feat: add position details to linter

- adds ability for linter to return range to specify where the error
  gets returned
- maps that correctly over for the lsp
- for the builtin selectstar rule, add the range

Author: benfdking

sqlmesh/core/linter/definition.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from collections.abc import Iterator, Iterable, Set, Mapping, Callable
 from functools import reduce
 from sqlmesh.core.model import Model
-from sqlmesh.core.linter.rule import Rule, RuleViolation
+from sqlmesh.core.linter.rule import Rule, RuleViolation, Range
 from sqlmesh.core.console import LinterConsole, get_console
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ def lint_model(
                 violation_msg=violation.violation_msg,
                 model=model,
                 violation_type="error",
+                violation_range=violation.violation_range,
             )
             for violation in error_violations
         ] + [
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ def lint_model(
                 violation_msg=violation.violation_msg,
                 model=model,
                 violation_type="warning",
+                violation_range=violation.violation_range,
             )
             for violation in warn_violations
         ]
@@ -149,7 +151,8 @@ def __init__(
         violation_msg: str,
         model: Model,
         violation_type: t.Literal["error", "warning"],
+        violation_range: t.Optional["Range"] = None,
     ) -> None:
-        super().__init__(rule, violation_msg)
+        super().__init__(rule, violation_msg, violation_range)
         self.model = model
         self.violation_type = violation_type

sqlmesh/core/linter/helpers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from sqlmesh.core.linter.rule import Position, Range
+from sqlmesh.utils.pydantic import PydanticModel
+import typing as t
+
+
+class TokenPositionDetails(PydanticModel):
+    """
+    Details about a token's position in the source code in the structure provided by SQLGlot.
+
+    Attributes:
+        line (int): The line that the token ends on.
+        col (int): The column that the token ends on.
+        start (int): The start index of the token.
+        end (int): The ending index of the token.
+    """
+
+    line: int
+    col: int
+    start: int
+    end: int
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_meta(meta: t.Dict[str, int]) -> "TokenPositionDetails":
+        return TokenPositionDetails(
+            line=meta["line"],
+            col=meta["col"],
+            start=meta["start"],
+            end=meta["end"],
+        )
+
+    def to_range(self, read_file: t.Optional[t.List[str]]) -> Range:
+        """
+        Convert a TokenPositionDetails object to a Range object.
+
+        In the circumstances where the token's start and end positions are the same,
+        there is no need for a read_file parameter, as the range can be derived from the token's
+        line and column. This is an optimization to avoid unnecessary file reads and should
+        only be used when the token represents a single character or position in the file.
+
+        If the token's start and end positions are different, the read_file parameter is required.
+
+        :param read_file: List of lines from the file. Optional
+        :return: A Range object representing the token's position
+        """
+        if self.start == self.end:
+            # If the start and end positions are the same, we can create a range directly
+            return Range(
+                start=Position(line=self.line - 1, character=self.col - 1),
+                end=Position(line=self.line - 1, character=self.col),
+            )
+
+        if read_file is None:
+            raise ValueError("read_file must be provided when start and end positions differ.")
+
+        # Convert from 1-indexed to 0-indexed for line only
+        end_line_0 = self.line - 1
+        end_col_0 = self.col
+
+        # Find the start line and column by counting backwards from the end position
+        start_pos = self.start
+        end_pos = self.end
+
+        # Initialize with the end position
+        start_line_0 = end_line_0
+        start_col_0 = end_col_0 - (end_pos - start_pos + 1)
+
+        # If start_col_0 is negative, we need to go back to previous lines
+        while start_col_0 < 0 and start_line_0 > 0:
+            start_line_0 -= 1
+            start_col_0 += len(read_file[start_line_0])
+            # Account for newline character
+            if start_col_0 >= 0:
+                break
+            start_col_0 += 1  # For the newline character
+
+        # Ensure we don't have negative values
+        start_col_0 = max(0, start_col_0)
+        return Range(
+            start=Position(line=start_line_0, character=start_col_0),
+            end=Position(line=end_line_0, character=end_col_0),
+        )
+
+
+def read_range_from_file(file: Path, text_range: Range) -> str:
+    """
+    Read the file and return the content within the specified range.
+
+    Args:
+        file: Path to the file to read
+        text_range: The range of text to extract
+
+    Returns:
+        The content within the specified range
+    """
+    with file.open("r") as f:
+        lines = f.readlines()
+
+    # Ensure the range is within bounds
+    start_line = max(0, text_range.start.line)
+    end_line = min(len(lines), text_range.end.line + 1)
+
+    if start_line >= end_line:
+        return ""
+
+    # Extract the relevant portions of each line
+    result = []
+    for i in range(start_line, end_line):
+        line = lines[i]
+        start_char = text_range.start.character if i == text_range.start.line else 0
+        end_char = text_range.end.character if i == text_range.end.line else len(line)
+        result.append(line[start_char:end_char])
+
+    return "".join(result)

sqlmesh/core/linter/rule.py

@@ -22,6 +22,20 @@ class RuleLocation(PydanticModel):
     start_line: t.Optional[int] = None
 
