=30V TVS. C1=0.01µF sets blanking time (2µs). Fault flag output. Complete application schematic with formulas.</td>
  <td>MCB dimension drawing: width 18mm (1-module), height 85mm, depth 70mm (including DIN clip). Terminal opening for wire 2.5-25mm². Toggle handle projection 15mm. DIN rail clip width 35mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Comparator</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of LM393 dual comparator IC (8-pin DIP) on dark surface. Chip markings "LM393N" visible, pin 1 notch, dual op-amp style body. Soft rim lighting, shallow depth of field. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of LM393N DIP-8 centered on white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "LM393N" with date code. 4 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp focus across entire package.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of LM393 DIP-8 on white studio surface. Package profile 9×6mm body, pin curvature visible, notch at pin 1 end, pins splayed outward. Soft shadow right. Product photography quality.</td>
  <td>Three comparator packages: DIP-8 (LM393 THT, 9×6mm), SOIC-8 (LM393 SMD, 5×4mm), SOT-23-5 (single comparator LMV331). Gray gradient bg with 2mm grid scale. Each labeled with type and dimensions.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of LM393: dual open-collector comparators. Each channel: differential NPN input stage, Darlington gain stage, open-collector output transistor with 250µA current source pull-up. Offset voltage Vio ±2mV shown. Block-level signal flow with labeled stages. White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>LM393 8-pin DIP pinout: 1-OUT A, 2-IN- A, 3-IN+ A, 4-GND, 5-IN+ B, 6-IN- B, 7-OUT B, 8-VCC. Open-collector output notation (triangle at outputs). Voltage ranges: 2-36V single supply, ±1-18V dual. Pin 1 dot indicator. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Comparator symbol: standard op-amp triangle with + and - inputs, output with open-collector flag (small circle and ground arrow). "LM393" label. Hysteresis feedback resistor Rh drawn from output to IN+. IEEE/ANSI style, black on white.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: LM393 comparator circuit with 10k pot on IN+ (reference voltage), LDR+10k voltage divider on IN- (sensing input), open-collector output pulled up with 10kΩ to 5V, driving LED+470Ω resistor to GND. Arduino measuring both inputs via A0/A1. Top-down photo, clean wiring.</td>
  <td>PCB for light-level comparator: LM393 DIP-8 footprint center, R1=10kΩ pot, R2=10kΩ pull-up, R3=10kΩ + LDR voltage divider, D1=LED with R4=470Ω, J1=3-pin header (VCC,GND,OUT). Wide power traces, ground fill bottom layer. 30×25mm single-layer green CAD.</td>
  <td>Light-activated switch: LDR + 10kΩ (R1) voltage divider → IN- (pin 2). 10kΩ pot (R2) as reference → IN+ (pin 3). OUT (pin 1) → 10kΩ pull-up (R3) → 2N3904 base via 1kΩ, collector → relay coil + 1N4007 flyback diode. Relay contacts drive 230V lamp. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>DIP-8 package drawing: body 9.27×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side orthographic views. Blueprint style, mm tolerances ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Connector</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of RJ45 Ethernet connector (8P8C) plug on dark surface. Gold pins visible inside cavity, translucent tab, cable boot. Soft rim lighting, metallic reflections on contacts. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on front view of RJ45 connector on white. 8 gold-plated contact pins visible inside rectangular cavity, clear plastic tab on top, strain-relief boot at rear, Category 5e/6 labeling. Centered, sharp macro focus, even lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of RJ45 plug on white surface. 3D view showing connector cavity, exposed pin tips, latching tab (raised), cable boot crimped onto Cat6 cable. Soft shadow right. Product catalog photography style.</td>
  <td>Three Ethernet connector types: RJ45 plug (8P8C clear body), RJ45 keystone jack (female, punch-down terminals), RJ45 PCB-mount jack (shielded with LEDs, through-hole). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with type and application.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of RJ45 connector mated pair: plug inserted into jack, 8 spring-loaded contact pins (beryllium copper) depressing against flat gold contact pads on plug, latching tab engaged (click), wire termination showing T568B color code (white-orange, orange, white-green, blue, white-blue, green, white-brown, brown). Labeled parts. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>RJ45 8P8C pinout (T568B): pin 1=white-orange (TX+), pin 2=orange (TX-), pin 3=white-green (RX+), pin 4=blue, pin 5=white-blue, pin 6=green (RX-), pin 7=white-brown, pin 8=brown. Also T568A standard for comparison. Wiring diagram with color labels. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>RJ45 connector symbol: rectangular box with 8 small circles along top edge representing spring contacts. Numbered 1-8 left to right. "J1" or "P1" label. Also Ethernet magnetics symbol (center-tapped transformers). Standard IEEE schematic style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: RJ45 breakout module connected to breadboard. Shielded Cat6 cable plugged in, individual pins broken out to breadboard rows via header pins. Ethernet PHY board (ENC28J60) connected via SPI wires to Arduino (CS→D10, MOSI→D11, MISO→D12, SCK→D13). Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for RJ45 MagJack connector: shielded RJ45 with integrated magnetics (Halo HFJ11-1G01E), 4× 49.9Ω termination resistors (R1-R4), 2× 0.1µF HV caps (C1-C2) to chassis GND, 75Ω common-mode termination. Center-tap bias via 0.1µF to 3.3V. Separate chassis ground plane with slot cutout. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Ethernet-to-SPI bridge: HR911105A MagJack → ENC28J60 Ethernet controller (SPI) → Arduino Uno (CS→D10, MOSI→D11, MISO→D12, SCK→D13). ENC28J60 requires 25MHz crystal (Y1) with 22pF caps, 3.3V LDO (AMS1117-3.3), decoupling caps (0.1µF+10µF). Full schematic with all values.</td>
  <td>RJ45 plug dimension drawing: width 11.68mm, height 8.56mm (without tab), depth 21.5mm (plug only), 46mm with boot. Contact pin spacing 1.02mm (0.04"), pin width 0.35mm, insertion depth 13.5mm. Tab 12.5mm × 3.5mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Contactor</td>
  <td>Premium product photo of 3-pole contactor (25A) on dark surface. Top view showing main terminals (L1-T1, L2-T2, L3-T3), auxiliary contacts, coil terminals A1-A2. Industrial look, soft studio lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on front photo of 3-pole 25A contactor centered on white. DIN-rail mountable rectangular body, 3 main input terminals (L1/L2/L3 top), 3 output terminals (T1/T2/T3 bottom), coil terminals A1/A2 front, auxiliary contact block attached. "25A 400V" rating label. Sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of contactor on white surface. Shows 3D profile: terminal screws (M4 phillips), slotted front face for arc chamber ventilation, DIN rail clip at rear, auxiliary contact block side-mount. Soft shadow. Industrial catalog photography.</td>
  <td>Three contactor types: 3-pole 25A (main), 4-pole 40A (with NO/NC aux), miniature relay contactor (12A, PCB-mount). Size comparison visible. Gray bg with scale markings. Each labeled with current rating and application.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of contactor main pole: fixed silver-alloy main contact, movable contact bridge, electromagnetic coil (copper wound on bobbin), E-shaped laminated iron core, armature (moving), return spring (tension adjustable), arc chute with de-ion plates (steel splitter plates). Magnetic blowout coil around arc path. Current path arrows. Labeled engineering illustration.</td>
  <td>Contactor coil/terminal identification: main power terminals L1(L1), L2(L2), L3(L3) on input side, T1(OUT1), T2(OUT2), T3(OUT3) on load side. Coil terminals A1 (phase/+, brown) and A2 (neutral/-, blue). Auxiliary contact markings: 13-14 (NO), 21-22 (NC). DIN rail clip. Engineering reference style.</td>
  <td>Contactor symbol: relay coil (rectangle with diagonal line) labeled "KM1". Three normally-open main contacts (switch symbol) with arc suppression notation. Auxiliary NO/NC contacts with dashed line showing mechanical linkage. IEEE/ANSI motor control standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: contactor coil (24V DC/AC) driven by Darlington transistor (TIP120) from Arduino. D9→1kΩ→TIP120 base, emitter→GND, collector→A1 coil terminal, A2→24V. Flyback diode (1N4007) across coil. Push button (NO) on D2 for START, D3 for STOP. LED indicators. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for 3-phase motor starter: IGBT power stage (IRGB4062DPBF ×3), bootstrap gate driver (IR2103), current sense shunt (0.01Ω), TVS clamping, optocoupler isolation (6N137) for MCU interface, screw terminals for L1/L2/L3 inputs and motor outputs, 24V coil supply with bridge rectifier and filter cap. Green CAD with power routing.</td>
  <td>Motor start/stop circuit: 3-phase supply L1/L2/L3 → main contactor KM1 (3-pole) → 3-phase motor M1. START push button (NO) in series with STOP (NC) and overload relay (OL) NC contact → KM1 coil A1-A2. Thermal overload relay (FR1) with heater elements in each phase. Auxiliary contact KM1(14) seals START. Full schematic with cross-references.</td>
  <td>3-pole contactor dimension drawing: width 54mm, height 85mm, depth 65mm (body), 75mm including terminals. Main terminal M4 screws, wire capacity 2.5-10mm². Coil terminals 2.5mm². DIN rail mount 35mm symmetrical. Mounting hole M4 centers 35mm apart. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Counter</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of CD4510 BCD up/down counter IC (16-pin DIP) on dark surface. "CD4510BE" markings visible, pin 1 notch, gray epoxy body. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of CD4510BE DIP-16 centered on white. Gray epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "CD4510BE" with TI logo and date code. 8 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° angle of CD4510 DIP-16 on white. Package 19×6mm body, 8 pins visible each side, notch at pin 1 end, slight pin splay. Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three counter packages: DIP-16 (CD4510 THT, 19×6mm), SOIC-16 (CD4510 SMD, 10×4mm), CD4017 decade counter DIP-16 (Johnson counter). Gray bg with scale grid. Each labeled with part number and function.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of CD4510: 4 master-slave JK flip-flops in synchronous chain, look-ahead carry logic, parallel load registers, up/down control logic gate array (inverting/non-inverting paths), clock buffer, reset/clear circuit. Bus width labeling (D0-D3, Q0-Q3). Control signals: CLK, U/D, PE, RST. Signal flow arrows. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>CD4510 16-pin DIP pinout: 1-RESET, 2-CLOCK INHIBIT, 3-CARRY IN, 4-CARRY OUT, 5-PE (parallel enable), 6-D3 (MSB in), 7-Q3 (MSB out), 8-GND, 9-Q2, 10-D2, 11-Q1, 12-D1, 13-U/D (up/down), 14-Q0, 15-D0 (LSB in), 16-VDD. Table showing output states (binary to decimal). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Counter symbol: rectangular block with labeled pins: CLK (up arrow), U/D (up/down arrows), CLK INH, R (reset), PE, D0-D3 inputs, Q0-Q3 outputs, CO (carry out), CI (carry in). "CD4510" label inside rectangle. IEEE/ANSI standard with internal logic notation.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: CD4510 counter circuit with 7-segment display. Clock from 555 timer (astable ~1Hz), CD4510 Q0-Q3 → CD4511 BCD-to-7-segment decoder → common cathode display with 470Ω resistors. Push buttons on U/D (D13 to VCC via 10k pull-down), RESET (D12). 5V supply. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for 4-digit counter: CD4510 + CD4511 per digit, 4× 7-segment displays (common cathode), 555 timer (U1) for clock, R1=47kΩ, R2=10kΩ, C1=10µF, decoupling caps (4× 0.1µF), 28× 470Ω resistor array for segments, 4× NPN transistor (2N3904) for digit multiplexing. 100×80mm green CAD.</td>
  <td>Frequency divider: 1MHz square wave from LM555 astable → CD4510 clock input. U/D = VDD (count up). PE = VDD (parallel load disabled). RESET to GND (counting enabled). Q0-Q3 outputs → 7-segment display via CD4511. Divide by 10 counter chain: CD4510 → CD4017 decade counter → further division. All frequency taps labeled.</td>
  <td>DIP-16 package drawing: body 19.05×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side views. Notch at pin 1 end. Blueprint style, mm tolerances ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Crystal Oscillator</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 16MHz quartz crystal (HC-49S) on dark surface. Silver metal can, two leads, "16.000" frequency marking. Soft rim lighting, metallic sheen on can surface. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of HC-49S 16MHz crystal centered on white. Rectangular metal can (silver/blue), two leads extending downward, printed marking "16.000MHz HC-49S" with manufacturer logo. Centered, sharp macro focus, even lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of HC-49S crystal on white. Shows can thickness (4.5mm), hermetically sealed seam along edge (welded), lead bend at bottom, full height profile. Soft shadow. Product photography quality.</td>
  <td>Three crystal packages: HC-49S (16MHz, 11×4.5mm through-hole), HC-49S SMD (same, surface-mount with pad leads), SMD ceramic (5×3.2mm, 25MHz), SMD SiTime MEMS oscillator (4-pin 2.5×2mm). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with frequency and package name.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of quartz crystal resonator: AT-cut quartz blank (thin slab, thickness-shear mode), vacuum-deposited silver electrodes (keyhole shape) on both faces, wire bonds from electrodes to pins/resist pads, hermetically sealed metal can with inert gas fill, base with glass feedthrough. Crystal oscillation mode diagram (shear deformation). Equivalent circuit: Lm, Cm, Rm series branch + C0 parallel. Labeled technical illustration.</td>
  <td>HC-49S 2-pin pinout: pin 1 and pin 2 are symmetrical (no polarity). Case is connected to ground (typical). For SMD 4-pin oscillators: pin 1=NC, pin 2=GND, pin 3=OUT, pin 4=VCC. Equivalent circuit with Lm (series inductance), Cm (motional capacitance), Rm (ESR), C0 (shunt capacitance). Engineering layout style.</td>
  <td>Crystal symbol: two parallel vertical lines with small piezoelectric capacitor symbol at each end (rectangle). "Y1" or "X1" label with frequency "16.000MHz". Also 4-pin oscillator symbol (triangle with frequency label and VCC/GND/OUT). IEEE/ANSI standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 16MHz crystal + ATmega328P minimal system. Crystal between XTAL1 (pin 9) and XTAL2 (pin 10), two 22pF ceramic load capacitors to GND. ATMega powered by 5V with 0.1µF decoupling. Reset pin pulled high with 10kΩ. Blinking LED on D13 confirms clock operation. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB layout for crystal oscillator: ATmega328P with 16MHz HC-49S crystal placed within 5mm of XTAL1/XTAL2 pins. Two 22pF C1/C2 directly to crystal pins then to ground plane via short traces and vias. Ground copper pour underneath crystal (keep-out area). No signal traces crossing underneath. Series resistor R1=100Ω optional. Green CAD best-practice layout.</td>
  <td>Arduino minimum system: ATmega328P-PU with 16MHz HC-49S crystal, C1=C2=22pF, R1=10kΩ to VCC on RESET, D1=1N4007 from VCC to RESET (brown-out). 5V supply from 7805 regulator with 0.33µF/0.1µF caps. 100µF bulk capacitor on input. ICSP header for programming. Complete schematic with values.</td>
