diff --git a/.agents/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md b/.agents/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md
index 41f65698..ac469e99 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ The write journal is `<root>/.journal/`; read digests cache under
 
 ## Writing (journaling)
 
-One command for all 13 mutations — pass the payload as a single JSON argument:
+One command for all 15 mutations — pass the payload as a single JSON argument:
 
 ```bash
 flatbread effort write '{"type":"WriteDecision","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","derives_from":["<id>"]}'
@@ -59,18 +59,23 @@ Response: `{"generation":"<token>","artifacts":[{"id","path","operation"}],"touc
 **Capture `artifacts[0].id`** to wire later edges, and **keep `generation`**
 for strict read-your-writes.
 
-Full payload shapes for all 13 mutations: read [reference.md](./reference.md).
+Full payload shapes for all 15 mutations: read [reference.md](./reference.md).
 Critical semantics:
 
 - Creates always start in the initial lifecycle state: `WriteDecision` →
   `proposed`, `WriteIssue` → `open`, `WriteRisk` → `open`. You cannot pass a
   state; use lifecycle mutations (`AcceptDecision`, `ResolveIssue`,
-  `MitigateRisk`, `SetRiskState`) to transition.
+  `MitigateRisk`, `SetRiskState`) to transition. `WriteCitation` and
+  `WriteBlob` have no lifecycle state.
 - `AcceptDecision` defaults `rejectSiblings: true`, which rejects ALL other
   proposed Decisions in the same Effort. Pass `"rejectSiblings": false`
   unless you deliberately want the competing proposals closed.
 - Edges are forward-only in payloads (`derives_from`, `supersedes`,
   `invalidates`); back-edges are materialized automatically.
+- Cites: `WriteCitation` (body may be a URL; optional `blob` + `role`), then
+  `cites: ["<cit-id>"]` on any epistemic create. Flatbread `refs` link
+  records → Citation → optional Blob. Bounded digests omit Blob bodies —
+  use `effort get`.
 - When superseding, open the new record's body with a short rollup of what
   changed and why — reads render ancestors only as one-line checkpoints.
 - For a hard-to-reverse, surprising decision made after a real trade-off, use
diff --git a/.agents/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md b/.agents/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md
index b3b605bd..2f1e190c 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md
@@ -48,13 +48,37 @@ A prospective negative outcome with likelihood and severity. It is open,
 mitigated by an accepted Decision, realized with evidence, or explicitly
 accepted.
 
+### Citation
+
+A first-class cite target that explains what evidence is and how it relates.
+Epistemic records point at Citations via the homogeneous `cites` ref so
+Flatbread validates and GraphQL-resolves the edge. A Citation body alone is
+valid — often a URL string. An optional `blob` ref attaches a longform/opaque
+payload when needed. Optional `role` labels the relationship (e.g. evidence,
+context). Citations have no proposed/accepted lifecycle.
+
+### Blob
+
+A citeable, non-epistemic payload: opaque content of any format (markdown,
+JSON, images, etc.) with no proposed/accepted lifecycle. Blobs are ordinary
+Flatbread content (filesystem-first; other sources such as S3/CDN may back
+them later). Records do not cite Blobs directly — they cite a Citation that
+may optionally ref a Blob. Bounded digests omit Blob bodies by default; use
+`effort get <blob-id>` to read the payload.
+
 ## Edges
 
 `derives_from` is causal upstream evidence or context. `supersedes` replaces a
 record of the same primitive, while `invalidates` says a record was wrong.
 Those forward edges are authoritative; `superseded_by` and `invalidated_by` are
-writer-materialized reverse projections. New edge vocabulary needs a
-dogfooded query the existing vocabulary cannot express.
+writer-materialized reverse projections.
+
+`cites` is a homogeneous Flatbread `refs` edge to Citation on every epistemic
+record (Effort, Issue, Finding, Decision, Constraint, Risk). Citation may
+optionally `blob` → Blob.
+
+New edge vocabulary needs a dogfooded query the existing vocabulary cannot
+express.
 
 ## Intentional non-models
 
@@ -62,3 +86,8 @@ Session, Run, Plan, Artifact, Agent, Investigation, Question, Proposal,
 Retrospective, and Branch are not collections. Use provenance fields for
 operational data; represent questions as Issues, proposals as proposed
 Decisions, retrospectives as Findings, and branch history through Git.
+
+**Citation** carries relationship context (and optional Blob). **Blob** is the
+longform/payload collection. **Artifact** remains a non-model for run/build
+outputs (CLI write-result `artifacts`, digest `artifact_path`, Proof
+transcripts) — do not promote those into graph records.
diff --git a/.agents/skills/effort-graph/reference.md b/.agents/skills/effort-graph/reference.md
index 1e7bf053..77b8a2d1 100644
--- a/.agents/skills/effort-graph/reference.md
+++ b/.agents/skills/effort-graph/reference.md
@@ -7,21 +7,26 @@ consumer ground truth.
 ## IDs
 
 Generated as `<prefix>-<slug>--<16-char-crockford>` with prefixes `eff`,
-`iss`, `fnd`, `dec`, `con`, `rsk`. Filenames never define identity. Let the
-writer generate ids; capture them from mutation results (`artifacts[0].id`
-for creates).
+`iss`, `fnd`, `dec`, `con`, `rsk`, `cit`, `blb`. Filenames never define
+identity. Let the writer generate ids; capture them from mutation results
+(`artifacts[0].id` for creates).
 
-## The 13 mutations (`flatbread effort write '<json>'`)
+## The 15 mutations (`flatbread effort write '<json>'`)
 
 Common optional fields on all creates: `id`, `created_at` (ISO with offset),
 `produced_in`, `created_by` (opaque provenance strings). Forward edge fields
-on all creates except `CreateEffort`: `derives_from[]`, `supersedes[]`,
-`invalidates[]` (arrays of existing ids; targets are validated).
+on all creates except `CreateEffort`, `WriteCitation`, and `WriteBlob`:
+`derives_from[]`, `supersedes[]`, `invalidates[]` (arrays of existing ids;
+targets are validated).
+
+Optional `cites[]` on all epistemic creates (`CreateEffort` and every `Write*`
+except `WriteCitation` / `WriteBlob`): existing **Citation** ids (homogeneous
+Flatbread `refs` → Citation).
 
 ### Effort lifecycle
 