 
+class Position(PydanticModel):
+    """The position of a rule violation in a file, the position follows the LSP standard."""
+
+    line: int
+    character: int
+
+
+class Range(PydanticModel):
+    """The range of a rule violation in a file. The range follows the LSP standard."""
+
+    start: Position
+    end: Position
+
+
 class _Rule(abc.ABCMeta):
     def __new__(cls: Type[_Rule], clsname: str, bases: t.Tuple, attrs: t.Dict) -> _Rule:
         attrs["name"] = clsname.lower()
@@ -45,9 +59,15 @@ def summary(self) -> str:
         """A summary of what this rule checks for."""
         return self.__doc__ or ""
 
-    def violation(self, violation_msg: t.Optional[str] = None) -> RuleViolation:
+    def violation(
+        self,
+        violation_msg: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        violation_range: t.Optional[Range] = None,
+    ) -> RuleViolation:
         """Create a RuleViolation instance for this rule"""
-        return RuleViolation(rule=self, violation_msg=violation_msg or self.summary)
+        return RuleViolation(
+            rule=self, violation_msg=violation_msg or self.summary, violation_range=violation_range
+        )
 
     def get_definition_location(self) -> RuleLocation:
         """Return the file path and position information for this rule.
@@ -79,9 +99,12 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
 
 
 class RuleViolation:
-    def __init__(self, rule: Rule, violation_msg: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, rule: Rule, violation_msg: str, violation_range: t.Optional[Range] = None
+    ) -> None:
         self.rule = rule
         self.violation_msg = violation_msg
+        self.violation_range = violation_range
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.rule.name}: {self.violation_msg}"

sqlmesh/core/linter/rules/builtin.py

@@ -4,21 +4,39 @@
 
 import typing as t
 
+from sqlglot.expressions import Star
 from sqlglot.helper import subclasses
 
-from sqlmesh.core.linter.rule import Rule, RuleViolation
+from sqlmesh.core.linter.helpers import TokenPositionDetails
+from sqlmesh.core.linter.rule import Rule, RuleViolation, Range
 from sqlmesh.core.linter.definition import RuleSet
 from sqlmesh.core.model import Model, SqlModel
 
 
 class NoSelectStar(Rule):
-    """Query should not contain SELECT * on its outer most projections, even if it can be expanded."""
+    """Query should not contain SELECT * on its outermost projections, even if it can be expanded."""
 
     def check_model(self, model: Model) -> t.Optional[RuleViolation]:
+        # Only applies to SQL models, as other model types do not have a query.
         if not isinstance(model, SqlModel):
             return None
-
-        return self.violation() if model.query.is_star else None
+        query = model.query
+        if query.is_star:
+            violation_range = self._get_range(model)
+            return self.violation(violation_range=violation_range)
+        return None
+
+    def _get_range(self, model: SqlModel) -> t.Optional[Range]:
+        """Get the range of the violation if available."""
+        try:
+            if len(model.query.expressions) == 1 and isinstance(model.query.expressions[0], Star):
+                position = TokenPositionDetails.from_meta(model.query.expressions[0].meta)
+                if position.start != position.end:
+                    return None
+                return position.to_range(None)
+            return None
+        except Exception:
+            return None
 
 
 class InvalidSelectStarExpansion(Rule):

sqlmesh/lsp/context.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 from sqlmesh.core.model.definition import SqlModel
 from sqlmesh.core.linter.definition import AnnotatedRuleViolation
-from sqlmesh.lsp.custom import RenderModelEntry, ModelForRendering
+from sqlmesh.lsp.custom import ModelForRendering
 from sqlmesh.lsp.custom import AllModelsResponse, RenderModelEntry
 from sqlmesh.lsp.uri import URI
 

sqlmesh/lsp/main.py

@@ -618,8 +618,24 @@ def _diagnostic_to_lsp_diagnostic(
     ) -> t.Optional[types.Diagnostic]:
         if diagnostic.model._path is None:
             return None
-        with open(diagnostic.model._path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
-            lines = file.readlines()
+        if not diagnostic.violation_range:
+            with open(diagnostic.model._path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
+                lines = file.readlines()
+            range = types.Range(
+                start=types.Position(line=0, character=0),
+                end=types.Position(line=len(lines) - 1, character=len(lines[-1])),
+            )
+        else:
+            range = types.Range(
+                start=types.Position(
+                    line=diagnostic.violation_range.start.line,
+                    character=diagnostic.violation_range.start.character,
+                ),
+                end=types.Position(
+                    line=diagnostic.violation_range.end.line,
+                    character=diagnostic.violation_range.end.character,
+                ),
+            )
 
         # Get rule definition location for diagnostics link
         rule_location = diagnostic.rule.get_definition_location()
@@ -628,10 +644,7 @@ def _diagnostic_to_lsp_diagnostic(
 
         # Use URI format to create a link for "related information"
         return types.Diagnostic(
-            range=types.Range(
-                start=types.Position(line=0, character=0),
-                end=types.Position(line=len(lines), character=len(lines[-1])),
-            ),
+            range=range,
             message=diagnostic.violation_msg,
             severity=types.DiagnosticSeverity.Error
             if diagnostic.violation_type == "error"