  <td>HC-49S crystal drawing: can 11.5×4.5mm, height 4.5mm (body), 13.5mm total seated height (including 5mm leads). Lead spacing 4.88mm, lead diameter 0.45mm. Frequency tolerance ±30ppm at 25°C. Temperature stability ±50ppm -20°C to +70°C. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">DAC</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of MCP4921 12-bit DAC IC (8-pin DIP) on dark surface. "MCP4921-E/P" markings on black epoxy body. Soft rim lighting, pins sharply focused. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of MCP4921-E/P DIP-8 centered on white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "MCP4921-E/P" with Microchip logo, date code. 4 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of MCP4921 DIP-8 on white. Package 9×6mm body, pin curvature visible, notch at pin 1. Soft shadow right. Product photography quality.</td>
  <td>Three DAC packages: DIP-8 (MCP4921 THT, 9×6mm), SOIC-8 (MCP4921 SMD, 5×4mm), MSOP-8 (MCP4921 tiny, 3×3mm). Gray gradient bg with 2mm grid. Each labeled with package type and dimensions.</td>
  <td>Block diagram of MCP4921: 12-bit SPI input shift register, input latch (double-buffered), DAC register, resistor ladder network (R-2R architecture, 12 segments), output amplifier (rail-to-rail op-amp), VREF buffer, power-on reset, LDAC control logic. Each block labeled with data bus width. Signal flow left-to-right. White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>MCP4921 8-pin pinout: 1-VDD (2.7-5.5V), 2-CS (chip select active low), 3-SCK (serial clock), 4-SDI (serial data in), 5-LDAC (latch DAC input), 6-VOUT (analog output 0-VREF), 7-VREF (reference voltage 0-VDD), 8-GND. SPI interface highlighted. Also MCP4922 dual version (14-pin). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>DAC symbol: rectangle with SPI interface on left (CS, SCK, SDI, LDAC), VREF top, VDD/GND bottom, VOUT right. Labeled "MCP4921 12-bit". Triangle output symbol for op-amp buffer inside. Standard schematic style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: MCP4921 DIP-8 centered, VOUT to oscilloscope probe (channel 1). SPI connections to Arduino: CS→D10 (green), SCK→D13 (yellow), SDI→D11 (blue), LDAC→D9 (white). VREF from TL431 precision reference (4.096V) on separate rail. Potentiometer on A0 for adjusting code value. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for precision DAC: MCP4921 SOIC-8 with fine analog/digital split. Separate analog ground plane island under VOUT/VREF. Digital traces (SPI) kept away from analog output. VREF decoupling: C1=10µF tantalum + C2=0.1µF ceramic. VDD decoupling: C3=10µF + C4=0.1µF. Output RC filter R1=100Ω, C5=1nF. 2-layer green CAD.</td>
  <td>SPI waveform generator: ATmega328P → MCP4921 DAC (SPI). DAC output → RC low-pass filter (R=1kΩ, C=0.1µF, fc=1.6kHz) → buffer op-amp (MCP6001). Arduino generates sine lookup table (256 samples) output at 1kHz through SPI interrupt. 3.3V VREF from TL431. Complete schematic with timing diagram.</td>
  <td>DIP-8 package drawing: body 9.27×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side views. Pin 1 notch at top. Blueprint mm ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">DC Motor</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of small hobby DC motor (3-6V) on dark surface. Silver metal can, rear shaft visible, solder terminals for wires. Soft rim lighting, brushed metal reflections. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of miniature DC motor centered on white. Cylindrical metal can (∅25mm), front shaft output (2mm dia, flat on one side), rear shaft with small cooling fan, two solder lug terminals (red +, black -), end cap with brush holder dimples. Sharp macro focus, even lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of DC motor on white surface. Shows 3D shape: can length (35mm), shaft projection (12mm), solder lugs, rear end cap with visible brush ring. Soft shadow right. Product photography quality.</td>
  <td>Three DC motor types: small hobby motor (∅25×35mm, 3-6V, 0.5A stall), N20 micro gearmotor (∅12mm, 6V, with planetary gearbox), 775 large motor (∅42×67mm, 12-24V, 5A). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with voltage and torque.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of brushed DC motor: permanent magnet stator (two curved ferrite magnets), wound rotor armature (3-pole, with copper windings on laminated iron core), commutator (3-segment copper ring), carbon brushes (spring-loaded against commutator), shaft with bronze bushings, end cap. Magnetic field lines shown. Current path: brush → commutator → armature coil → opposite brush. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Motor terminal identification: red wire/solder lug = positive (+), black wire/lug = negative (-). Reversing polarity reverses rotation. For encoder-equipped motors: 5-wire harness (M+, M-, VCC, GND, SIG). For 4-wire steppers: coil A (A+, A-), coil B (B+, B-). Engineering reference style.</td>
  <td>DC motor symbol: circle with "M" inside, two brush/commutator indicators (small filled rectangles touching sides), "+" and "-" for polarity. Also with tachometer (two additional leads). Also gearmotor symbol (M inside circle + gear icon). IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: DC motor driven by L293D H-bridge. L293D pins: enable 1→D9 PWM, input 1→D8, input 2→D7. Motor between output 1 and 2. 5V logic supply, 6V motor supply from battery. Flyback diodes built into L293D. Push buttons for forward/reverse (D2/D3). Speed pot on A0. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for H-bridge motor driver: L293D DIP-16 footprint, C1=0.1µF + C2=10µF decoupling on VCC1, C3=100µF on VCC2, R1=1kΩ ×4 pull-down on inputs, 2-pin screw terminal for motor, 3-pin header for MCU (PWM, DIR1, DIR2). Copper pours for heat dissipation under L293D. 40×30mm green CAD.</td>
  <td>PWM speed control: Arduino D9 (PWM) → L293D enable 1, D8→IN1, D7→IN2. Motor voltage: 6V battery. Speed set by potentiometer on A0 (0-255 PWM). Forward/Reverse push buttons with software debounce. Current sense resistor R=0.1Ω (2W) in series with motor ground → Arduino A1 for overcurrent detection. Complete schematic.</td>
  <td>Hobby DC motor dimensions: can diameter 24.5mm, can length 34mm, total length 46mm (with shaft), shaft diameter 2.0mm, shaft flat length 8mm, shaft tip diameter 2.0mm, solder lug pitch 5mm. Blueprint style with section view showing internal components. mm tolerances ±0.3mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">DC Power Supply</td>
  <td>Premium photo of adjustable 0-30V DC bench power supply front panel. Dual LED displays (voltage/current), coarse/fine adjustment knobs, output terminals (red+/black-), ON/OFF switch. Dark workshop background. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on front panel photo of 0-30V variable DC power supply on white. Two 3-digit LED displays (red voltage, green current), two concentric potentiometer knobs (coarse outer, fine inner), multi-turn, red and black binding posts (4mm), rocker power switch with green LED. Centered, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of laboratory DC power supply on workbench. Metal chassis (ventilated), rubber feet, front panel 45° tilted view, output terminals prominent, cooling vent slots on top, rear IEC power inlet visible. Soft shadow. Catalog photography style.</td>
  <td>Three DC supply types: linear bench supply (heavy, 0-30V/5A), switching bench supply (lighter, 0-30V/10A, fan-cooled), compact module (LM2596 buck converter, 3-40V input, 1.25-37V out). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with specs.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of linear DC supply: mains transformer (toroidal, 230V→24V AC), bridge rectifier (4× 1N5408), filter capacitor bank (2× 4700µF/50V), series pass transistor array (2N3055 ×2 on large heatsink), control amplifier (LM723 or op-amp), voltage reference (TL431), current sense resistor (0.1Ω 5W), feedback network (potentiometer divider). Signal flow labeled. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Front panel connector pinout: output binding posts (red = +V, black = COM/GND). Ground terminal (green/yellow = earth/chassis). Binding post spacing 19mm standard. For module supplies: IN+ (input +), IN- (input GND), OUT+ (output +), OUT- (output GND), ADJ (trim pot). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>DC power supply symbols: left: variable DC output (circle with +V and COM, arrow through for variable). Right: regulated DC source (rectangle with +V, COM). Also three-terminal regulator symbol (LM317 with ADJ, IN, OUT). IEEE/ANSI standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: adjustable supply prototype using LM338 regulator. LM338 TO-220 with bolt-on heatsink. Input from 24V AC wall adapter → bridge rectifier DB107 → 1000µF filter cap → LM338 (IN/ADJ/OUT). Voltage set by 5k pot + 120Ω resistor. Output adjustable 1.25-30V. Output filtering: 10µF + 0.1µF. Multimeter measuring output. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for 0-30V 5A supply: LM723 voltage regulator controller, 2N3055 power transistor in parallel with 0.1Ω emitter ballast resistors, 1N4007 protection diodes, 2× 4700µF/50V filter caps, bridge rectifier KBPC5006 on heatsink, 5kΩ multi-turn pot, 22kΩ feedback resistor, transformer connector. Heavy 3mm traces for power path. Ground plane. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>0-30V 5A variable supply: 24V AC toroidal transformer → KBPC5006 bridge → 4700µF C1 → LM723 (pin 11 VIN, pin 5 VREF). Series pass: LM723 pin 10 → R1=1kΩ → 2N3055 ×2 (Darlington). Voltage set: R3=22kΩ, R4=5kΩ pot between VREF(6.95V) and GND. Current limit: R_S=0.1Ω from GND to pin 3. Output: 0-30V, 0-5A. Full schematic.</td>
  <td>Bench power supply enclosure drawing: 200W×130H×250D mm. Front panel: display cutout 45×20mm each, knob ∅20mm at (x=50,y=60) and (x=50,y=100), binding posts at (x=150,y=60) and (x=150,y=100), switch at (x=10,y=15). Vent slots 3×50mm at 5mm pitch on top. Rubber feet ∅15mm at corners. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Decoder</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 74HC238 3-to-8 line decoder IC (16-pin DIP) on dark surface. "74HC238N" markings visible, gray epoxy body. Soft rim lighting, shallow depth of field. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 74HC238N DIP-16 centered on white. Gray epoxy body, pin 1 notch at top-left, laser markings "74HC238N", manufacturer logo, date code. 8 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 74HC238 DIP-16 on white. Package 19×6mm body, 16 pins with visible curvature, notch at pin 1, slight pin splay outward. Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three decoder packages: DIP-16 (74HC238 THT), SOIC-16 (74HC238 SMD, 10×4mm), TSSOP-16 (74HC238 ultra-thin, 5×4.4mm). Gray bg with 2mm grid scale. Each labeled with package and pin count.</td>
  <td>Internal logic diagram of 74HC238: three-input NAND gate array for 8 outputs (Y0-Y7), three address input buffers (A0-A2), three enable gates (E1 active low, E2 active low, E3 active high), output drivers (CMOS inverters). Truth table diagram overlaid: 3-bit input → 1-of-8 active high output. Boolean equations for each output. White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>74HC238 16-pin DIP pinout: 1-A0 (address input LSB), 2-A1, 3-A2 (address input MSB), 4-E1 (enable active low), 5-E2 (enable active low), 6-E3 (enable active high), 7-Y7 (output 7 MSB), 8-GND, 9-Y6, 10-Y5, 11-Y4, 12-Y3, 13-Y2, 14-Y1, 15-Y0 (output 0 LSB), 16-VCC. Input capacitance 3.5pF per pin. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Decoder symbol: 3-to-8 line decoder block — 3 address inputs (A0-A2) on left, 3 enable inputs (E1, E2, E3), 8 outputs (Y0-Y7) on right, with "3-TO-8 DEC" or "74HC238" inside rectangle. Standard IEEE/ANSI rectangular block symbol with internal busses.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 74HC238 address decoding. A0-A2 from Arduino D2-D4 (address bits), Y0 connected to LED+470Ω (chip select simulation). I2C EEPROM (24LC256) connected: CS from Y0 output. E1=GND, E2=GND, E3=5V (enabled). Address sweep code on Arduino cycles through outputs lighting each LED. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for memory address decoder: 74HC238 SOIC-16, input pull-down resistors R1-R3=10kΩ on A0-A2, enable pull-up R4=10kΩ on E3, LED indicators D1-D8 with R5-R12=470Ω per output, decoupling C1=0.1µF. Outputs connected to chip-enable pins of 8 memory/IO devices via headers. 50×30mm green CAD.</td>
  <td>Memory bank selector: 8051 microcontroller P1.0-P1.2 → 74HC238 A0-A2 input. Y0 → RAM chip 1 CE, Y1 → RAM chip 2 CE, Y2 → EEPROM CS, Y3 → LCD EN, Y4-Y7 → I/O expanders. E1=GND, E2=GND, E3=VCC. Address mapping: 0x00-0x1F RAM1, 0x20-0x3F RAM2, 0x40-0x5F EEPROM, etc. Complete schematic.</td>
  <td>DIP-16 package drawing: body 19.05×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side orthographic views. Blueprint style, mm ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Demultiplexer</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 74HC154 4-to-16 demultiplexer IC (24-pin DIP) on dark surface. "74HC154N" markings on gray epoxy body, 24 pins visible. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 74HC154N DIP-24 centered on white. Gray epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "74HC154N", 12 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp focus across wide package.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 74HC154 DIP-24 on white. Wide package 30×6.6mm body, 24 pins with gentle curve, notch at pin 1. Soft shadow. Product photography quality.</td>
  <td>Three demux packages: DIP-24 (74HC154 THT, 30×6.6mm), SOIC-24 (74HC154 SMD, 15×7.5mm), TSSOP-24 (compact 7.8×4.4mm). Gray bg with scale grid. Each labeled with pin count and dimensions.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of 74HC154: two 3-to-8 decoders combined with 4 address inputs (A0-A3), two active-low enables (E1, E2), 16 active-low outputs (Y0-Y15). Input buffers, 4-to-16 decoding logic (NOR gate matrix per output), output inverters. Truth table: 4-bit binary input enables exactly one of 16 outputs LOW. Boolean equations shown. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>74HC154 24-pin DIP pinout: 1-GND, 2-Y15, 3-Y14, 4-Y13, 5-Y12, 6-Y11, 7-Y10, 8-Y9, 9-Y8, 10-Y7, 11-Y6, 12-Y5, 13-Y4, 14-Y3, 15-Y2, 16-Y1, 17-Y0 (output 0), 18-A0 (LSB address), 19-A1, 20-A2, 21-A3 (MSB address), 22-E1 (enable active low), 23-E2 (enable active low), 24-VCC. Engineering reference style.</td>
  <td>Demultiplexer symbol: 4-to-16 line demultiplexer block — 4 address inputs (A0-A3) left, 2 enables (E1, E2), 16 outputs (Y0-Y15) right. Each output labeled "0" through "15". "4-TO-16 DEMUX" or "74HC154" inside. IEEE/ANSI rectangular block standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 74HC154 demux driving 16 LEDs. A0-A3 from Arduino D2-D5, E1=E2=GND (enabled). Y0-Y15 connected to 16× LED + 470Ω resistor array to VCC (outputs active low so LED cathode to Y, anode to VCC via resistor). Binary counter code sweeps address 0-15 lighting each LED sequentially. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for 16-channel LED matrix driver: 74HC154 SOIC-24, 16× 470Ω resistor array (R1-R16), 16× green LED (D1-D16), decoupling C1-C2=0.1µF+10µF, 4× 10kΩ pull-down on address inputs, 2× 10kΩ pull-up on enables. Outputs drive LED cathodes (active low). Address inputs from header J1. 60×40mm green CAD.</td>
  <td>16-input data selector: 74HC154 used as demultiplexer for 16 channels of sensor data. Arduino → A0-A3 (address), Y0-Y15 → 16× analog multiplexer (74HC4051) enable pins. Single ADC reads 16 channels sequentially. E1=E2=GND (always enabled). Timing diagram: address changes every 100µs, ADC takes reading at each channel. Complete schematic.</td>