 ```json
-{"type":"CreateEffort","title":"...","body":"...","slug":"optional"}
+{"type":"CreateEffort","title":"...","body":"...","slug":"optional","cites":["<cit-id>"]}
 {"type":"SetEffortStatus","effortId":"<eff-id>","status":"active|paused|completed|abandoned"}
 ```
 
@@ -33,10 +38,15 @@ on all creates except `CreateEffort`: `derives_from[]`, `supersedes[]`,
 {"type":"WriteDecision","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"..."}
 {"type":"WriteConstraint","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","kind":"hard|soft"}
 {"type":"WriteRisk","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","likelihood":"low|medium|high","severity":"low|medium|high"}
+{"type":"WriteCitation","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"https://example.com/...","role":"evidence|context|<free-form>","blob":"<blb-id>"}
+{"type":"WriteBlob","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","kind":"markdown|json|<free-form>"}
 ```
 
 Initial states: Issue `status: open`; Decision `state: proposed`; Risk
-`state: open`.
+`state: open`. Citation and Blob have no lifecycle state.
+
+A Citation body alone is valid (commonly a URL). `blob` is optional — attach
+a Blob only when you need a longform/opaque payload behind the cite.
 
 ### Edge retro-linking (records must already exist)
 
@@ -96,9 +106,12 @@ The digest at `artifact_path` is deterministic markdown: YAML query header,
 anchor index, per-record sections (selected frontmatter, body, relation
 lists), one-hop related records, and an edge table. Body policy:
 
-- **`effort get`:** full record body (the normal zoom-in path).
+- **`effort get`:** full record body (the normal zoom-in path), including
+  Blob payloads and Citation bodies (URLs / short notes).
 - **`list` / `records` / `relations` / `blocking-decisions`:** body excerpt
-  capped at 600 chars / 12 lines (`[…truncated]`).
+  capped at 600 chars / 12 lines (`[…truncated]`). **Blob bodies are omitted**
+  from these digests — use `effort get` for the payload. Citation bodies
+  (usually short) still excerpt normally.
 
