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‎co_simulation/validation/README.md‎

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- [Mok FSI benchmark](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/co_simulation/validation/fsi_mok/README.md)
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- [Dam break against a flexible wall FSI benchmark](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/co_simulation/validation/dam_break_flex_wall/README.md)
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- [FSI Turek Benchmark](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/tree/master/co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2)

‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/README.md‎

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# [Turek benchmark - FSI2](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/tree/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2)
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**Author:** [Juan Ignacio Camarotti](https://github.com/juancamarotti)
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**Kratos version:** 9.4
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**Source files:** [Turek benchmark - FSI2](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/tree/master/co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/source)
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## Case Specification
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This is a 2D simulation of the well-known Turek FSI benchmark. It consists in a 2D fluid channel that contains a cylinder to which flexible flag is attached. In this case, the FSI2 set-up is taken into account. The main challenge of such FSI2 test is the large oscillations of the flexible flag associated to the fluid-structure interaction mechanisms. It is therefore considered as a challenging test for the coupling algorithms. The main reference of the test can be found in [Turek et. al. (2006)](https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34596-5_15). The following applications of Kratos are used:
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* CoSimulationApplication
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* MappingApplication
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* MeshMovingApplication
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* FluidDynamicsApplication
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* StructuralMechanicsApplication
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* ConstitutiveLawsApplication
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* LinearSolversApplication
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The problem geometry as well as the boundary conditions are sketched below (image from Turek et. al. (2006).
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<p align="center">
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<img src="data/turek_benchmark_geometry.png" alt="Turek benchmark geometry." style="width: 800px;"/>
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</p>
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A Newtonian constitutive law is considered in the fluid domain. The fluid characteristic parameters are:
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* Density (&rho;): 1.0E+03 _Kg/m<sup>3</sup>_
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* Kinematic viscosity (&nu;): 1.0 _m<sup>2</sup>/s_
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On the other hand, a Kirchhoff - Saint Venant plane strain constitutive law with is used in the structure domain. The structure mechanical parameters are
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* Density (&rho;): 1.0E+04 _Kg/m<sup>3</sup>_
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* Elastic modulus (E): 1.4E+06 _Pa_
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* Poisson ratio (&nu;): 0.4
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The time step is 0.002 seconds, which is small enough to capture the oscillation peak values. The total simulation time is 20.0 seconds.
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## Results
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The structural mechanics problem is solved using a FE structured mesh conformed by around 3.3k linear quadrilateral elements implementing a Total Lagrangian formulation. On the other hand, the fluid dynamics problem is solved using a FE unstructured mesh of around 30k linear triangular elements implementing an ALE ASGS Navier-Stokes formulation. The obtained fluid velocity and structure displacement fields, together with the deformed geometry, are shown below. The obtained results are in agreement to the ones in the reference publication.
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<p align="center">
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<img src="data/turek_benchmark_FSI2_v.gif" alt="Fluid velocity field [m/s]." style="width: 800px;"/>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="data/turek_benchmark_FSI2_d.gif" alt="Structure displacement field [m]." style="width: 800px;"/>
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</p>
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## References
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Turek S., Hron J. (2006) Proposal for Numerical Benchmarking of Fluid-Structure Interaction between an Elastic Object and Laminar Incompressible Flow. In: Bungartz HJ., Schäfer M. (eds) Fluid-Structure Interaction. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol 53. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg [https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34596-5_15](https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34596-5_15)

‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/data/turek_benchmark_FSI2_d.gif‎

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‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/data/turek_benchmark_FSI2_v.gif‎

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‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/data/turek_benchmark_geometry.png‎

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‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/source/FluidMaterials.json‎

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{
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"properties" : [{
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.Parts_Fluid",
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"properties_id" : 1,
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"Material" : {
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"constitutive_law" : {
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"name" : "Newtonian2DLaw"
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},
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"Variables" : {
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"DENSITY": 1000.0,
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"DYNAMIC_VISCOSITY" : 1.0
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},
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"Tables" : {}
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}
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}]
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}

‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/source/MainKratos.py‎

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import KratosMultiphysics as KM
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from KratosMultiphysics.CoSimulationApplication.co_simulation_analysis import CoSimulationAnalysis
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"""
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For user-scripting it is intended that a new class is derived
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from CoSimulationAnalysis to do modifications
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Check also "kratos/python_scripts/analysis_stage.py" for available methods that can be overridden
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"""
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parameter_file_name = "ProjectParametersCoSim.json"
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with open(parameter_file_name,'r') as parameter_file:
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parameters = KM.Parameters(parameter_file.read())
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simulation = CoSimulationAnalysis(parameters)
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simulation.Run()

‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/source/ProjectParametersCFD.json‎

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{
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"problem_data" : {
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"problem_name" : "fsi_turek_FSI2",
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"parallel_type" : "OpenMP",
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"echo_level" : 0,
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"start_time" : 0.0,
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"end_time" : 20.0
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},
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"solver_settings" : {
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"solver_type" : "ale_fluid",
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"ale_boundary_parts" : ["FluidNoSlipInterface2D_FluidInterface"],
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"mesh_motion_solver_settings" : {
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"echo_level" : 0,
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"domain_size" : 2,
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart",
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"solver_type" : "structural_similarity"
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},
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"fluid_solver_settings": {
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"solver_type" : "Monolithic",
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"domain_size" : 2,
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart",
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"model_import_settings" : {
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"input_type" : "mdpa",
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"input_filename" : "fsi_turek_FSI2_Fluid"
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},
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"material_import_settings" : {
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"materials_filename" : "FluidMaterials.json"
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},
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"echo_level" : 0,
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"compute_reactions" : true,
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"formulation": {
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"element_type": "qsvms",
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"use_orthogonal_subscales": false,
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"dynamic_tau": 1.0
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},
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"maximum_iterations" : 10,
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"relative_velocity_tolerance" : 1e-6,
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"absolute_velocity_tolerance" : 1e-6,
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"relative_pressure_tolerance" : 1e-6,
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"absolute_pressure_tolerance" : 1e-6,
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"volume_model_part_name" : "Parts_Fluid",
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"skin_parts" : ["AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet","Outlet2D_Outlet","NoSlip2D_NoSlip","NoSlip2D_Cylinder","FluidNoSlipInterface2D_FluidInterface"],
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"no_skin_parts" : ["ALEMeshDisplacementBC2D_FluidALEMeshFreeX","ALEMeshDisplacementBC2D_FluidALEMeshFixXY","ALEMeshDisplacementBC2D_Cylinder"],
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"time_stepping" : {
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"automatic_time_step" : false,
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"time_step" : 0.002
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}
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}
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},
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"processes" : {
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"initial_conditions_process_list" : [],
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"boundary_conditions_process_list" : [{
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"python_module" : "apply_inlet_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet",
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"variable_name" : "VELOCITY",
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"modulus" : "1.5*(0.5*(1-cos(0.5*pi*t))*1.0)*(4.0/0.1681)*y*(0.41-y)",
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"direction" : "automatic_inwards_normal",
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"interval" : [0.0,2.0]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "apply_inlet_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet",
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"variable_name" : "VELOCITY",
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"modulus" : "1.5*(1.0)*(4.0/0.1681)*y*(0.41-y)",
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"direction" : "automatic_inwards_normal",
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"interval" : [2.0,"End"]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "apply_outlet_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.Outlet2D_Outlet",
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"variable_name" : "PRESSURE",
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"constrained" : true,
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"value" : 0.0,
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"hydrostatic_outlet" : false,
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"h_top" : 0.0
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "apply_noslip_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.NoSlip2D_NoSlip"
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "apply_noslip_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.NoSlip2D_Cylinder"
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}
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},
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{
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"python_module" : "apply_noslip_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.FluidNoSlipInterface2D_FluidInterface"
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}
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}],
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"gravity" : [],
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"ale_boundary_conditions" : [{
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"python_module" : "fix_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"help" : "This process fixes the selected components of a given vector variable",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.FluidNoSlipInterface2D_FluidInterface",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"constrained" : [true, true, true]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "fix_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"help" : "This process fixes the selected components of a given vector variable",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"constrained" : [true, true, true]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "fix_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"help" : "This process fixes the selected components of a given vector variable",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.NoSlip2D_NoSlip",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"constrained" : [true, true, true]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "fix_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"help" : "This process fixes the selected components of a given vector variable",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.Outlet2D_Outlet",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"constrained" : [true, true, true]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "fix_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"help" : "This process fixes the selected components of a given vector variable",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.NoSlip2D_Cylinder",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"constrained" : [true, true, true]
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}}
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]
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},
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"output_processes" : {
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"vtk_output" : [{
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"python_module" : "vtk_output_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "VtkOutputProcess",
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"help" : "This process writes postprocessing files for Paraview",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.Parts_Fluid",
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"output_control_type" : "step",
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"output_interval" : 1,
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"file_format" : "binary",
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"output_precision" : 7,
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"output_sub_model_parts" : false,
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"output_path" : "vtk_output_fsi_turek2_cfd",
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"save_output_files_in_folder" : true,
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"nodal_solution_step_data_variables" : ["VELOCITY","PRESSURE","MESH_DISPLACEMENT","MESH_VELOCITY", "REACTION"]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}