  <td>DIP-24 package drawing: body 30.2×6.6mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 15.24mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side orthographic views. Pin 1 notch indicator. Blueprint style, mm ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Diac</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of DB3 diac on dark surface. Cylindrical black epoxy body (DO-35), two leads, "DB3" cathode band. Soft rim lighting, shallow depth of field. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of DB3 diac (DO-35 package) centered on white. Cylindrical black glass/epoxy body, two axial leads, cathode band (white/red) at one end, part marking "DB3" printed on body. Sharp macro focus, even lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of DB3 diac on white. DO-35 body cylindrical shape (4×2mm), wire leads extending axially, cathode band, slight lead curvature. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three diac/triac trigger packages: DB3 DO-35 (glass axial, 2-lead), SMDB3 SMD (SMA/DO-214AA, surface mount), standard diac in SOT-23. Gray bg with scale and 5mm grid. Each labeled with type and V_BO (breakover voltage).</td>
  <td>Cross-section of diac silicon die: N-P-N-P-N five-layer semiconductor structure (bidirectional breakdown). Two terminal contacts (MT1, MT2) at each end, silicon die mounted on lead frame, wire bonds, glass passivation, epoxy body. VI characteristic overlaid: symmetrical breakdown in both directions at V_BO ≈ 32V. I-V curve: S-shaped negative resistance region. Labeled technical illustration.</td>
  <td>DB3 diac pinout: no polarity — fully symmetrical bidirectional device. Both terminals are identical (MT1, MT2 interchangeable). For SMD variant (SMDB3): terminals A1 and A2 on package bottom. DB3 specifications: V_BO = 32V ±4V, I_BO = 50µA max, symmetrical breakdown. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Diac symbol: two diacs in anti-parallel (two triangles pointing toward each other) inside a circle, with two terminals. Equivalent to a bidirectional trigger diode. Alternative symbol: two zener diodes back-to-back in circle. "DB3" labeled. IEEE/ANSI standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: diac-based relaxation oscillator. 100kΩ pot + 0.1µF cap in series from 50V DC supply (isolated). DB3 diac across cap, output pulse drives TRIAC gate through 220Ω resistor. Neon indicator at output. Breadboard with high-voltage warning label. Oscilloscope probe across cap showing sawtooth waveform. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for AC phase control trigger: DB3 diac, TRIAC (BT136-600) on heatsink area, R1=100kΩ pot (timing), R2=220Ω gate resistor, C1=0.1µF 250V cap, R3=10kΩ pull-down from gate to MT1. MOV (14D471) across AC input, 0.01µF snubber (R4=100Ω+C2=0.01µF) across TRIAC. 50×35mm green CAD with high-voltage clearance.</td>
  <td>Light dimmer/temperature controller circuit: 230V AC → load (lamp/heater) → TRIAC BT136 → neutral. DIAC DB3 in series with gate via R2=220Ω. RC timing: R1=100kΩ pot + C1=0.1µF from gate to MT1. Phase angle adjustable from 5° to 170°. Snubber: R3=100Ω, C2=0.01µF across TRIAC. Fuse F1=1A. Full schematic with all component values and ratings.</td>
  <td>DB3 DO-35 package drawing: body diameter 3.8mm, body length 4.5mm, overall length 55mm (including 25mm leads each side), lead diameter 0.55mm. Breakover voltage V_BO 32V ±4V. Lead spacing at body 4.5mm. Blueprint style with both side and end views. mm ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Diode</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 1N4007 rectifier diode on dark surface. Black epoxy body (DO-41), gray/silver cathode band at one end, two axial leads with visible forming. Soft rim lighting, metallic lead reflections. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of 1N4007 diode (DO-41) centered on white. Cylindrical black epoxy body, cathode band (painted gray or white) clearly visible at one end, printed marking "1N4007" on body, two tin-plated copper axial leads formed in a "V" shape. Even lighting, sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 1N4007 DO-41 diode on white. Shows cylindrical body (5×2.5mm), cathode band orientation, lead forming, 3D depth. Soft shadow. Product photography quality.</td>
  <td>Five diode types side-by-side: 1N4007 DO-41 (1A rectifier, 5mm body), 1N4148 DO-35 (signal, 3.6mm), 1N5819 DO-41 (Schottky, low Vf), 1N4733A DO-41 (zener 5.1V), SMD SOD-123 (BAT54 Schottky, 2.5mm). Gray bg with 2mm grid scale. Each labeled with type and application.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of 1N4007 silicon die: P-N junction — P-type silicon anode (boron-doped), N-type silicon cathode (phosphorus-doped) diffused into N+ substrate, metallization layers (aluminum on anode, silver-tin on cathode), wire bond connection, molded epoxy body (DO-41). Depletion region shown at junction. Current flow direction arrow. Reverse bias breakdown diagram (1000V PIV). Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>1N4007 DO-41 pinout: anode (A, +, no band), cathode (K, -, banded side). Standard electrical polarity: conventional current flows anode→cathode. Schottky 1N5819: same orientation, cathode band. Zener 1N4733A: cathode band still at cathode (schematic symbol oriented opposite in reverse breakdown). Standard engineering pinout reference.</td>
  <td>Diode symbols: (1) Standard rectifier — triangle pointing to vertical line (arrowhead + bar), anode (triangle), cathode (bar). (2) Schottky — same but with "S" bend. (3) Zener — angled lines at cathode bar. (4) LED — with two outward arrows. (5) Photodiode — with inward arrows. All labeled. IEEE/ANSI standard, black on white.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: half-wave rectifier circuit. 1N4007 diode in series with 9V AC transformer output (center tap). 1kΩ load resistor. 100µF electrolytic filter cap from cathode to GND (polarity correct). Oscilloscope probe at input (AC ripple, channel 1) and output (rectified DC, channel 2). Multimeter measuring DC voltage. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for full-wave bridge rectifier: 4× 1N4007 diodes (D1-D4) in bridge configuration, C1=2200µF 35V radial electrolytic, C2=0.1µF ceramic, PCB screw terminals for AC input (2-pin) and DC output (2-pin). Wide 2mm power traces. Input fuse F1=1A. Ground plane on bottom for heatsinking. 40×30mm single-layer green CAD.</td>
  <td>Full-wave bridge rectifier + 7805 regulator: 12V AC input → 4× 1N4007 bridge → C1=470µF filter → 7805 (TO-220) with C2=0.33µF input cap, C3=0.1µF output cap. Output: 5V DC regulated. 1N4007 across 7805 input-output for reverse polarity protection (D5, anode to GND). LED indicator D6 with R1=330Ω from 5V. Full schematic with all values and pin numbers.</td>
  <td>1N4007 DO-41 package drawing: body diameter 2.7mm, body length 5.2mm, total length 55mm (including 25mm leads each side), lead diameter 0.78mm (AWG20). Cathode band width 3mm. Seated height on PCB 10mm (with 5mm lead spacing). Blueprint style with side and end views. mm ±0.2mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Motor Driver IC</td>
  <td>Premium product photograph of L298N dual H-bridge motor driver module on dark surface. Blue PCB with large heatsink on L298N IC, screw terminals, 5V/12V jumpers, power LED. Soft rim lighting, shallow depth of field. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Studio-quality top-down of L298N module on pure white. Blue PCB centered, L298N Multiwatt-15 IC (15-pin) with riveted aluminum heatsink, 4 screw terminals (motor A/B outputs), 3-pin header for logic inputs, 5V enable jumper, power-on LED, 5V regulator (78M05) for logic supply. Macro detail.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of L298N module on white studio surface. 3D depth: PCB 1.6mm thickness, large finned heatsink projecting above IC, screw terminals raised, 5V regulator TO-220, power/jumper headers. Soft shadow right. Industrial product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three motor driver packages side-by-side: L298N Multiwatt-15 (horizontal with heatsink tab), L293D DIP-16 (quad half-H), DRV8833 SOP-16 (dual H-bridge for low voltage). Gray gradient bg with 2mm grid. Each labeled with package and max current rating.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of L298N: two independent H-bridge circuits (Bridge A and Bridge B), each with 4 Darlington transistors (top-left/top-right/bottom-left/bottom-right), enable logic inputs (ENA/ENB), logic input buffers (IN1-IN4), sense resistors for current feedback, flyback diodes (internal clamp diodes) shown connecting each output to VS and GND. Signal flow highlighted. White bg, technical illustration.</td>
  <td>L298N Multiwatt-15 pinout: 1-SENSE_A, 2-OUT1, 3-OUT2, 4-VS (motor supply 12V), 5-IN1, 6-ENA, 7-IN2, 8-GND, 9-VSS (logic 5V), 10-IN3, 11-ENB, 12-IN4, 13-OUT3, 14-OUT4, 15-SENSE_B. Also module header pinout (ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, ENB, 5V, GND). Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Dual H-bridge symbol: two stacked H-bridge blocks, each labeled "H-Bridge A" and "H-Bridge B". Inputs IN1-IN4 on left, enables ENA/ENB, outputs OUT1-OUT4 on right, VS and VSS power top, GND bottom. Motor load shown connected to outputs. IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Real breadboard photo: L298N module at breadboard edge or beside it. Arduino Uno connected to IN1-IN4 (D8-D11) and ENA/ENB (D5-D6). Two DC motors (6V) connected to screw terminals. External 9V battery for motor supply. GND common between Arduino and L298N. Clean wiring, natural light.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for dual H-bridge: L298N Multiwatt footprint with large copper heatsink zone, 4× flyback diodes (1N4007) near outputs, 5V regulator (78M05) with input cap C1=0.33µF and output cap C2=0.1µF, 5 screw terminal blocks (2-pin), 8-pin logic header, 10× 0.1µF decoupling caps. Wide 2mm motor power traces, star ground, ground plane pour.</td>
  <td>Bi-directional DC motor control circuit: Arduino D5 (ENA PWM) → L298N ENA, D8 (IN1), D9 (IN2). Motor A across OUT1-OUT2. Arduino D6 (ENB PWM), D10 (IN3), D11 (IN4). Motor B across OUT3-OUT4. 12V battery to VS, 5V regulator to VSS. 0.1µF decoupling on each motor output to GND. All values labeled. Full schematic with direction truth table.</td>
  <td>Multiwatt-15 package drawing: body width 22mm, length 20mm, seated height 4.8mm, pin pitch 1.27mm, row spacing 18.5mm, heatsink tab width 12.5mm, pin width 0.5mm, pin length 3.5mm. Top and side views. Heatsink installation shown with M3 screw. Blueprint style, mm tolerances.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Multiplexer</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 74HC4051 8-channel analog multiplexer IC (16-pin DIP) on dark surface. Chip markings "74HC4051N" visible, pins sharply in focus. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 74HC4051 DIP-16 centered on white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch at top-left, laser markings "74HC4051N" and date code readable, 8 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp focus across body.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 74HC4051 DIP-16 on white surface. Package profile: body 19×6mm, pin curve visible, notch at pin 1 end, pins splayed slightly outward. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three mux packages side-by-side: 74HC4051 DIP-16 (THT), 74HC4051 SOIC-16 (SMD), and 74HC4067 16-channel mux (TQFP-44). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with package type, pin count, and number of channels.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of 74HC4051: 8-channel analog switch array (SPST switches S0-S7), 3-to-8 decoder/demux control logic with inhibit input, common input/output (Z) bus, independent VCC (digital) and VEE (analog) supplies for level shifting. Each switch shown as CMOS transmission gate (parallel N-channel and P-channel MOSFET) with ON resistance labeled. White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>74HC4051 16-pin DIP pinout: 1-Y4, 2-Y6, 3-Z (common), 4-Y7, 5-Y5, 6-INH (inhibit), 7-VEE (analog neg supply), 8-GND, 9-S3 (address), 10-S2 (address), 11-S1 (address), 12-S0 (address), 13-Y0, 14-Y1, 15-Y2, 16-VCC. Address truth table and inhibit logic. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Analog multiplexer symbol: 8:1 mux symbol — trapezoid/rectangle with 8 analog inputs (Y0-Y7) on left, common output Z on right, 3 address lines (S0-S2) on bottom, inhibit (INH) on top, VCC/VEE/GND power pins. Standard IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 74HC4051 DIP centered, 8 pot dividers (10kΩ each) on inputs Y0-Y7 from 5V rail, address lines S0-S2 via Arduino D2-D4, inhibit to GND. Common output Z to Arduino A0. Serial monitor displaying selected channel voltage. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer PCB for 8-channel analog mux: 74HC4051 footprint with analog input traces kept equal length (10mm ±2mm), 0.1µF decoupling cap at VCC and VEE, GND guard trace around analog inputs to reduce crosstalk, 10-pin input header, 3-pin address header, output BNC connector. Clean separation between digital and analog. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Multi-channel data acquisition circuit: 8 sensors (LM35 temp, photoresistor LDR, flex sensor, etc.) each buffered by LM358 op-amp → 74HC4051 inputs Y0-Y7. Mux output Z → rail-to-rail buffer → Arduino A0. Address S0-S2 controlled by Arduino D2-D4. 0.1µF cap on each analog input for anti-aliasing. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>DIP-16 package drawing: body 19.05×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side views. Pin 1 notch and dot indicators. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">OLED Display</td>
  <td>Premium product photograph of 0.96" 128×64 I2C OLED display module on dark surface. Blue PCB, white OLED glass panel, 4-pin header visible. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Studio-quality top-down of 0.96" OLED module on pure white. Blue PCB (27×27mm), OLED glass panel (0.96" diagonal) showing active area rectangle, 4-pin header (VCC, GND, SCL, SDA) at bottom edge, SSD1306 driver IC under glass or on back, decoupling capacitor visible. Centered, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of OLED module on white surface. 3D depth: PCB 1.6mm thickness, glass panel raised ~1.5mm above PCB surface, 4-pin header extending below, flex cable connection. Soft shadow right. Glossy glass reflection visible.</td>
  <td>Three OLED display types side-by-side: 0.96" 128×64 I2C module (blue/gold PCB), 1.3" SH1106 128×64 white OLED, 0.91" 128×32 OLED mini module. Gray bg with scale ruler. Each labeled with diagonal and resolution.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of OLED pixel structure: glass substrate, indium tin oxide (ITO) anode, hole transport layer (HTL), organic emissive layer (red/green/blue subpixels), electron transport layer (ETL), metal cathode, encapsulation layer. Each layer labeled with thickness in nm. Light emission diagram showing electron-hole recombination producing photons. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>4-pin I2C header pinout: 1-VCC (3.3V/5V), 2-GND, 3-SCL (serial clock, pull-up to VCC via 4.7kΩ), 4-SDA (serial data, pull-up via 4.7kΩ). I2C address options: 0x3C (default) or 0x3D by bridging SA0 pad. Alternative SPI header pinout (7-pin: CS, DC, RES, SCLK, MOSI, VCC, GND). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>I2C OLED symbol: generic display symbol — rectangle with label "OLED 128×64", I2C interface showing SCL/SDA, VCC/GND power pins. Also SPI version with CS/DC/RES/SCLK/MOSI. SSD1306 inside label. IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Real breadboard photo: OLED module plugged into breadboard, 4-pin header connected via jumper wires: VCC→5V rail, GND→GND, SCL→A5 (Arduino Uno SCL), SDA→A4 (SDA). Arduino Uno beside breadboard with USB cable. Display showing text "Hello World" and a counter. Natural light, clean wiring.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for OLED breakout: SSD1306 driver IC footprint (COG — chip on glass — or SOIC-28 on back), 4-pin I2C header J1, 0.1µF decoupling cap C1 near VCC, 4.7kΩ pull-up resistors R1-R2 for SCL/SDA, I2C address select jumper (SA0), 4 mounting holes M2 at corners. Board 27×27mm. Clean layout.</td>