 Caps: 25 primary records, one hop, 50 edges, 64 KiB; hitting a cap sets
 `complete: false` with named `cap_reasons` — narrow the query or page rather
@@ -117,8 +130,8 @@ flatbread effort blocking-decisions <effortId> [consistency flags]
 flatbread effort cache prune
 ```
 
-- `--kinds`: `effort|issue|finding|decision|constraint|risk` (records:
-  default all non-effort kinds).
+- `--kinds`: `effort|issue|finding|decision|constraint|risk|citation|blob`
+  (records: default all non-effort kinds, including `citation` and `blob`).
 - `list --status`: defaults to `active`; valid values are exactly `active`,
   `paused`, `completed`, and `abandoned`. Values are ORed and results are
   ordered by `created_at` ascending, then `id`.
@@ -126,7 +139,7 @@ flatbread effort cache prune
   `--since`/`--until` bound `created_at` (gte/lte, ISO strings).
 - `--relations` values: `derives_from`, `supersedes`, `superseded_by`,
   `invalidates`, `invalidated_by`, `rejected_by`, `mitigated_by`,
-  `resolved_by`, `evidence` (one hop, explicit only).
+  `resolved_by`, `evidence`, `cites` (one hop, explicit only).
 - `--resolve head`: follow `superseded_by` to the current tip; ancestors
   render as checkpoint lines (max 5, then a count).
 - `blocking-decisions` membership (frozen): Decision in the effort with
@@ -145,14 +158,14 @@ flatbread effort cache prune
 
 ## Configuration surface
 
-| Option           | Where                                               | Default                                     | Notes                                                                                                         |
-| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Graph root       | `effortGraphContent(root)` in `flatbread.config.js` | `.flatbread-efforts`                        | All six collection paths + refs derive from it; the preset must appear complete and unmodified for detection. |
-| Config discovery | cwd of the CLI invocation                           | —                                           | Exactly one `flatbread.config.*` must exist in cwd.                                                           |
-| Digest cache     | fixed                                               | `<cwd>/.flatbread/effort-graph/read-cache/` | Generation-keyed; gitignore it. `cache prune`: >24h old deleted, then oldest-first to ≤100 MiB.               |
-| Journal          | fixed                                               | `<root>/.journal/`                          | Writer-owned; gitignored. Never edit.                                                                         |
-| Strict timeout   | `--timeout-ms` per read                             | 3000 ms                                     |                                                                                                               |
-| Page limit       | `--limit` per read                                  | 25                                          | Hard max 25.                                                                                                  |
+| Option           | Where                                               | Default                                     | Notes                                                                                                           |
+| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Graph root       | `effortGraphContent(root)` in `flatbread.config.js` | `.flatbread-efforts`                        | All eight collection paths + refs derive from it; the preset must appear complete and unmodified for detection. |
+| Config discovery | cwd of the CLI invocation                           | —                                           | Exactly one `flatbread.config.*` must exist in cwd.                                                             |
+| Digest cache     | fixed                                               | `<cwd>/.flatbread/effort-graph/read-cache/` | Generation-keyed; gitignore it. `cache prune`: >24h old deleted, then oldest-first to ≤100 MiB.                 |
+| Journal          | fixed                                               | `<root>/.journal/`                          | Writer-owned; gitignored. Never edit.                                                                           |
