Computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes it, and produces output under the control of the user.
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system — the parts that can be physically touched.
Examples:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Monitor
- Keyboard
- Mouse
Software consists of the logical, non-tangible components — the programs and data that run on the hardware.
Examples:
- Operating Systems (e.g., Windows, Linux)
- Applications (e.g., VLC Media Player, MS Paint)
- System tools and utilities
Responsible for managing system hardware and core functions.
Examples:
- Operating Systems (OS)
- BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
Designed to help users perform specific tasks.
Examples:
- VLC Media Player
- Microsoft Paint
- Word Processors
Provides tools for system maintenance, performance optimization, and security.
Examples:
- Antivirus software
- Firewalls
- Disk cleanup tools
Input devices are used to provide data and control signals to a computer system.
Common input devices:
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Microphone
- Thumb scanner
An Operating System is a collection of programs that serves as an interface between the user and the computer hardware. It facilitates the coordination and management of hardware and software resources.
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Windows Workflow: User → Application → Operating System → Hardware
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Linux Workflow: User → Shell → Kernel → Hardware
1. Process Management
- Manages the execution of programs
- Includes task scheduling, multitasking, and termination of processes
2. Memory Management
- Allocates and deallocates system memory
- Ensures optimal and safe use of RAM
3. Input/Output (I/O) Management
- Manages communication between the system and external devices
- Handles operations with peripherals like keyboards, screens, and printers
The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers and devices worldwide. It enables access to vast information, online communication, and various services.
An Intranet is a private network used within an organization to securely share company information and computing resources among employees. It is not accessible to the general public.