  <td>Arduino weather station display circuit: I2C OLED (SDA→A4, SCL→A5), DHT22 temp/humidity sensor (D2), BMP280 barometric pressure (I2C same bus). 4.7kΩ pull-ups on SDA/SCL. 0.1µF bypass on each module. Arduino Uno reads sensors every 2s and updates OLED with temperature, humidity, pressure. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>0.96" OLED module dimensions: PCB 27×27mm, glass active area 21.7×11.2mm (diagonal 0.96"), glass overall 24.5×14.5mm, board thickness 1.6mm, glass thickness 1.5mm. Pin header 4×2.54mm pitch. Mounting holes ∅2.5mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Op-Amp</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of LM358 dual op-amp IC (8-pin DIP) on dark surface. "LM358N" markings visible, pins sharp. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of LM358N DIP-8 centered on pure white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "LM358N" and manufacturer logo/date code readable, 4 pins each side. Even macro lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of LM358 DIP-8 on white. Package profile: body 9×6mm, pin curve visible, notch at pin 1 end. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three op-amp packages side-by-side: LM358 DIP-8 (dual, THT), LM358 SOIC-8 (dual, SMD), and LM741 DIP-8 (single, classic). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with package and number of amplifiers.</td>
  <td>Internal schematic of LM358: dual operational amplifier showing each amplifier's internal circuitry — differential input stage (Q1-Q4 NPN pair with current mirror load Q5-Q6), second gain stage (Q7-Q8 Darlington), Class AB output stage (Q9 NPN, Q10 PNP) with short-circuit protection. Current sources (Q11-Q14) and bias network. Key resistor values labeled. Signal path highlighted. White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>LM358 DIP-8 pinout: 1-OUT A, 2-IN- A (inverting), 3-IN+ A (non-inverting), 4-GND (V-), 5-IN+ B (non-inverting), 6-IN- B (inverting), 7-OUT B, 8-VCC (V+). Typical supply range 3-32V single or ±1.5-16V dual. Pin 1 dot indicator. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>Standard op-amp symbol: triangle with IN- (inverting input, -), IN+ (non-inverting input, +), VOUT, V+ and V- supply pins. Labeled "LM358" inside. Dual package represented as two separate triangles. IEEE/ANSI style, black on white.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: LM358 DIP-8 centered on breadboard. Non-inverting amplifier: input from 10k pot to IN+ (pin 3), IN- (pin 2) with feedback loop R2=100kΩ from output (pin 1) and R1=10kΩ to GND. Gain = 1+R2/R1 = 11. 9V battery supply. Multimeter measuring output. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for LM358 dual amplifier: LM358 DIP-8 footprint centered, R1-R4 (0603 resistors) for gain settings, C1-C2 (0.1µF decoupling caps) at VCC pin, input/output screw terminal blocks, power entry with 10µF bulk cap. Guard ring around input traces. Clean layout demonstrating analog design best practices.</td>
  <td>Active low-pass filter circuit: 2nd-order Sallen-Key low-pass using LM358 (one section). Cutoff frequency 1kHz: R1=R2=15.9kΩ (std 16kΩ), C1=C2=0.01µF. Unity gain configuration (op-amp as buffer). Signal input from function generator, output to oscilloscope. Transfer function: H(s)=1/(1+R1C1s+R1R2C1C2s²). All values labeled.</td>
  <td>DIP-8 package drawing: body 9.27×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Top and side views. Pin 1 notch and dot. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">PCB / Perfboard</td>
  <td>Premium product photo of bare prototype perfboard (5×7cm) on dark surface. FR4 substrate, copper pads in grid, solder mask (green/gold). Soft rim lighting, grid lines visible. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight top-down of 5×7cm perfboard on pure white. FR4 fiberglass board with green solder mask (or gold-plated pads), 0.1" (2.54mm) hole grid visible as square pads in rows/columns, edge of board shows raw FR4 material (light brown). Centered, sharp macro focus across entire board.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of perfboard on white surface. Shows board thickness (1.6mm), copper pad rings flush with surface, hole grid depth, raw FR4 fiber weave at edges. Soft shadow right. 3D board presence clear.</td>
  <td>Three prototype board types: breadboard (solderless 830-point), perfboard (copper pads 5×7cm), stripboard/Veroboard (parallel copper strips, 5×7cm). Gray bg with ruler. Each labeled with type and hole count.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of FR4 PCB laminate structure: copper foil (1oz = 35µm top layer), prepreg (glass fiber + epoxy resin), FR4 core (woven glass fabric + epoxy, 1.2mm or 1.6mm), bottom copper foil. Layer thicknesses labeled. Also through-hole plating showing copper barrel (25µm) connecting top and bottom pads. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Perfboard grid layout: hole spacing 2.54mm (0.1") in X and Y, hole diameter 0.9mm (suitable for component leads), copper pad diameter 1.8mm (typically), board dimensions 70mm × 50mm (196 holes per row × 140 rows approx). Edge clearance 5mm from board edge to first row. Engineering diagram.</td>
  <td>Symbol: generic PCB outline symbol — rectangle with rounded corners, dimension labels, mounting hole indicators (crosshair circles), board outline layer. Used for PCB assembly drawings. Standard IPC-2611 style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: perfboard standing vertically on breadboard via header pins. Components soldered on perfboard: resistors, capacitor, IC socket. Jumper wires connecting perfboard to Arduino on adjacent breadboard. Top-down showing both breadboard and soldered perfboard.</td>
  <td>PCB design for perfboard-to-proto conversion: perfboard with traces drawn by hand or CAD, showing component placement of simple circuit (555 timer + LED flasher) with solder bridges connecting pads, cut traces indicated by X marks. Green CAD rendering of "virtual perfboard" layout.</td>
  <td>Voltage regulator on perfboard: 7805 TO-220 with input cap C1=0.33µF, output cap C2=0.1µF, protection diode D1=1N4002. Input from screw terminal (7-12V), output to screw terminal (5V). Ground plane on bottom using solder bridges. All values labeled. Example prototype circuit.</td>
  <td>5×7cm perfboard drawing: 70±0.5mm × 50±0.5mm, thickness 1.6mm, corner radius 3mm. Grid: 2.54mm pitch, 28 holes × 20 holes, hole ∅0.9mm, pad ∅1.8mm. Edge clearance 5mm. Mounting holes ∅3.2mm at 4 corners. Blueprint style mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Photodiode</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of BPW21 silicon PIN photodiode on dark surface. Glass/metal TO-5 package, round active area visible. Soft rim lighting, metallic sheen. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of BPW21 photodiode on pure white. TO-5 metal can package centered, round glass window revealing active photodiode die area, circular black backing, two radial leads extending downward. Laser markings on can side readable. Sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of BPW21 photodiode on white. TO-5 can profile visible: metal can height 6mm, diameter 9mm, glass window recessed ~0.5mm, leads curving out from bottom. Soft shadow right. Metallic reflection on gold or silver leads.</td>
  <td>Three photodiode types side-by-side: BPW21 (TO-5, large area 7.5mm² high sensitivity), SFH205 (SMD, surface-mount 4×4mm), BPW34 (clear epoxy DIP, 2-pin 3×7mm). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with active area and spectral response.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of PIN photodiode: p-type silicon top layer (thin, ~1µm), intrinsic I-layer (wide depletion region, ~50µm), n-type silicon substrate. Antireflective coating on top, metal contact ring, cathode/anode bonding wires, TO-5 metal can base. Photon absorption diagram showing electron-hole pair generation in I-layer. Depletion region width labeled. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>2-pin photodiode pinout: anode (long lead, positive bias), cathode (short lead, negative bias). Reverse bias operation: cathode to VCC through load resistor, anode to GND. Also polarity marking on SMD package (cathode marked with stripe). Typical reverse voltage 20V max, dark current 10nA. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Photodiode symbol: standard photodiode symbol — diode arrow symbol with two inward-pointing light arrows (photons) striking the PN junction. Anode (triangle), cathode (bar). Labeled "PD1" with BPW21. Also PIN photodiode variant. IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: BPW21 photodiode with transimpedance amplifier using LM358. Photodiode reverse biased (anode→GND, cathode→10kΩ→5V), cathode also connected to op-amp IN- (pin 2). Feedback Rf=100kΩ, Cf=10pF. Op-amp output to Arduino A0. LED indicator showing light intensity. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer PCB for photodiode transimpedance amplifier: BPW21 footprint with guard ring (driven at same potential as input to reduce leakage), LM358 SOIC-8, Rf=100kΩ 0805, Cf=10pF NP0/C0G, input/output header, 0.1µF decoupling plus 10µF bulk cap. Signal traces as short as possible. Ground plane underneath with cutout under photodiode if needed. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Light intensity measurement circuit: BPW21 photodiode (anode GND, cathode to TIA input), LM358 TIA with Rf=470kΩ, Cf=47pF for 10kHz bandwidth. Vref=2.5V from TL431 for single-supply operation (output = Vref + I_photo × Rf). Output to Arduino A0 + I2C OLED display. Formula output voltage calculation shown. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>TO-5 package drawing: can diameter 9.4mm, can height 6.8mm, window diameter 5.0mm, window recess 0.5mm, lead diameter 0.45mm, lead spacing 5.08mm (0.2"), lead length 20mm, total seated height 10mm. Top and side views. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Phototransistor</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 5mm phototransistor (L-51ROPT1D1) on dark surface. Clear epoxy dome package, three leads visible, die inside. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 5mm clear epoxy phototransistor on pure white. Circular domed lens (∅5mm) centered, die/bond wire visible inside the clear package, 3 leads (short cathode, long anode, base) extending downward. Dark/IR-sensitive die color. Sharp macro focus through lens.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 5mm phototransistor on white. Clear dome profile: height 8.7mm from seating plane, 5mm diameter, curved lens surface refracting light, 3 leads with flat orientation tab (collector side). Soft shadow right. Shows internal die through lens.</td>
  <td>Three phototransistor types: 5mm clear epoxy (L-51ROPT1D1, visible/IR), 3mm clear epoxy (PT333-3C), SMD phototransistor (B3T-P, 2.5×2.5mm). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with package and peak spectral sensitivity (nm).</td>
  <td>Cross-section of NPN phototransistor: photodiode base-collector junction (large area), then transistor structure: n-type collector (substrate), p-type base, n-type emitter. Photon absorption creates electron-hole pairs in base-collector depletion region → amplified by transistor gain (β=100-500). Illustration of photocurrent amplification mechanism with electron flow arrows. Labeled: incident photons, base floating (2-lead) or external (3-lead). Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Phototransistor 3-pin pinout (L-51ROPT1D1): collector (C, short lead, flat side), emitter (E, long lead), base (B, middle lead). For 2-lead version: longer lead is collector, shorter is emitter. Typical Vce max 30V, Ic max 20mA, dark current 100nA. Sensitivity axis: perpendicular to lens. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Phototransistor symbol: NPN transistor symbol with two inward-pointing light arrows hitting the base. Collector (C), Emitter (E). Optional base (B) shown dashed. Labeled "Q1" or "PT1". Also Darlington phototransistor variant (two NPN symbols). IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 5mm phototransistor with collector to 5V through 10kΩ load resistor R1, emitter to GND. Output voltage at collector-A0 pin varies with light. Arduino reads voltage and drives LED D13 for light threshold detection. Object passing between IR LED and phototransistor demonstrates break-beam sensor. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for IR break-beam sensor: IR phototransistor (PT334-6B) SMD footprint, R1=10kΩ collector pull-up, R2=100Ω in series with IR LED, J1=4-pin header (VCC, GND, SENSOR_OUT, LED_CTRL). LM393 dual comparator with hysteresis for clean digital output. Green CAD, 20×15mm board.</td>
  <td>Object detection circuit: 5mm IR LED (940nm) → R1=100Ω → 5V continuous. IR phototransistor (L-51ROPT1D1) collector → 10kΩ pull-up → 5V, emitter → GND. Output to LM393 non-inverting input (+), 10kΩ pot voltage divider to inverting input (-) for threshold. LM393 output → Arduino D2 interrupt. Range adjust: 2-30cm. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>5mm clear epoxy phototransistor drawing: dome height 8.7mm, body diameter 5mm, flange diameter 5.8mm, flange thickness 3.2mm, seating plane, lead diameter 0.5mm, lead pitch 2.54mm, lead length 15mm. Light sensitive area center of dome. Blueprint style mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Potentiometer</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 10kΩ linear trimmer pot (3296W) on dark surface. Blue/white rectangular body, adjustment screw top, 3 pins. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 3296W 10kΩ trimmer pot on pure white. Rectangular blue ceramic body (9.5×5mm), white adjustment screw in center with slot, 3 pins (1-2-3, 0.1" pitch), printed "3296W" and "103" (10kΩ). Centered, sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 3296W trimmer on white. Body profile visible: blue case with metallic wiper inside slot, 3 pins extending downward, white adjustment screw raised above body. Soft shadow right. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Three potentiometer types side-by-side: 3296W 10kΩ trimmer (multi-turn, 25-turn), RK09L 10kΩ rotary pot (panel mount, 3-lug), slide pot (10kΩ linear travel 30mm). Gray bg with mm scale. Each labeled with type, value, and power rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of cermet trimmer potentiometer: ceramic substrate (alumina) with resistive element (cermet thick film, laser-trimmed), metal wiper contact arm (multi-finger beryllium copper), adjustment screw (stainless steel) with leadscrew mechanism for multi-turn adjustment, terminal pins (tin-plated brass), cover (molded plastic). Wiper contact pressure and traces path shown. Labeled: resistive track, wiper, terminal 1-2-3. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Trimmer pot 3-pin pinout: pin 1 (CW/terminal A) — clockwise end, pin 2 (wiper/terminal W) — adjustable output, pin 3 (CCW/terminal B) — counter-clockwise end. 10kΩ total resistance between pins 1-3. Adjustment direction: CW increases resistance pin 1-2, decreases pin 2-3. Engineering style, printed "103" code explained (10 × 10³ = 10kΩ).</td>