+| Strict timeout   | `--timeout-ms` per read                             | 3000 ms                                     |                                                                                                                 |
+| Page limit       | `--limit` per read                                  | 25                                          | Hard max 25.                                                                                                    |
 
 ## What not to do
 
@@ -164,3 +177,6 @@ flatbread effort cache prune
   server-side.
 - Do not model sessions/plans/agents as records — put provenance in
   `produced_in` / `created_by` fields.
+- Do not put citation metadata objects into `cites` — use Citation records
+  (body/role/optional blob) and bare Citation ids in `cites`.
+- Do not expect Blob bodies in list/records digests; zoom with `effort get`.
diff --git a/.flatbread-efforts/blobs/blb-blob-cite-design-notes--j3jbgc0cymdb2t9g.md b/.flatbread-efforts/blobs/blb-blob-cite-design-notes--j3jbgc0cymdb2t9g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3574e214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flatbread-efforts/blobs/blb-blob-cite-design-notes--j3jbgc0cymdb2t9g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+id: blb-blob-cite-design-notes--j3jbgc0cymdb2t9g
+effort: eff-effort-graph-memory-and-agent-wedge--szeqvmgqjqnhd002
+title: Blob cite design notes
+kind: markdown
+created_at: '2026-07-19T11:21:00.970Z'
+---
+
+# Blob + Citation dogfood
+
+Longform notes for the citeable payload slice.
+
+- Citations are first-class refs targets
+- Blob is optional on Citation
+- Citation body may be a URL alone
diff --git a/.flatbread-efforts/citations/cit-flatbread-refs-docs-intent--ew3x4qpx1x3c1cy2.md b/.flatbread-efforts/citations/cit-flatbread-refs-docs-intent--ew3x4qpx1x3c1cy2.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78b43610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flatbread-efforts/citations/cit-flatbread-refs-docs-intent--ew3x4qpx1x3c1cy2.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+id: cit-flatbread-refs-docs-intent--ew3x4qpx1x3c1cy2
+effort: eff-effort-graph-memory-and-agent-wedge--szeqvmgqjqnhd002
+title: Flatbread refs docs intent
+role: context
+created_at: '2026-07-19T11:21:02.547Z'
+---
+
+https://github.com/FlatbreadLabs/flatbread
diff --git a/.flatbread-efforts/citations/cit-local-blob-design-dump--pg7g6qy1td7yjqpy.md b/.flatbread-efforts/citations/cit-local-blob-design-dump--pg7g6qy1td7yjqpy.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..371db75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flatbread-efforts/citations/cit-local-blob-design-dump--pg7g6qy1td7yjqpy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+---
+id: cit-local-blob-design-dump--pg7g6qy1td7yjqpy
+effort: eff-effort-graph-memory-and-agent-wedge--szeqvmgqjqnhd002
+title: Local blob design dump
+role: evidence
+blob: blb-blob-cite-design-notes--j3jbgc0cymdb2t9g
+created_at: '2026-07-19T11:21:04.044Z'
+---
+
+Repo dogfood blob capturing the Citation/Blob split.
diff --git a/.flatbread-efforts/decisions/dec-ship-citation-collection-with-optional-blob--fyga3x876n7rcnmn.md b/.flatbread-efforts/decisions/dec-ship-citation-collection-with-optional-blob--fyga3x876n7rcnmn.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd1a29b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flatbread-efforts/decisions/dec-ship-citation-collection-with-optional-blob--fyga3x876n7rcnmn.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+id: dec-ship-citation-collection-with-optional-blob--fyga3x876n7rcnmn
+effort: eff-effort-graph-memory-and-agent-wedge--szeqvmgqjqnhd002
+title: Ship Citation collection with optional Blob
+state: accepted
+created_at: '2026-07-19T11:21:07.225Z'
+derives_from:
+  - fnd-citation-collection-keeps-flatbread-refs-intact--z33ar5vyjxzr7ys0
+  - iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z
+cites:
+  - cit-local-blob-design-dump--pg7g6qy1td7yjqpy
+---
+
+## Context
+
+Epistemic records need cite metadata without breaking Flatbread homogeneous refs (string ids only).
+
+## Decision
+
+Add Citation as a first-class collection. Epistemic records use cites→Citation. Citation body alone is valid (e.g. URL). Optional blob→Blob attaches longform payloads. No cite_meta sidecar.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+- cite_meta objects alongside cites→Blob: works but bypasses refs for annotations