‎co_simulation/validation/fsi_turek_FSI2/source/ProjectParametersCSM.json‎

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{
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"problem_data" : {
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"problem_name" : "fsi_turek_FSI2",
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"parallel_type" : "OpenMP",
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"start_time" : 0.0,
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"end_time" : 20.0,
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"echo_level" : 0
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},
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"solver_settings" : {
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"solver_type" : "dynamic",
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"echo_level" : 1,
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"analysis_type" : "non_linear",
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"time_integration_method" : "implicit",
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"scheme_type" : "bossak",
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"model_part_name" : "Structure",
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"domain_size" : 2,
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"model_import_settings" : {
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"input_type" : "mdpa",
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"input_filename" : "fsi_turek_FSI2_Structural"
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},
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"material_import_settings" : {
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"materials_filename" : "StructuralMaterials.json"
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},
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"time_stepping" : {
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"time_step" : 0.002
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},
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"convergence_criterion" : "residual_criterion",
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"displacement_relative_tolerance" : 0.0001,
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"displacement_absolute_tolerance" : 1e-9,
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"residual_relative_tolerance" : 1e-6,
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"residual_absolute_tolerance" : 1e-8,
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"max_iteration" : 10,
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"rotation_dofs" : false
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},
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"processes" : {
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"constraints_process_list" : [{
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"python_module" : "assign_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "Structure.DISPLACEMENT_FixedDisplacement",
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"variable_name" : "DISPLACEMENT",
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"constrained" : [true,true,true],
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"value" : [0.0,0.0,0.0],
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"]
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}
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}],
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"loads_process_list" : []
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},
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"output_processes" : {
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"vtk_output" : [{
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"python_module" : "vtk_output_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "VtkOutputProcess",
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"help" : "This process writes postprocessing files for Paraview",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "Structure",
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"output_control_type" : "step",
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"output_interval" : 1,
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"file_format" : "binary",
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"output_precision" : 7,
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"output_sub_model_parts" : false,
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"output_path" : "vtk_output_fsi_turek2_csd",
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"save_output_files_in_folder" : true,
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"nodal_solution_step_data_variables" : ["DISPLACEMENT", "POINT_LOAD"]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "point_output_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "PointOutputProcess",
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"help" : "This process writes postprocessing files for Paraview",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "Structure",
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"entity_type" : "node",
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"interval" : [0.0, "End"],
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"position" : [0.60000 ,0.20067 ,0.00000],
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"output_variables" : ["DISPLACEMENT_X"],
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"historical_value" : true,
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"search_configuration" : "initial",
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"search_tolerance" : 1e-6,
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"print_format" : "",
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"output_file_settings" : {
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"file_name" : "Point_A_Displacement_X",
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"output_path": "",
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"write_buffer_size" : 1,
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"file_extension" : "dat"
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}
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}}]
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}
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}

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