  <td>Potentiometer symbol: standard IEEE — three-terminal resistor with arrow connected to center (wiper). Terminal labels A, W, B (or 1, 2, 3). Also variable resistor symbol (resistor with diagonal arrow). Rheostat connection (two terminals). Labeled "RV1" or "VR1" with value 10kΩ.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 3296W trimmer on breadboard with pins 1-3 across breadboard gap. 5V at pin 1, GND at pin 3, wiper (pin 2) to Arduino A0. Multimeter measuring wiper voltage while turning with ceramic screwdriver. Arduino Serial Plotter showing voltage sweep. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for trimmer-based voltage reference: 3296W 10kΩ trimmer R1, TL431 shunt reference providing 2.5V input, 10µF output cap C1, 0.1µF bypass C2, output test point (pin header) for precise voltage adjust. Clean layout with thermal reliefs on solder pads. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Adjustable voltage divider: 10kΩ trimmer pot (pins 1→5V, pin 3→GND, pin 2→output). Output buffered by LM358 voltage follower. Output range 0-5V. Used as reference voltage for comparator circuit. Formula: Vout = 5V × (Rwiper-to-GND / 10kΩ). All values labeled.</td>
  <td>3296W trimmer dimensions: body 9.5×5.0×4.5mm (L×W×H seated), pin spacing 2.54mm (1-2, 2-3), pin diameter 0.45mm, pin length 3.0mm, adjustment slot depth 1.5mm, slot width 0.6mm for standard ceramic screwdriver. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Pressure Sensor</td>
  <td>Premium product photograph of BMP280 barometric pressure sensor breakout module on dark surface. Blue PCB, small IC center, 4 or 6 header pins visible. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Studio-quality top-down of BMP280 breakout on pure white. Blue PCB (15×13mm) centered, BMP280 IC (tiny 2×2.5mm LGA-8 package) in center, 6-pin header (VCC, GND, SCL, SDA, CSB, SDO) at edge, decoupling cap near VCC, 4.7kΩ pull-up resistors (R1-R2) for I2C. Microscope-level detail on IC markings. Even lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of BMP280 breakout on white. PCB thickness 1.6mm, tiny BMP280 IC (0.8mm profile) with gold bond wires barely visible under glass, header pins extending below, pull-up resistors (0603) visible as tiny rectangles. Soft shadow right.</td>
  <td>Three pressure sensor packages side-by-side: BMP280 breakout (LGA-8 on module 15×13mm), BMP180 SMD (LCC-8, 5×5mm), MS5611 barometer (QFN-24 on 12.7×12.7mm breakout). Gray bg with mm scale. Each labeled with resolution (Pa/LSB) and equivalent altitude resolution.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of MEMS pressure sensor (BMP280): silicon cap with trench-etched cavity, pressure-sensitive membrane (thin silicon diaphragm with piezoresistive strain gauges), reference vacuum cavity (absolute pressure sensing), ASIC layer underneath with ADC, temp sensor, calibration memory, SPI/I2C interface. Wheatstone bridge circuit diagram of piezoresistors shown. Labeled: diaphragm, cavity, reference vacuum, ASIC. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>BMP280 breakout 6-pin pinout: 1-VCC (1.8-3.6V, typically 3.3V), 2-GND, 3-SCL (I2C clock / SPI SCK), 4-SDA (I2C data / SPI SDI), 5-CSB (SPI chip select, pull high for I2C), 6-SDO (I2C address select / SPI SDO). I2C address 0x76 (SDO low) or 0x77 (SDO high). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Pressure sensor symbol: rectangle labeled "BMP280", I2C interface pins (SCL, SDA), VCC and GND, optional CSB/SDO for SPI mode. Also generic pressure sensor symbol (circle with arrow pointing in, labeled "PRESSURE"). IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: BMP280 breakout on breadboard, I2C connection to Arduino Uno: VCC→3.3V, GND→GND, SCL→A5, SDA→A4. 4.7kΩ pull-ups already on module. Optional I2C OLED display on same bus for readout. Serial monitor showing pressure (hPa) and temperature (°C). Clean wiring top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for BMP280 barometer: BMP280 LGA-8 footprint with exposed pad connected to GND with 9 thermal vias, C1=0.1µF decoupling within 2mm of IC, R1=R2=4.7kΩ pull-ups, J1=6-pin header, filtering cap on VDD (10µF tantalum). No routing under sensor (avoid mechanical stress). Small 15×13mm board.</td>
  <td>Altimeter / weather station circuit: BMP280 I2C (SDA→A4, SCL→A5) with Arduino Nano. I2C OLED for display (same bus). DHT22 temp/humidity on D2. Formulas: pressure = reading, altitude = 44330 × (1 - (P/P0)^(1/5.255)). Sea-level correction: P0 = P × (1 - (0.0065×h)/(T+0.0065×h+273.15))^(-5.257). All values labeled.</td>
  <td>BMP280 breakout dimensions: PCB 15×13mm, thickness 1.6mm, BMP280 IC 2.0×2.5×0.95mm LGA-8, pin header 6×2.54mm pitch, pin height 8.5mm total including socket, pull-up resistors 0603 (1.6×0.8mm). Mounting holes none. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Proximity Sensor</td>
  <td>Premium product photo of HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor module on dark surface. Two ultrasonic transducers (TX/RX) facing forward, IC and components on blue PCB. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on top-down of HC-SR04 module on pure white. Blue PCB (45×20mm) centered, two cylindrical ultrasonic transducers (∅16mm) side by side, rear IC (Maxim MAX3232 or equivalent), 2 matching transistors, 4-pin header (VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND), crystal oscillator nearby. Centered, sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of HC-SR04 on white surface. Transducer cans project upward ~10mm, PCB shows 3D body thickness, 4-pin header below, components on rear visible. Soft shadow right. Industrial sensor photography style.</td>
  <td>Three proximity sensor types: HC-SR04 ultrasonic (45×20mm, 2-400cm), E18-D80NK IR barrier sensor (M18 threaded barrel, 3-wire), VL53L0X time-of-flight laser (QFN-12 breakout 12×8mm). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with type and range.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of ultrasonic transducer: aluminum diaphragm (top), piezoelectric ceramic ring bonded to diaphragm, brass/metal case (ground), foam backing layer (acoustic dampening), two terminal pins. Sound wave emission: electrical oscillation → piezo vibration → diaphragm flex → pressure wave. Reception: reverse — sound wave → diaphragm vibration → piezo voltage. Labeled components and wave propagation. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>HC-SR04 4-pin header pinout: 1-VCC (5V), 2-TRIG (trigger input, 10µs TTL pulse), 3-ECHO (echo output, 5V TTL pulse width proportional to distance), 4-GND. Timing diagram: trigger pulse → 8-cycle burst → echo pulse width = distance × 58µs/cm. Max range 4m, min 2cm. Engineering style with timing diagram.</td>
  <td>Ultrasonic sensor symbol: square block labeled "HC-SR04" with pins VCC, TRIG, ECHO, GND. Also generic proximity switch symbol (open switch with sensor arrow). IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: HC-SR04 mounted at breadboard edge (transducers overhanging). 4-pin header connected to Arduino Uno: VCC→5V, GND→GND, TRIG→D9, ECHO→D10. Optional 1kΩ+2kΩ voltage divider on ECHO pin for 3.3V logic (ESP32). I2C OLED showing distance in cm. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for ultrasonic ranging module: HC-SR04 footprint (ICs: MAX3232 transceiver + ATMega8L MCU + 16MHz crystal), 4-pin header with 100Ω series resistors on TRIG/ECHO, 0.1µF decoupling caps, power LED with 1kΩ resistor, transistor drivers for transducer. Board 45×20mm with 4 mounting holes M3 at corners.</td>
  <td>Distance measurement circuit: HC-SR04 with Arduino Uno (TRIG→D9, ECHO→D10). ECHO pin protected with 1kΩ series resistor + 5.1V Zener diode clamp. Distance formula in code: cm = pulseIn(ECHO, HIGH) / 58.0. Output to 16×2 I2C LCD. Objects closer than 20cm trigger piezo buzzer on D5 via 2N3904 driver. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>HC-SR04 module dimensions: PCB 45×20mm, thickness 1.6mm. Ultrasonic transducer ∅16mm, height 12mm above PCB. 4-pin header 2.54mm pitch, pin length 8mm. Transducer center-to-center spacing 22mm. Mounting holes ∅3.2mm at corners (3mm radius). Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Push Button</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 6×6mm tactile switch on dark surface. Black plastic square body, metallic dome visible inside, 4 pins on sides. Side lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 6×6mm tactile push button switch on pure white. Square black plastic body (6×6mm), metallic dome button (silver/gray) with cross-shape embossed on top surface, 4 pins (2 per side) extending from bottom. Even lighting, macro sharp. Centered.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 6×6mm tactile switch on white. Shows body profile: body height 4.3mm, 4 pins curving down, metal dome raised above plastic body by ~0.5mm, pin bend visible. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three push button types: 6×6mm tactile switch (THT, 4-pin), 12×12mm tactile switch (THT, with optional red cap), SMD tactile switch (5.2×5.2mm, 4-pin J-lead). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with dimensions and actuation force (gF).</td>
  <td>Cross-section of tactile switch: molded plastic body (high-temp PPA/LCP), stainless steel snap dome (dome-shaped spring contact, phosphor bronze plated), stationary contacts (two inner pins, silver-plated), outer supports (two outer pins), dust seal film. Operation diagram: dome snaps at ~160gF making contact between outer and inner terminals, audible click. Released → dome springs back, breaking contact. Labeled parts. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>6×6mm tactile switch 4-pin pinout: pin 1 and 2 (connected internally, short side A), pin 3 and 4 (connected internally, short side B). Normally open (NO): continuity between A and B only when pressed. Typical contact rating: 50mA @ 12VDC. Actuation force: 160gF (standard) or 260gF (high). Travel: 0.25mm. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Push button symbols: momentary NO (normally open) — two parallel lines with gap, actuator wedge above, labeled "SW1". Also momentary NC (normally closed) with line across contacts. DIP switch symbol. IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 6mm tactile switch across breadboard center gap. Pin 1→5V rail via 10kΩ pull-up, pin 2 floating, pin 3→GND, pin 4→Arduino D2 with 10kΩ pull-up. Debounce RC network (1kΩ + 0.1µF) visible. Arduino blinking LED on press. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for tactile switch with debounce: 6×6mm tactile switch footprint (4-pin), R1=10kΩ pull-up (0603), C1=0.1µF debounce cap, series resistor R2=100Ω, 3-pin header (VCC, SIG, GND). Small 12×10mm board with mounting hole. Green CAD showing proper pad layout for switch.</td>
  <td>Button matrix circuit: 4×4 keypad matrix using 16 tactile switches, diodes (1N4148) on each row output for ghosting prevention, row scan transistors (2N3904) driven by Arduino D2-D5, column read with Arduino D6-D9. Pull-up resistors 10kΩ on columns. Interrupt-based detection, debounce 20ms. Complete schematic, all values labeled.</td>
  <td>6×6mm tactile switch drawing: body 6.0×6.0mm (±0.2), height above PCB 4.3mm (without button), 5.5mm (with button). Pin spacing: 4.5mm between opposing pins, 2.54mm between adjacent pins, pin width 0.4mm, pin length 3.5mm. Actuator stroke 0.25±0.1mm. Blueprint style mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Shift Register</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 74HC595 shift register IC (16-pin DIP) on dark surface. Chip markings "74HC595N" visible, pins sharp. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 74HC595N DIP-16 centered on pure white. Black epoxy body, pin 1 notch top-left, laser markings "74HC595N" and manufacturer logo/date code readable, 8 pins each side. Even macro lighting, sharp.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 74HC595 DIP-16 on white. Package profile: body 19×6mm, pin curve, notch at pin 1 end. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three shift register packages: 74HC595 DIP-16 (THT, 8-bit), 74HC595 SOIC-16 (SMD), 74HC164 DIP-14 (8-bit serial-in parallel-out, no latch). Gray bg with mm scale. Each labeled with package and register type.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of 74HC595: 8-bit shift register (master stage, D flip-flops FF0-FF7 cascaded), 8-bit storage register (slave latch, D flip-flops with parallel load from shift register), 3-state output buffer tri-state drivers for each output (Q0-Q7), serial input (DS) with serial output (Q7S) for cascading, clock inputs (SH_CP shift clock, ST_CP storage clock), active-low output enable (OE), active-low master reset (MR). Data flow arrows through chain. Timing diagram at bottom (setup/hold times). White bg technical illustration.</td>
  <td>74HC595 16-pin DIP pinout: 1-Q1 (output B), 2-Q2 (output C), 3-Q3 (output D), 4-Q4 (output E), 5-Q5 (output F), 6-Q6 (output G), 7-Q7 (output H), 8-GND, 9-Q7S (serial output, cascading), 10-MR (master reset, active low), 11-SH_CP (shift register clock), 12-ST_CP (storage register clock/latch), 13-OE (output enable, active low), 14-DS (serial data input), 15-Q0 (output A), 16-VCC. Control inputs highlighted. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Shift register symbol: 8-bit rectangle divided into "SR" (shift register) and "LATCH" (storage). Data inputs DS (left), Q7S (right), clocks SH_CP, ST_CP (bottom), OE, MR (top). Parallel outputs Q0-Q7 (right, bus notation D0-D7). Labeled "74HC595" with pin numbers. IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 74HC595 DIP-16 centered, serial data from Arduino D11 (MOSI), clock from D13 (SCK), latch from D9 (SS), OE to GND (always enabled), MR to 5V (not resetting). 8 LEDs with 220Ω resistors on outputs Q0-Q7 to GND. Arduino running Knight Rider pattern. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for 8-LED driver: 74HC595 DIP-16 footprint, 8× 220Ω resistors (RN1 RN2 4×0603 arrays or individual), 8-LED array (3mm red), J1=5-pin header (VCC, GND, DATA, CLK, LATCH), 0.1µF decoupling cap near IC, 10kΩ pull-up on MR, 250mA max total current with thick traces on outputs. Board 40×30mm.</td>
  <td>7-segment display driver circuit: 74HC595 driving common-cathode 4-digit 7-segment display (12 pins, 4 digit + 8 segment). Serial data from Arduino D11, clock D13, latch D10. 220Ω resistors on each segment output (Q0-Q7). Digit drivers via 2N3904 transistors from Arduino D4-D7 (digit select). Multiplexed at 60Hz. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>DIP-16 package drawing: body 19.05×6.35mm, seated height 4.57mm, pin pitch 2.54mm, row spacing 7.62mm, pin width 0.46mm, pin length 3.3mm. Pin 1 notch. Top and side views. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Relay (SRD-05VDC-SL-C)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of Songle SRD-05VDC-SL-C 5V SPDT relay module on dark surface. Blue plastic body, clear dust cover revealing coil and contacts, 5-pin grid. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of SRD-05VDC-SL-C relay centered on white. Clear transparent cover showing internal coil winding, armature, common (C), normally-open (NO), normally-closed (NC) contacts clearly labeled on plastic casing. Pin 1 marker top-left. 5 pins: coil+, coil-, C, NO, NC. Even macro lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 5V SPDT relay on white surface. Clear dust cover reveals internal mechanism: copper coil (≈400Ω), movable armature, silver-alloy contacts. Body 19×15×15mm. Soft shadow right. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Three relay packages: SRD-series THT (5-pin SIP, clear cover), G5LE SMD power relay (paddle-pin, sealed), solid-state relay (Crydom D2425, potted block). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with type, voltage, and current rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of electromagnetic relay: ferrous core wrapped with copper coil (5V/400Ω), pivoting armature (spring-loaded), common contact blade, NO/NC fixed contacts (silver-alloy, arc-resistant), return spring, terminal pins molded into base. Magnetic flux path shown in blue. Coil energized = armature pulls toward core. Labeled. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>SRD-05VDC-SL-C 5-pin pinout: 1-COIL+ (positive drive), 2-COIL- (negative/GND), 3-COM (common, movable contact), 4-NC (normally-closed, connected to COM when coil off), 5-NO (normally-open, connected to COM when coil on). Coil rated 5V DC ±10%, 400Ω, 12.5mA. Contact rating 10A@250VAC/10A@30VDC. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Relay symbol: SPDT relay — coil (rectangle) on left, switch contacts on right. COM wiper arrow, NO terminal, NC terminal. Coil pins A1/A2. IEEE/ANSI standard electromagnetic relay symbol. Black lines, white bg.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: Arduino-controlled relay circuit. Arduino D8 → 2N3904 base via 1kΩ resistor, collector to relay coil-, coil+ to 5V. 1N4007 flyback diode across coil (cathode to +). Relay COM → 12V supply, NO → 12V LED strip. Push button on D2 to toggle. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for relay driver: 2-pin screw terminal for coil drive (J1), 1N4007 flyback diode (D1), transistor MMBT3904 SOT-23 (Q1), base resistor R1=1kΩ 0805, 3-pin screw terminal for COM/NO/NC (J2). Flyback diode traces as short as possible. 2-layer board with ground pour. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Arduino relay lamp controller: Arduino Nano D8 → 1kΩ → 2N3904 base, collector → relay coil(-), relay coil(+) → 5V. D1=1N4007 across coil. Relay COM → mains L via fuse, NO → lamp 60W. Push button D2 pull-down 10kΩ, toggles lamp. All values labeled. Clean schematic.</td>