+- cites→Blob only: no place for relationship/URL-only cites
+
+## Consequences
+
+WriteCitation + WriteBlob mutations; digests omit Blob bodies by default.
+
+## Reversal criteria
+
+Revisit if Citation churn is too heavy for simple URL cites or if polymorphic cite targets become necessary.
diff --git a/.flatbread-efforts/findings/fnd-citation-collection-keeps-flatbread-refs-intact--z33ar5vyjxzr7ys0.md b/.flatbread-efforts/findings/fnd-citation-collection-keeps-flatbread-refs-intact--z33ar5vyjxzr7ys0.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6003f212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.flatbread-efforts/findings/fnd-citation-collection-keeps-flatbread-refs-intact--z33ar5vyjxzr7ys0.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+id: fnd-citation-collection-keeps-flatbread-refs-intact--z33ar5vyjxzr7ys0
+effort: eff-effort-graph-memory-and-agent-wedge--szeqvmgqjqnhd002
+title: Citation collection keeps Flatbread refs intact
+kind: measurement
+created_at: '2026-07-19T11:21:05.639Z'
+derives_from:
+  - iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z
+cites:
+  - cit-flatbread-refs-docs-intent--ew3x4qpx1x3c1cy2
+  - cit-local-blob-design-dump--pg7g6qy1td7yjqpy
+---
+
+Homogeneous cites→Citation (optional blob; URL body alone is valid) preserves core refs validation and GraphQL resolve without cite_meta sidecars.
diff --git a/.flatbread-efforts/issues/iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z.md b/.flatbread-efforts/issues/iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z.md
index c4de60e2..24de4104 100644
--- a/.flatbread-efforts/issues/iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z.md
+++ b/.flatbread-efforts/issues/iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z.md
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ id: iss-implement-blob-collection-and-crumb-graph-cites--g2c7m6j39we5xy3z
 effort: eff-effort-graph-memory-and-agent-wedge--szeqvmgqjqnhd002
 title: Implement Blob collection and Crumb Graph cites
 kind: gap
-status: open
+status: resolved
 created_at: '2026-07-19T10:48:48.349Z'
 derives_from:
   - con-mutation-enum-stays-deliberately-small--45v1ae3neq26g1rz
   - dec-name-citeable-longform-payloads-blob--9b11q14fgsx2ytve
+resolved_by:
+  - dec-ship-citation-collection-with-optional-blob--fyga3x876n7rcnmn
+  - fnd-citation-collection-keeps-flatbread-refs-intact--z33ar5vyjxzr7ys0
 ---
 
 Implement the accepted Blob decision so Crumb Graph records can cite longform/dynamic payloads.
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/README.md b/packages/effort-graph/README.md
index cc2c425e..53dacac6 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/README.md
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/README.md
@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@ finishes completely or is undone.
 
 Version 1 supports these actions: `CreateEffort`, `SetEffortStatus`,
 `WriteIssue`, `WriteFinding`, `WriteDecision`, `WriteConstraint`, `WriteRisk`,
-`Supersede`, `Invalidate`, `ResolveIssue`, `AcceptDecision`, `MitigateRisk`,
-and `SetRiskState`.
+`WriteCitation`, `WriteBlob`, `Supersede`, `Invalidate`, `ResolveIssue`,
+`AcceptDecision`, `MitigateRisk`, and `SetRiskState`.
 
 The journal is stored in `<root>/.journal` and is ignored by Git. Use
 `effortGraphContent()` to add Efforts, Issues, Findings, Decisions,
-Constraints, and Risks to a Flatbread configuration. The writer checks links
-between those record types.
+Constraints, Risks, Citations, and Blobs to a Flatbread configuration. The
+writer checks links between those record types. Epistemic records may
+optionally `cites` Citation ids (Flatbread `refs`). A Citation body alone is
+valid (e.g. a URL); an optional `blob` ref attaches a longform payload.
 
 Read [`skills/effort-graph/glossary.md`](./skills/effort-graph/glossary.md) for
 the portable Effort Graph domain model.
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md b/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md
index 41f65698..ac469e99 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/SKILL.md
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ The write journal is `<root>/.journal/`; read digests cache under
 
 ## Writing (journaling)
 
-One command for all 13 mutations — pass the payload as a single JSON argument:
+One command for all 15 mutations — pass the payload as a single JSON argument:
 