  <td>Relay SRD-05VDC-SL-C dimensions: body 19×15.5×15mm, pin pitch: coil 3.75mm grid, COM to NO/NC 3.75mm gap, pin length 3.5mm, pin width 0.6mm. Top, side, front views. Mounting: 2× PCB pins (3×3mm pads). Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Rheostat (25W 100Ω)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of vitreous enamel wirewound rheostat (25W, 100Ω) on dark surface. Ceramic tube body with wound resistance wire, metal slider contact, mounting bracket. Side lighting, metallic sheen. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 25W wirewound rheostat centered on white. Ceramic tube with exposed resistance wire winding (nichrome), adjustable slider arm with knob, screw terminals at both ends, metal mounting bracket with screw holes. Markings: "25W 100Ω" on ceramic. Sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of rheostat on white surface. Shows ceramic tubular body (∅24×50mm), slider contact pressing against wire coils, terminal lugs (solderable), mounting bracket arc. Soft shadow right. Product catalog style.</td>
  <td>Three variable resistor types: wirewound rheostat (25W tubular, 100Ω), carbon composition potentiometer (0.5W round, 10kΩ), cermet trimmer (0.25W square, 1MΩ 3296W). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with type, power rating, resistance.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of wirewound rheostat: ceramic tube form, nichrome wire wound uniformly around tube (two-layer winding, self-supporting), vitreous enamel coating (fused glass), slider contact (phosphor-bronze wiper) riding on exposed wire track, terminal bands at each end. Wire gauge and turns per inch indicated. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Rheostat 3-terminal pinout: terminal 1 (fixed end A), terminal 2 (wiper/slider), terminal 3 (fixed end B). For 2-terminal use: connect wiper to one end. Resistance measured between ends = 100Ω nominal ±10%. Wiper carries full current rating. Wirewound, so low inductance. Engineering style with resistance values.</td>
  <td>Rheostat symbol: ANSI variable resistor — standard resistor symbol with diagonal arrow through or arrow pointing to center. Also potentiometer symbol (three terminals, arrow to wiper). "RHEO" label. For wirewound: resistor symbol with "WW" annotation. IEEE standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: rheostat as current limiter in LED circuit. 12V supply → rheostat (set to 100Ω) → red LED with 330Ω series resistor. Ammeter in series reads current. Voltage across LED measured with voltmeter. Crank rheostat and observe brightness change. Top-down educational breadboard photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for high-power rheostat mount: screw terminal block (J1 3-position, 5mm pitch), large copper pour areas for heat dissipation, fan-out traces 3mm wide (minimum 3oz copper), mounting hole for rheostat bracket. Board 50×40mm. Thermal relief pads on terminal connections. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Motor speed control circuit: rheostat (100Ω 25W) in series with DC motor (12V, 1A). Motor power from 12V supply via rheostat (adjustable current limiting). Flyback diode (1N4007) across motor. Ammeter and voltmeter monitoring. Formula: V_motor = V_supply - I×R_rheostat. Complete power schematic.</td>
  <td>Rheostat 25W wirewound drawing: ceramic body ∅24×50mm, terminal lugs 6.3mm width, slot for slider bracket 12mm, mounting bracket holes ∅4.2mm at 38mm centers, slider knob diameter 10mm. Total assembly 60×28×35mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Schottky Diode (1N5819)</td>
  <td>Premium macro of 1N5819 Schottky diode in DO-41 package on dark surface. Black epoxy body with silver band (cathode), axial leads. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 1N5819 Schottky diode (DO-41) centered on white. Cylindrical black epoxy body, silver painted cathode band at one end, laser markings "1N5819" readable. Two axial leads (copper, tinned). Even lighting, extreme macro focus revealing textured epoxy surface.</td>
  <td>45° angle of 1N5819 DO-41 on white. Body 5.2×2.7mm (D×L), cathode band clearly visible, lead wire diameter 0.75mm, leads bent slightly outward. Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three Schottky diode packages: DO-41 (1N5819, axial, 1A), SMA (SS12, SMD, 1A, DO-214AC), SOT-23 (BAT54, dual, 200mA). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with part number and forward current.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of Schottky diode: metal (silicon/chromium) anode layer, N-type epitaxial silicon drift layer, N+ silicon substrate cathode, top metal contact, bottom metal contact. Schottky barrier at metal-semiconductor junction shown. Energy band diagram inset: electrons surmount barrier via thermionic emission. Low VF (0.45V@1A) vs PN junction (0.7V). Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>1N5819 DO-41 pinout: anode (A) — lead without band, cathode (K) — lead with silver band. Forward voltage: 0.45V max @1A. Reverse voltage: 40V. Peak repetitive reverse: 40V. Forward current: 1A. Surge: 25A (8.3ms). Schottky: faster recovery than PN (ns vs µs). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Schottky diode symbol: standard diode triangle with cathode line but with "S" inside or "Schottky" label to distinguish. Also symbol with "S" letter abbreviation near triangle. Anode (A), cathode (K). IEEE/ANSI style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: Schottky diode as reverse polarity protection. 12V supply → 1N5819 anode, cathode → LM2596 buck converter input. Load: 5V LED strip. Multimeter measuring voltage drop across diode (≈0.4V). Compare with 1N4007 showing 0.7V drop. Top-down demo board.</td>
  <td>PCB for Schottky-based OR-ing circuit: two 1N5819 diodes in SOT-23 (D1, D2) sharing output rail, R1=10kΩ load, C1=10µF filter. Trace: input from USB (5V) and battery (3.7V LiPo), common output 5V. 15×15mm board. Green CAD showing ideal diode OR configuration.</td>
  <td>Buck converter circuit with Schottky: LM2596 step-down, VIN=12V, VOUT=5V/3A. 1N5819 as freewheeling diode (D1) from switch node to GND. L1=33µH, C1=220µF, C2=0.1µF. Feedback divider R1=2kΩ, R2=1kΩ sets VOUT. Efficiency ≈85% due to low VF Schottky. Complete schematic.</td>
  <td>DO-41 package drawing: body length 5.2mm, body diameter 2.7mm, cathode band width 1.5mm, lead length 28mm (each), lead diameter 0.75mm. Overall length 61mm seated. Markings orientation: band toward right end. Top and side views. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Servo Motor (SG90)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of Tower Pro SG90 micro servo on dark surface. 3-pin connector (orange/red/brown), white plastic gear case, output shaft visible. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of SG90 servo centered on white. Rectangular white plastic body (23×12mm), metal output shaft with 25-tooth spline at top, 3-pin male header: orange (signal/PWM), red (VCC 5V), brown (GND). 4 mounting screw holes (bottom/front/rear). "SG90" embossed on case.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of SG90 micro servo on white surface. Shows 3D depth: gear case extending forward from body, output shaft with cross/round plastic horn attached, 3-pin header extending from right side, mounting tabs with rubber grommets at base. Soft shadow. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Three servo types: micro SG90 (9g, 180°, 1.5kg·cm), standard MG996R (55g, metal gears, 10kg·cm), continuous rotation servo (FS90R, 360°). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with model and torque rating.</td>
  <td>Exploded view of SG90 servo gear train: DC motor (pager-type, 3V), first reduction gear (brass pinion → plastic 45T), second stage (plastic 14T → 42T), third stage (plastic 12T → 38T), final output sector gear (20T) with position feedback potentiometer (5kΩ linear) coupled to output shaft. Gear ratios labeled. Quadrature stages. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>SG90 3-pin connector: orange wire — signal/PWM (3-5V logic), red wire — VCC (4.8-6V DC), brown wire — GND. PWM: 50Hz (20ms period), 1ms = 0°, 1.5ms = 90°, 2ms = 180°. Stall torque: 1.5kg·cm @4.8V. Operating speed: 0.12s/60° @4.8V. Engineering reference.</td>
  <td>Servo symbol: small DC motor symbol with feedback control — circle with "M", triangle feedback arrow from shaft to pot, 3 terminal wires labeled Signal (PWM), VCC, GND. Position control arrow. Standard schematic representation.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: SG90 servo controlled by Arduino Uno. Orange signal → D9 (PWM), red VCC → 5V rail, brown GND → GND rail. Arduino running Servo library sweep sketch. 10µF decoupling cap across VCC/GND near servo to suppress motor noise. Potentiometer on A0 for manual angle control. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for multi-servo driver: PCA9685 PWM controller I2C interface, 16-channel 3-pin headers (VCC, GND, PWM), 100µF bulk cap + 0.1µF bypass per servo channel, 5V input screw terminal, I2C pull-ups (4.7kΩ SDA/SCL). Board 50×60mm. Green CAD with servo output banks.</td>
  <td>Servo position control circuit: Arduino Nano D9 → SG90 signal. Potentiometer 10kΩ between 5V-GND, wiper to A0. Arduino reads pot (0-1023), maps to angle (0-180°), writes PWM to servo. 5V 2A external supply for servo, Arduino powered separately via USB. Complete wiring diagram with values.</td>
  <td>SG90 servo dimensions: body 23×12.2×29mm (L×W×H), output shaft height 2.5mm, spline diameter 4.8mm (25T), mounting hole pitch (front) 25mm, (bottom) 16mm, hole diameter 2mm. Horn thickness 1.5mm. 3-pin header pitch 2.54mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Solenoid (12V Push-Pull)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of tubular 12V push-pull solenoid on dark surface. Cylindrical metal casing, two wire leads, plunger rod extending from front. Soft lighting, metallic reflection. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of 12V push-pull tubular solenoid centered on white. Cylindrical chrome-plated steel housing (∅20×30mm), two PVC-insulated wire leads (red+ / black-), spring-loaded metal plunger rod extending 5mm from front face. Laser-etched "12V DC" marking on body. Macro sharp.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of push-pull solenoid on white surface. Shows front face with plunger aperture, retaining C-clip at rear, lead exit at back, welded seam on barrel. Plunger partially extended, revealing polished rod surface. Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three solenoid types: push-pull tubular (12V, 10mm stroke, 5N), latching solenoid (bistable, 9V, 15mm stroke), rotary solenoid (25°, 12V). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with voltage, stroke, and force rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of tubular solenoid: outer ferromagnetic steel tube (magnetic flux return path), copper wire coil wound on nylon bobbin (≈1200 turns of 0.25mm enameled wire), steel plunger (ferromagnetic, sliding fit inside tube), non-magnetic guide ring (brass/Teflon), return spring (compression), front/backstop (silencing rubber O-rings). Magnetic flux lines shown through plunger and housing. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Solenoid 2-wire pinout: red wire — positive (+) 12V DC, black wire — negative (-) GND. No polarity sensitivity (AC/DC compatible but rated DC). Coil resistance: 24Ω ±10%. Inrush current: 500mA @12V. Holding current: 350mA (mechanical stop reduces inductance). Duty cycle: 25% max (2s on, 6s off). Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Solenoid symbol: standard IEEE solenoid/relay coil — rounded rectangle/coil shape with a mechanical line extending to a push/pull arrow. Labeled "SOL1". Also electrically operated valve symbol (solenoid with valve body). Black lines, white bg.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: solenoid controlled by Arduino. D8 → 2N2222 NPN transistor base via 1kΩ, collector → solenoid(-), solenoid(+) → +12V. 1N4007 flyback diode across solenoid (cathode to +12V). 12V external supply (solenoid draws 500mA, too high for Arduino 5V rail). Push button D2 triggers 1s pulse. Top-down breadboard photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for solenoid driver: IRFZ44N N-channel MOSFET (Q1, logic-level, TO-220), gate driver R1=100Ω + R2=10kΩ pull-down, flyback diode D1=1N4007, RC snubber (R3=10Ω + C1=0.1µF) across solenoid, 2-pin screw terminal for solenoid, 3-pin header for MCU. Heavy traces (2mm) on drain. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Arduino solenoid lock circuit: Arduino Nano D8 → 1kΩ R1 → NPN 2N2222 base, collector → solenoid(-), solenoid(+) → 12V. D1=1N4007 flyback. Keypad (3×4 matrix) on D2-D7 validates 4-digit code → 2s solenoid pulse. 12V/1A wall adapter supply. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>Tubular solenoid dimensions: housing ∅20×30mm, plunger rod ∅6×25mm (extends 5-10mm), mounting thread M8×1.25 at front face 8mm deep, wire leads 200mm long, 22AWG. Total weight 60g. Stroke 10mm max. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Speaker (8Ω 0.5W)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 40mm diameter 8Ω 0.5W small speaker on dark surface. Paper cone, rubber surround, magnet housing at back, tinned wire leads. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 40mm full-range speaker centered on white. Light brown paper cone with dust cap (center dome), foam surround (black/dark gray), steel chassis/frame, two solder terminals (positive labeled +, red dot). Cone surface texture visible, concentric rings. Macro sharp.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of speaker on white surface. Shows cone depth profile (15mm), chassis height, magnet assembly protruding from rear (∅30×10mm), wire terminals on frame edge. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three speaker types: miniature 40mm 8Ω full-range (paper cone), tweeter (25mm dome, polyimide diaphragm), woofer (165mm 6.5", paper cone, rubber surround). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with diameter, impedance, power rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of dynamic speaker: magnet (ferrite ring, 30mm OD × 10mm), top plate (steel, shaped to focus field in gap), voice coil (copper wire wound on Kapton former, 8Ω), pole piece (center, cylindrical), cone (paper, bonded to voice coil former), surround (foam, rim compliance), spider (corrugated fabric centering suspension), chassis. Magnetic field lines in air gap shown. Air movement arrows from cone. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Speaker terminal pinout: positive (+) terminal — red dot/marker, larger tab. Negative (-) terminal — plain/black. Impedance: 8Ω nominal (measured at 1kHz). DC resistance (DCR): 6.5Ω ±15%. Power handling: 0.5W RMS, 1W peak. Frequency range: 300Hz-8kHz. Sensitivity: 85dB @1W/1m. Engineering reference.</td>
  <td>Speaker symbol: standard IEEE/ANSI loudspeaker symbol — circle with a tangent line on one side (representing cone) connected to two terminal lines. "LS1" label and "8Ω" impedance annotation. Also magnetic buzzer symbol (coil + contacts).</td>
  <td>Breadboard: simple audio output with Arduino. Arduino D9 (PWM) → 100µF electrolytic cap (blocking DC) → 8Ω speaker, speaker GND → Arduino GND. tone() function produces 1kHz square wave. 10k pot on A0 adjusts pitch. Volume control: 100Ω resistor in series. Top-down breadboard photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for mono amplifier module: LM386 in 8-pin DIP, speaker output via 220µF cap (C1), gain set by 10µF across pins 1-8 (gain=200), input 3.5mm jack, 10k volume pot, 10kΩ input pull-down, power from 9V battery clip. Board 40×30mm. Green CAD with star ground.</td>
  <td>LM386 speaker driver circuit: 3.5mm audio jack → 10k pot → 0.1µF C2 coupling cap → LM386 pin 3 (IN+). Pin 2 (IN-) to GND. Gain: 10µF C3 across pins 1-8. Output pin 5 → 220µF C1 → 8Ω 0.5W speaker. Zobel: R1=10Ω + C4=0.047µF to GND. Pin 7: 10µF C5 bypass to GND. 9V battery. Complete schematic.</td>
  <td>40mm speaker drawing: outer frame diameter 40mm, cone diameter 32mm, dust cap diameter 12mm, total height (including magnet) 18mm, magnet diameter 30mm, chassis thickness 1mm (steel), terminal tab 2.8×0.5mm. Rated impedance 8Ω. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Stepper Motor (28BYJ-48)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 28BYJ-48 5V unipolar stepper motor on dark surface. Blue plastic body, 5-wire ribbon cable with red connector, output shaft with plastic gear. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 28BYJ-48 stepper motor centered on white. Blue plastic square body (28×28mm), 5-pin male header with red plastic housing (wires: red/VCC, orange/1B, yellow/1A, pink/2B, blue/2A), D-shaped output shaft (5mm) protruding from top, 4 mounting holes at corners. "28BYJ-48" embossed on top. Sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 28BYJ-48 on white. Shows motor body thickness (19mm), output shaft with attached 64-tooth plastic gear (reduction), lead screw/thread visible, 5 wires entering top of housing, mounting tabs with ∅3mm holes. Soft shadow. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three stepper motor types: 28BYJ-48 unipolar (5V, 5-wire, geared), NEMA-17 bipolar (2.5V, 4-wire, 1.8°/step), NEMA-23 high-torque (3A, 8-wire). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with model and step angle.</td>
  <td>Internal structure of 28BYJ-48: two stacked permanent magnet rotor cups (alternating N/S poles, 8 poles each), 4 stator coils wound on bobbins (two phases, center-tapped: 5 wires), reduction gear train (64:1 ratio, 4-stage plastic planetary gears), output shaft supported by sintered bronze bearing. Gear tooth counts: pinion 10T → 32T (3.2:1), 11T→33T (3:1), 12T→34T (2.83:1), 13T→34T (2.62:1). Total reduction ≈64:1. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>28BYJ-48 5-pin pinout: red — common VCC (5-12V), orange — coil 1B (phase 2), yellow — coil 1A (phase 1), pink — coil 2B (phase 4), blue — coil 2A (phase 3). Winding: two center-tapped coils. Step sequence: 1-2 phase (half-step, 8 steps × 64 gear = 512 steps/rev). Coil resistance: 50Ω ±10% per winding. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Unipolar stepper symbol: four coil windings arranged vertically with center taps connected to VCC, labeled Phase 1-4. Mechanical arrow indicating rotation. IEEE/ANSI style motor symbol with phase labels. "M" with "STEPPER" annotation.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: 28BYJ-48 driven by ULN2003 driver board (7 Darlington pairs, SMD). ULN2003 IN1-IN4 → Arduino D8-D11. VCC motor (red) → 5V external. Arduino runs stepper.h library, 512 steps/rev cycle. Potentiometer on A0 controls speed. Top-down breadboard with ribbon to motor.</td>
  <td>PCB for ULN2003 stepper driver: ULN2003AN DIP-16, input headers J1 (4-pin, D8-D11 from MCU), output screw terminal J2 (5-pin for motor wires), VCC and GND screw terminals, flyback diodes integrated in ULN2003. LED indicators on each phase input. Board 50×40mm. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Arduino stepper motor controller: Arduino Uno D8-D11 → ULN2003A IN1-IN4, ULN2003 outputs → 28BYJ-48 phases 1A-4B. Motor VCC (red wire) → 5V external supply. IR remote receiver TSOP38238 on D2 controls direction/speed. 16×2 I2C LCD on A4/A5 displays step count. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>28BYJ-48 dimensions: body 28×28×19mm, shaft length 10mm, shaft diameter 5mm (D-cut flat), mounting hole centers 19mm square, hole diameter 3.2mm, pin header 2.54mm pitch, ribbon cable length 250mm. Gearbox housing adds 10mm below body. Total 43g. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Switch (SPST Toggle)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of SPST panel-mount toggle switch on dark surface. Chrome-plated metal toggle lever, threaded bushing with hex nut, solder lug terminals. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of SPST toggle switch centered on white. Two-position toggle lever (vertical, UP=ON, DOWN=OFF), chrome-plated brass bat handle, threaded nickel-plated bushing with two flats for wrench, two solder lug terminals (NO, COM). Plastic/nylon body (15×10mm). Sharp focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of toggle switch on white surface. Shows bushing thread (1/4-40 UNC), hex nut (12mm across flats), lock washer, body profile with terminal orientation, lever angle in ON position. Soft shadow right. Product catalog style.</td>
  <td>Three switch types: SPST toggle (panel-mount, 3A@125VAC), SPDT toggle (3-pin, center-off available), DPDT toggle (6-pin, 2-pole changeover). Also mini toggle (subminiature, PCB mount). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with contact configuration and rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of toggle switch: toggle lever (insulated shaft pivoting on ball), internal rocking contact (silver-plated brass, double-break design), stationary contacts (COM and NO terminals), return spring (over-center snap-action mechanism), insulating barrier between contacts, threaded bushing with O-ring seal. Contact motion diagram: sliding-wipe action cleans contacts. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>SPST toggle 2-terminal pinout: terminal 1 — COM (common, center), terminal 2 — NO (normally-open, closes when ON). Ratings: 3A @ 125VAC, 1A @ 250VAC. Contact resistance: <20mΩ. Insulation resistance: 100MΩ @500VDC. No polarity. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>Switch symbols: SPST (two connected dots with manual lever symbol, NO contacts). Also SPDT (3 terminals, common pole arrow) and push button (momentary NO, spring return). IEEE/ANSI standard switch symbols. "S1" label.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: toggle switch as Arduino power cutoff. Arduino Vin from breadboard 5V rail through SPST toggle. Toggle ON → Arduino powered, LED D13 blinks. Toggle OFF → Arduino off. Pull-down 10kΩ on Arduino reset to GND prevents floating. Top-down breadboard photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for switch input with debounce circuit: SPST toggle wired to MCU input, R1=10kΩ pull-up to VCC, C1=0.1µF debounce cap, 2-pin header for switch (COM, NO). Schmitt trigger (74HC14) optional. Trace routed to MCU GPIO. Green CAD emphasizing clean digital input design.</td>
  <td>SPST toggle lamp circuit: 12V DC supply → toggle switch → 12V LED strip (500mA). Switch rating 3A@125VAC sufficient for 0.5A@12VDC. Fuse F1=1A in series with supply for protection. Optional reverse polarity protection diode 1N4001. Clean power switching schematic.</td>
  <td>Toggle switch panel-mount dimensions: bushing thread 1/4-40UNS-2A, bushing length 8mm, hex nut thickness 3mm, panel hole diameter 12mm, overall body length 28mm (including terminals), terminal lug width 5mm, lug hole ∅2.5mm, lever height above nut 16mm. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Temp Sensor (DS18B20/LM35)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of DS18B20 temperature sensor in TO-92 package on dark surface. Black epoxy body, three pins, flat front face with laser markings. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of DS18B20 TO-92 centered on white. Black epoxy body, flat face with laser markings "DS18B20" and "DALLAS", pin 1 (GND) left, pin 2 (DQ) center, pin 3 (VDD) right. LM35 TO-92 alongside for comparison. Even macro lighting, sharp focus on text.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of DS18B20 and LM35 on white surface. TO-92 body 4.9×4.5mm profile, pin bend (standard forming), flat vs rounded face, markings readable. Soft shadow. Product photography style showing both sensors.</td>
  <td>Three temperature sensor packages: DS18B20 TO-92 (1-Wire, -55 to +125°C), LM35 TO-92 (analog, 10mV/°C), SOT-23 (MCP9700, analog, 10mV/°C). DIP-8 (TMP36 low-V). Also SOIC-8 (STS35, I2C, high-precision). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of DS18B20: 64-bit ROM (unique serial), 1-Wire interface controller, temperature sensor element (bandgap-based, 9-12 bit ADC), scratchpad RAM (9 bytes), user-configurable alarm registers (TH/TL), configuration register. Signal flow: analog temp → ADC → digital → 1-Wire bus. LM35: bandgap sensor → linear amplifier → VOUT (10mV/°C). Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>DS18B20 TO-92 pinout: pin 1 — GND (ground), pin 2 — DQ (1-Wire data, open-drain, needs 4.7kΩ pull-up), pin 3 — VDD (3-5.5V, or parasitic power to GND). LM35: pin 1 — VCC (4-30V), pin 2 — VOUT (10mV/°C, 0V=0°C, 0.25V=25°C), pin 3 — GND. Engineering style with electrical characteristics.</td>
  <td>DS18B20 symbol: rectangular IC symbol with 3 pins labeled GND, DQ, VDD. 1-Wire icon (single data line with pull-up resistor). LM35: triangle (op-amp like) with VCC, VOUT, GND. "U1" label. IEEE/ANSI reference.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: DS18B20 in parasitic power mode (VDD shorted to GND) → DQ pin with 4.7kΩ pull-up to 5V → Arduino D2. Arduino runs OneWire + DallasTemperature libraries, prints to Serial Monitor. LM35 on adjacent rail → VOUT to A0, display on I2C LCD. Top-down educational photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for temperature logger: DS18B20 in TO-92 (J1 socket), 4.7kΩ pull-up R1, 0.1µF bypass C1, screw terminal for external sensor, DS3231 RTC module header, microSD card slot, Arduino Nano header. Small 40×50mm board. Green CAD with analog/digital separation.</td>
  <td>DS18B20 temperature logging circuit: DS18B20 (DQ → D2, VDD→5V, GND→GND) with 4.7kΩ pull-up. Arduino Nano → DS3231 RTC I2C (SDA→A4, SCL→A5). MicroSD module on D10-D13 (SPI). LM35 optional VOUT → A0. LCD 16×2 I2C. Battery backup CR2032 for RTC. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>TO-92 package drawing: body 4.9×4.5×4.9mm (L×W×H seated), pin pitch 1.27mm (EIAJ standard), pin diameter 0.45mm, pin length 3.5mm (formed), flat face marking area 3.5×4.9mm. LM35 same package. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Thermistor (NTC 10kΩ)</td>
  <td>Premium macro of NTC 10kΩ 3950-B disc thermistor on dark surface. Dark brown/black disc body with radial tinned copper leads, "10k" marking on surface. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of NTC thermistor (disc type, 10kΩ @25°C) centered on white. Round dark brown/black ceramic disc body (∅8mm), two tinned copper wire leads (radial, 5mm pitch). Printed "10k" and "B3950" on top surface. Even lighting, macro focus revealing ceramic surface texture. Sharp.</td>
  <td>45° angle of disc NTC thermistor on white. Shows disc thickness (3.5mm), lead exit angle from edges, glass-like coating (phenolic/ epoxy), slight dome on top face. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three thermistor types: NTC disc (10kΩ, B3950, ∅8mm), NTC glass bead (10kΩ, miniature, ∅1.5mm glass), PTC resettable fuse (50-600R, 60V, poly switch disc). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with type, resistance, and application.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of NTC disc thermistor: sintered ceramic disc (Mn-Ni-Co oxides, polycrystalline), silver electrode layers on both faces (screen-printed), tinned copper lead wires (soldered to electrode), phenolic epoxy conformal coating. Grain structure shown under ceramic microscope inset: spinel crystal structure with grain boundaries controlling resistivity. Resistance vs temperature graph inset: 10kΩ@25°C, 1.8kΩ@85°C, 220kΩ@-40°C. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>NTC thermistor pinout: no polarity (bidirectional). Two identical tinned copper leads: 22AWG, length 30mm. Specifications: 10kΩ ±1% @25°C, B25/85 = 3950K ±1%, max power 450mW @25°C, dissipation constant 5mW/°C, thermal time constant 11s (still air). Steinhart-Hart equation parameters: A=1.129E-3, B=2.341E-4, C=8.767E-8. Engineering reference.</td>
  <td>NTC thermistor symbol: standard resistor symbol with "-t°" annotation or a downward arrow representing negative temperature coefficient. "RT" label. Also PTC variant with upward arrow. IEEE/ANSI style, black on white.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: NTC thermistor in voltage divider with 10kΩ fixed resistor. 5V → thermistor → A0 → 10kΩ → GND. Arduino reads voltage, calculates temperature using Steinhart-Hart or lookup table. LCD display showing °C. Also NTC in series with LED demonstrates resistance decrease when heated (finger pinch). Top-down educational breadboard photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for temperature sensing with NTC: 10kΩ NTC (J1 2-pin screw terminal), reference resistor R1=10kΩ (0.1% precision, 0805), C1=0.1µF filter cap, header J2 for MCU (VCC, GND, A0). Guard ring around R1 for precision. Board 20×15mm. Green CAD with analog routing best practices.</td>
  <td>NTC temperature measurement circuit: 3.3V → NTC (10kΩ B3950) → A0 → 10kΩ Rref → GND. Arduino: Vref=3.3V internal. R = Rref × (Vref/Vout - 1). Temp = 1/(A + B×ln(R) + C×(ln(R))³) - 273.15. Optional comparator (LM393) with hysteresis for over-temp alarm. Complete schematic with values.</td>
  <td>NTC disc thermistor dimensions: disc diameter 8mm ±0.5mm, disc thickness 3.5mm ±0.5mm, lead diameter 0.5mm (22AWG), lead pitch 5mm, lead length 30mm, coating color dark brown/black. ∅8 × 3.5mm body. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Thyristor / SCR (BT151)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of BT151 thyristor (SCR) in TO-220 package on dark surface. Black epoxy body with metal tab, 3 pins, markings visible. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Straight-on photo of BT151-500R SCR in TO-220 centered on white. Black molded plastic body, metal mounting tab with hole (heatsink mount), 3 pins (cathode left, anode center, gate right). Flat front face with laser markings "BT151", "500R", "8A", "NXP"/equivalent logo. Pin 1 (cathode) bevel indicator.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of BT151 TO-220 on white surface. Shows 3D profile: body 10×16mm, metal tab extending above (15×6mm), mounting hole, pin bends and thickness, standoff from mounting surface. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three thyristor packages: TO-220 (BT151, SCR, 8A, 500V, tab), SOT-223 (MCR100-8, SCR, 0.8A, 600V, SMD), TO-247 (high-current triac, BTA41, 40A, 600V). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with type and current/voltage rating.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of SCR structure: four-layer PNPN semiconductor (P+ anode emitter, N-base, P-base, N+ cathode emitter), three terminals: anode (A), cathode (K), gate (G). Junction cross-section showing thyristor doping profile, equivalent NPN+PNP transistor pair (regenerative feedback), off/on state carrier distribution, latch-up mechanism. Turn-on: gate pulse triggers regenerative conduction. Turn-off: current drops below holding (IH=10mA for BT151). Technical illustration with energy band diagrams.</td>