 ```bash
 flatbread effort write '{"type":"WriteDecision","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","derives_from":["<id>"]}'
@@ -59,18 +59,23 @@ Response: `{"generation":"<token>","artifacts":[{"id","path","operation"}],"touc
 **Capture `artifacts[0].id`** to wire later edges, and **keep `generation`**
 for strict read-your-writes.
 
-Full payload shapes for all 13 mutations: read [reference.md](./reference.md).
+Full payload shapes for all 15 mutations: read [reference.md](./reference.md).
 Critical semantics:
 
 - Creates always start in the initial lifecycle state: `WriteDecision` →
   `proposed`, `WriteIssue` → `open`, `WriteRisk` → `open`. You cannot pass a
   state; use lifecycle mutations (`AcceptDecision`, `ResolveIssue`,
-  `MitigateRisk`, `SetRiskState`) to transition.
+  `MitigateRisk`, `SetRiskState`) to transition. `WriteCitation` and
+  `WriteBlob` have no lifecycle state.
 - `AcceptDecision` defaults `rejectSiblings: true`, which rejects ALL other
   proposed Decisions in the same Effort. Pass `"rejectSiblings": false`
   unless you deliberately want the competing proposals closed.
 - Edges are forward-only in payloads (`derives_from`, `supersedes`,
   `invalidates`); back-edges are materialized automatically.
+- Cites: `WriteCitation` (body may be a URL; optional `blob` + `role`), then
+  `cites: ["<cit-id>"]` on any epistemic create. Flatbread `refs` link
+  records → Citation → optional Blob. Bounded digests omit Blob bodies —
+  use `effort get`.
 - When superseding, open the new record's body with a short rollup of what
   changed and why — reads render ancestors only as one-line checkpoints.
 - For a hard-to-reverse, surprising decision made after a real trade-off, use
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md b/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md
index b3b605bd..2f1e190c 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/glossary.md
@@ -48,13 +48,37 @@ A prospective negative outcome with likelihood and severity. It is open,
 mitigated by an accepted Decision, realized with evidence, or explicitly
 accepted.
 
+### Citation
+
+A first-class cite target that explains what evidence is and how it relates.
+Epistemic records point at Citations via the homogeneous `cites` ref so
+Flatbread validates and GraphQL-resolves the edge. A Citation body alone is
+valid — often a URL string. An optional `blob` ref attaches a longform/opaque
+payload when needed. Optional `role` labels the relationship (e.g. evidence,
+context). Citations have no proposed/accepted lifecycle.
+
+### Blob
+
+A citeable, non-epistemic payload: opaque content of any format (markdown,
+JSON, images, etc.) with no proposed/accepted lifecycle. Blobs are ordinary
+Flatbread content (filesystem-first; other sources such as S3/CDN may back
+them later). Records do not cite Blobs directly — they cite a Citation that
+may optionally ref a Blob. Bounded digests omit Blob bodies by default; use
+`effort get <blob-id>` to read the payload.
+
 ## Edges
 
 `derives_from` is causal upstream evidence or context. `supersedes` replaces a
 record of the same primitive, while `invalidates` says a record was wrong.
 Those forward edges are authoritative; `superseded_by` and `invalidated_by` are
-writer-materialized reverse projections. New edge vocabulary needs a
-dogfooded query the existing vocabulary cannot express.
+writer-materialized reverse projections.
+
+`cites` is a homogeneous Flatbread `refs` edge to Citation on every epistemic
+record (Effort, Issue, Finding, Decision, Constraint, Risk). Citation may
+optionally `blob` → Blob.
+
+New edge vocabulary needs a dogfooded query the existing vocabulary cannot
+express.
 
 ## Intentional non-models
 
@@ -62,3 +86,8 @@ Session, Run, Plan, Artifact, Agent, Investigation, Question, Proposal,
 Retrospective, and Branch are not collections. Use provenance fields for
 operational data; represent questions as Issues, proposals as proposed
 Decisions, retrospectives as Findings, and branch history through Git.
+
+**Citation** carries relationship context (and optional Blob). **Blob** is the
+longform/payload collection. **Artifact** remains a non-model for run/build
+outputs (CLI write-result `artifacts`, digest `artifact_path`, Proof
+transcripts) — do not promote those into graph records.
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/reference.md b/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/reference.md
index 1e7bf053..77b8a2d1 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/reference.md
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/skills/effort-graph/reference.md
@@ -7,21 +7,26 @@ consumer ground truth.
 ## IDs
 
 Generated as `<prefix>-<slug>--<16-char-crockford>` with prefixes `eff`,
-`iss`, `fnd`, `dec`, `con`, `rsk`. Filenames never define identity. Let the
-writer generate ids; capture them from mutation results (`artifacts[0].id`
-for creates).
+`iss`, `fnd`, `dec`, `con`, `rsk`, `cit`, `blb`. Filenames never define
+identity. Let the writer generate ids; capture them from mutation results
+(`artifacts[0].id` for creates).
 
-## The 13 mutations (`flatbread effort write '<json>'`)
+## The 15 mutations (`flatbread effort write '<json>'`)
 
 Common optional fields on all creates: `id`, `created_at` (ISO with offset),
 `produced_in`, `created_by` (opaque provenance strings). Forward edge fields
-on all creates except `CreateEffort`: `derives_from[]`, `supersedes[]`,
-`invalidates[]` (arrays of existing ids; targets are validated).
+on all creates except `CreateEffort`, `WriteCitation`, and `WriteBlob`:
+`derives_from[]`, `supersedes[]`, `invalidates[]` (arrays of existing ids;
+targets are validated).
+
+Optional `cites[]` on all epistemic creates (`CreateEffort` and every `Write*`
+except `WriteCitation` / `WriteBlob`): existing **Citation** ids (homogeneous
+Flatbread `refs` → Citation).
 
 ### Effort lifecycle
 
 ```json
-{"type":"CreateEffort","title":"...","body":"...","slug":"optional"}
+{"type":"CreateEffort","title":"...","body":"...","slug":"optional","cites":["<cit-id>"]}
 {"type":"SetEffortStatus","effortId":"<eff-id>","status":"active|paused|completed|abandoned"}
 ```
 
@@ -33,10 +38,15 @@ on all creates except `CreateEffort`: `derives_from[]`, `supersedes[]`,
 {"type":"WriteDecision","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"..."}
 {"type":"WriteConstraint","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","kind":"hard|soft"}
 {"type":"WriteRisk","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","likelihood":"low|medium|high","severity":"low|medium|high"}
+{"type":"WriteCitation","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"https://example.com/...","role":"evidence|context|<free-form>","blob":"<blb-id>"}
+{"type":"WriteBlob","effort":"<eff-id>","title":"...","body":"...","kind":"markdown|json|<free-form>"}
 ```
 
 Initial states: Issue `status: open`; Decision `state: proposed`; Risk
-`state: open`.
+`state: open`. Citation and Blob have no lifecycle state.
+
+A Citation body alone is valid (commonly a URL). `blob` is optional — attach
+a Blob only when you need a longform/opaque payload behind the cite.
 
 ### Edge retro-linking (records must already exist)
 
@@ -96,9 +106,12 @@ The digest at `artifact_path` is deterministic markdown: YAML query header,
 anchor index, per-record sections (selected frontmatter, body, relation
 lists), one-hop related records, and an edge table. Body policy:
 
-- **`effort get`:** full record body (the normal zoom-in path).
+- **`effort get`:** full record body (the normal zoom-in path), including
+  Blob payloads and Citation bodies (URLs / short notes).
 - **`list` / `records` / `relations` / `blocking-decisions`:** body excerpt
-  capped at 600 chars / 12 lines (`[…truncated]`).
+  capped at 600 chars / 12 lines (`[…truncated]`). **Blob bodies are omitted**
+  from these digests — use `effort get` for the payload. Citation bodies
+  (usually short) still excerpt normally.
 
 Caps: 25 primary records, one hop, 50 edges, 64 KiB; hitting a cap sets
 `complete: false` with named `cap_reasons` — narrow the query or page rather
@@ -117,8 +130,8 @@ flatbread effort blocking-decisions <effortId> [consistency flags]
 flatbread effort cache prune
 ```
 