  <td>BT151 TO-220 pinout (viewed from front): pin 1 — cathode (K), pin 2 — anode (A), pin 3 — gate (G). Metal tab is anode. Ratings: VDRM=500V, IT(RMS)=8A, ITSM=100A (50Hz), IGT=2-15mA, VGT=0.6-1.5V, IH=10mA max. Pin 1 bevel top-left identifies cathode. Engineering style.</td>
  <td>SCR thyristor symbol: standard IEEE/ANSI — three-terminal device with anode (A) arrow pointing to cathode (K), gate (G) at angle entering P-layer on cathode side. Diode-like triangle with gate lead. "SCR" or "Q" label. Also triac symbol (bidirectional).</td>
  <td>Breadboard: SCR DC motor control. 12V supply → motor (+) → motor (-) → BT151 anode, cathode → GND. 5V pulse from Arduino D8 through 100Ω resistor to gate (momentary push button). 1kΩ gate pull-down to prevent false triggering. 1N4007 flyback across motor. Variable speed via phase angle control not possible with DC. Top-down demonstration.</td>
  <td>PCB for AC phase control (dimmer): BT151 SCR on heatsink footprint, DIAC (DB3) trigger circuit, C1=0.1µF, R1=100kΩ pot + R2=10kΩ, snubber (R3=100Ω + C2=0.01µF) across SCR. Fuse F1=1A, load screw terminal. Optocoupler MOC3021 for isolated trigger. Board 60×40mm. Green CAD with high-voltage isolation slot.</td>
  <td>AC lamp dimmer circuit: BT151-500R SCR, DB3 DIAC trigger (breakover 32V), RC phase shift network (R1=100kΩ pot + R2=4.7kΩ, C1=0.1µF, C2=0.022µF), snubber (R3=100Ω + C3=0.01µF). Load: 100W incandescent lamp (230VAC). Formula: α = f(RC) controls conduction angle. All values labeled. Clean power schematic.</td>
  <td>TO-220 package drawing: body 10.4×16×5.4mm, metal tab 15×6.2×1.5mm, tab hole ∅3.8mm, pin cross-section 0.6×0.6mm, pin pitch 2.54mm (1.27mm center pin offset), pin length 14mm, seated height 5.4mm, standoff from PCB 0.4mm. Blueprint mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Touch Sensor (TTP223)</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of TTP223 capacitive touch sensor module on dark surface. Blue PCB, IC center, sensing pad area, 3-pin header. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of TTP223 capacitive touch module centered on white. Small blue PCB (15×24mm), TTP223 IC (SOT-23-6) center-right, circular touch sensing copper pad (∅12mm) at left half of board, 3-pin male header (VCC, GND, OUT). Power LED and output LED indicators. "TTP223" silk screen. Sharp macro focus.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of TTP223 module on white surface. Shows PCB thickness 1.6mm, copper touch pad with solder mask opening, IC package profile SOT-23-6 (2.9×1.6mm), header pins extending below, LED elevation. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three touch sensor types: TTP223 module (capacitive, SOT-23-6, 1-channel), TTP229 module (capacitive, 16-channel, DIP-28), IR touch break beam (LED+phototransistor, PCB mount). Gray bg with scale. Each labeled with IC and channel count.</td>
  <td>Internal block diagram of TTP223: capacitive sensing front-end (charge transfer oscillator), reference capacitor Cr, differential comparator, sensitivity trim circuit (adjustable via Cs pin pin 4), latch/momentary mode selector (connected via AHLB pin 5), output driver (open-drain, active high/low selectable via TOG pin 6). Equivalent model: touch finger changes electrode capacitance → oscillator frequency shift → comparator trip → digital output. Technical illustration with timing diagrams.</td>
  <td>TTP223 module 3-pin header: pin 1 — VCC (2-5.5V DC), pin 2 — GND, pin 3 — OUT (digital, active high by default, 0/1 output). On-board solder jumpers: AHLB (pin 5) — GND=active low, VCC=active high. TOG (pin 6) — GND=momentary, VCC=toggle (latch). Sensitivity: adjust by external cap on Cs pin (10-50pF range). Engineering style with jumper settings.</td>
  <td>Touch sensor symbol: human finger capacitive representation → capacitor symbol with touch icon → buffer/amplifier → digital output. "TTP223" IC rectangle: 6-pin with VCC, GND, OUT, CS, AHLB, TOG. Simplified block symbol showing sensor pad and output.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: TTP223 module on breadboard, VCC→5V, GND→GND, OUT→Arduino D2. Arduino reads touch state, controls LED on D13. Touching copper pad toggles LED. Jumper wires: sensor output probed with oscilloscope (channel 1) shows clean digital transition. Top-down breadboard photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for capacitive touch controller: TTP223 SOT-23-6 footprint, copper touch pad (∅15mm solid fill, rounded corners, solder mask removed), series resistor R1=1kΩ on output, C1=0.1µF decoupling, header J1 3-pin, sensitivity capacitor C2=10pF (optional, between CS pad and GND). Ground plane fill with 0.5mm clearance around touch pad. Green CAD.</td>
  <td>Touch-activated relay circuit: TTP223 touch sensor → Arduino D2 → D8 triggers relay module (SRD-05VDC). Sensor toggles lamp via relay when touched (momentary mode). 5V supply for sensor and Arduino. 12V/1A supply for relay coil/lamp load. All values labeled.</td>
  <td>TTP223 module dimensions: PCB 15×24×1.6mm, copper touch pad ∅12mm (center at 7.5mm from left edge), IC SOT-23-6 at 10mm from left, 3-pin header pitch 2.54mm at right edge, LEDs (0603 red/green) at 5mm from right, mounting hole ∅2mm at corners. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">IR Sensor</td>
  <td>Premium product photograph of TCRT5000 reflective IR sensor module on dark surface. Blue PCB, phototransistor and IR LED pair visible at front, potentiometer on rear, 4 header pins. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Studio-quality top-down of TCRT5000 reflective IR sensor module on pure white. Blue PCB centered, IR LED (clear) and phototransistor (black) pair at front edge, 10k trim pot on back, LM393 comparator IC, power LED, 4-pin header (VCC, GND, OUT, enable). Even macro lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of TCRT5000 module on white surface. Shows PCB 1.6mm thickness, sensor pair projecting at front edge, potentiometer screw, 4 header pins extending below. Also TSOP38238 IR receiver (3-pin, black epoxy, metallic sheen) beside it. Soft shadow right. Product photography.</td>
  <td>Three IR sensor types: TCRT5000 reflective module (blue PCB, 25×15mm), TSOP38238 IR receiver (3-pin TO-92-like black package), QRD1114 reflective sensor (4-pin through-hole). Gray gradient bg with 2mm grid scale, each labeled with type and wavelength (950nm).</td>
  <td>Cross-section diagram of TCRT5000 reflective sensor: IR LED emitting 950nm light upward, phototransistor receiving reflected light from surface, optical barriers between emitter and detector preventing crosstalk. Distance detection principle: closer surface = more reflected light. Also TSOP38238 internal block: photodetector, AGC amplifier, band-pass filter (38kHz), demodulator, output stage. Labeled blocks. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>TCRT5000 pinout (4-pin header): 1-VCC (5V), 2-GND, 3-OUT (digital, LM393 output), 4-EN. TSOP38238 3-pin: 1-OUT (demodulated signal), 2-GND, 3-VS (5V). Bottom view of TSOP: pin 1 left when facing sensor side. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>IR sensor symbols: (Left) TCRT5000 — IR LED diode symbol paired with phototransistor symbol, optically coupled arrow showing reflection. (Right) TSOP38238 — 3-pin IC rectangle with input arrow (IR), output signal, VCC/GND. Standard IEEE style.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: TCRT5000 module at left edge facing away, 4 jumpers to Arduino Uno (VCC→5V, GND→GND, OUT→D2). TSOP38238 on separate board, 3 wires to Arduino (OUT→D11). 38kHz IR remote control in frame. White/black surface in front of TCRT5000 showing distance detection. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>2-layer green PCB for TCRT5000 breakout: IR LED anode via 100Ω to VCC, phototransistor collector via 10kΩ pull-up to VCC, LM393 comparator with threshold set by 10k pot wiper to IN-, phototransistor output to IN+. 4-pin header J1. Ground plane fill. 0.5mm traces. DRC pass.</td>
  <td>Line follower circuit: two TCRT5000 modules (left/right) → LM393 comparators → Arduino Uno D2/D3. Motor driver L298N on D5-D8 driving two DC motors. PID control loop reading sensor differential. Speed control via PWM. Complete schematic with R values (100Ω LED, 10k pull-up, 10k threshold pot).</td>
  <td>TCRT5000 module orthographic views: PCB 25.4×15.24mm, sensor pair center at 6mm from front edge, mounting holes ∅2.2mm at corners, potentiometer center at 8mm from rear. Header 2.54mm pitch. TSOP38238: body 6×5×4mm, pin pitch 1.8mm. Blueprint style, mm tolerances.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">JFET</td>
  <td>Premium close-up of 2N5457 N-channel JFET (TO-92 package) on dark surface. Black epoxy body, 3 flat-cut leads, "2N5457" marking visible. Soft rim lighting, shallow DOF. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down photo of 2N5457 JFET (TO-92) centered on white. Black epoxy body (half-cylinder), flat face toward camera with laser markings "2N5457", 3 leads (gate, drain, source). Even lighting, sharp macro focus across body and leads.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of 2N5457 TO-92 on white surface. Half-cylinder body profile visible, flat face on one side, 3 leads curving outward from bottom, lead frame indent at top. Soft shadow right. Product photography style.</td>
  <td>Three JFET package types: TO-92 (2N5457 through-hole, 4×5mm), SOT-23 (J201 SMD, 3×3mm), TO-220 (U441 power JFET, 10×15mm). Gray bg with 2mm grid scale, each labeled with package type and pin configuration.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of N-channel JFET: N-type silicon channel between source and drain, P-type gate regions diffused into channel sides, depletion region shown under zero bias and with VGS applied. Pinch-off effect: depletion regions meet when VGS = VP. Channel width modulation diagram. Carrier flow arrows from source to drain. Labeled: source, gate, drain, channel, depletion region, substrate. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>2N5457 TO-92 pinout: bottom view — pin 1 (GATE, center), pin 2 (DRAIN, right), pin 3 (SOURCE, left). Top view: flat face = pin 1 side. Typical max ratings: VDS=25V, VGS=-25V, IDSS=1-5mA, VGS(OFF)=-0.5V to -6V. Pin numbering diagram. Engineering style, white bg.</td>
  <td>JFET N-channel symbol: vertical line (channel) with arrow on gate pointing inward (N-channel = arrow toward channel), drain (top), source (bottom), gate (left). D and S labels. Also P-channel symbol for comparison (arrow outward). IEEE/ANSI standard.</td>
  <td>Breadboard: JFET common-source amplifier. 2N5457 centered, drain→10kΩ→VCC, source→1kΩ to GND, gate→1MΩ bias resistor→GND plus 0.1µF input cap from function generator. Output via 10µF cap to oscilloscope probe. Power from 9V battery. Function generator set to 1kHz sine. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB for JFET preamplifier: 2N5457 SOT-23 footprint, R1=1MΩ 0603 (gate bias), R2=10kΩ (drain load), R3=1kΩ (source), C1=0.1µF 0603 (input), C2=10µF tantalum (output), J1=3.5mm audio jack, J2=2-pin power. Small 25×20mm 2-layer green board with ground plane.</td>
  <td>JFET electret microphone preamp circuit: electret mic (with internal JFET) → 0.1µF C1 → 2N5457 common-source stage (RG=1MΩ, RD=10kΩ, RS=1kΩ, CS=100µF bypass). Output → 10µF C2 → volume pot 10k → second stage. Gain ~10 per stage. VDD=9V. All component values labeled. Clean schematic.</td>
  <td>TO-92 package drawing: body 5.0×4.1×4.8mm (seated height), lead pitch 2.54mm, lead diameter 0.45mm, lead length 14.5mm, flat face width 3.7mm. Top and side views with all dimensions. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">Jumper Wire</td>
  <td>Premium flat-lay photo of Dupont jumper wire set on dark surface. Three types coiled: male-to-male (red), male-to-female (blue), female-to-female (yellow). 10cm length. Soft overhead lighting. Square 400×400.</td>
  <td>Top-down flat-lay of Dupont jumper wires on pure white. Six wires displayed straight: two male-to-male (red, black), two male-to-female (blue, green), two female-to-female (yellow, white). Each 20cm long covering full diagonal. Pin connectors visible at ends. Even diffused lighting.</td>
  <td>45° perspective of three jumper wire types crossing on white surface. Male-to-male wire forming U-bend showing both pin ends (square metal pins), male-to-female showing pin on one end and receptacle on other, female-to-female with both ends as receptacles. Wire texture visible, soft shadows cast across surface.</td>
  <td>Three Dupont wire types side-by-side: male-to-male (M-M, 2.54mm pin both ends), male-to-female (M-F, pin one end, socket other), female-to-female (F-F, socket both ends). Also ribbon cable (10-wire, IDC connectors). Gray bg with ruler scale (cm). Each labeled with type and connector style.</td>
  <td>Cross-section of Dupont connector: brass square pin (0.64×0.64mm) for male end, phosphor-bronze female receptacle with dual spring contacts for grip, PVC insulation (0.5mm thick) around 26AWG stranded tinned copper wire (7 strands × 0.16mm). Crimp connection detail: metal ferrule crimped around stripped wire and insulation. Labeled parts. Technical illustration.</td>
  <td>Pinout/connector types: male pin dimensions (0.64mm square, 6mm exposed length, chamfered tip), female receptacle opening (0.7×0.7mm square, 6mm depth). 2.54mm (0.1") pitch standard header compatibility. Housing: 1×N pin strips, single row. Color coding convention. Engineering reference diagram.</td>
  <td>Schematic representation: jumper wire shown as simple line between two connection points. Dupont connector symbol as small rectangle/pad with arrow. Labeled "JMP1" with net name. Standard wire symbol for schematic connectivity.</td>
  <td>Breadboard with extensive wiring: Arduino Uno with 10 colored Dupont wires forming SPI bus (red VCC, black GND, yellow SCK, green MOSI, blue MISO, white CS). Clean organized routing with 90° bends, wire colors matching signal types. M-F wires from Arduino headers to breadboard, M-M wires on breadboard. Top-down photo.</td>
  <td>PCB with header pin layouts: 1×8 male header (J1), 2×8 shrouded box header (J2), screw terminal block (J3). Pad sizes for Dupont-compatible headers: round pad ∅1.5mm, square pad for pin 1. 2.54mm pitch. Recommended footprint dimensions. Green CAD showing proper header land patterns.</td>
  <td>Jumper wire harness diagram: Arduino Uno to breadboard wiring for sensor interfacing. DHT22 sensor → D2 (yellow wire), VCC→5V (red), GND→GND (black). I2C OLED: SDA→A4 (blue), SCL→A5 (white), VCC→5V (red), GND→GND (black). Wire color legend. Neat routing schematic.</td>
  <td>Dupont wire dimensions: overall length (including connectors) 200mm, wire diameter 1.5mm (26AWG, 7/0.16mm stranded), male pin exposed length 6mm, female housing length 12mm, housing width 5mm, housing height 5mm. Crimp ferrule 4mm. Blueprint style, mm.</td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td class="comp-name">LCD</td>
  <td>Premium product photo of 16×2 character LCD module (HD44780) on dark surface. Blue backlit display showing "Hello, World!" text, 16-pin header along bottom. Soft rim lighting. Square 400×400.</td>