-- `--kinds`: `effort|issue|finding|decision|constraint|risk` (records:
-  default all non-effort kinds).
+- `--kinds`: `effort|issue|finding|decision|constraint|risk|citation|blob`
+  (records: default all non-effort kinds, including `citation` and `blob`).
 - `list --status`: defaults to `active`; valid values are exactly `active`,
   `paused`, `completed`, and `abandoned`. Values are ORed and results are
   ordered by `created_at` ascending, then `id`.
@@ -126,7 +139,7 @@ flatbread effort cache prune
   `--since`/`--until` bound `created_at` (gte/lte, ISO strings).
 - `--relations` values: `derives_from`, `supersedes`, `superseded_by`,
   `invalidates`, `invalidated_by`, `rejected_by`, `mitigated_by`,
-  `resolved_by`, `evidence` (one hop, explicit only).
+  `resolved_by`, `evidence`, `cites` (one hop, explicit only).
 - `--resolve head`: follow `superseded_by` to the current tip; ancestors
   render as checkpoint lines (max 5, then a count).
 - `blocking-decisions` membership (frozen): Decision in the effort with
@@ -145,14 +158,14 @@ flatbread effort cache prune
 
 ## Configuration surface
 
-| Option           | Where                                               | Default                                     | Notes                                                                                                         |
-| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Graph root       | `effortGraphContent(root)` in `flatbread.config.js` | `.flatbread-efforts`                        | All six collection paths + refs derive from it; the preset must appear complete and unmodified for detection. |
-| Config discovery | cwd of the CLI invocation                           | —                                           | Exactly one `flatbread.config.*` must exist in cwd.                                                           |
-| Digest cache     | fixed                                               | `<cwd>/.flatbread/effort-graph/read-cache/` | Generation-keyed; gitignore it. `cache prune`: >24h old deleted, then oldest-first to ≤100 MiB.               |
-| Journal          | fixed                                               | `<root>/.journal/`                          | Writer-owned; gitignored. Never edit.                                                                         |
-| Strict timeout   | `--timeout-ms` per read                             | 3000 ms                                     |                                                                                                               |
-| Page limit       | `--limit` per read                                  | 25                                          | Hard max 25.                                                                                                  |
+| Option           | Where                                               | Default                                     | Notes                                                                                                           |
+| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Graph root       | `effortGraphContent(root)` in `flatbread.config.js` | `.flatbread-efforts`                        | All eight collection paths + refs derive from it; the preset must appear complete and unmodified for detection. |
+| Config discovery | cwd of the CLI invocation                           | —                                           | Exactly one `flatbread.config.*` must exist in cwd.                                                             |
+| Digest cache     | fixed                                               | `<cwd>/.flatbread/effort-graph/read-cache/` | Generation-keyed; gitignore it. `cache prune`: >24h old deleted, then oldest-first to ≤100 MiB.                 |
+| Journal          | fixed                                               | `<root>/.journal/`                          | Writer-owned; gitignored. Never edit.                                                                           |
+| Strict timeout   | `--timeout-ms` per read                             | 3000 ms                                     |                                                                                                                 |
+| Page limit       | `--limit` per read                                  | 25                                          | Hard max 25.                                                                                                    |
 
 ## What not to do
 
@@ -164,3 +177,6 @@ flatbread effort cache prune
   server-side.
 - Do not model sessions/plans/agents as records — put provenance in
   `produced_in` / `created_by` fields.
+- Do not put citation metadata objects into `cites` — use Citation records
+  (body/role/optional blob) and bare Citation ids in `cites`.
+- Do not expect Blob bodies in list/records digests; zoom with `effort get`.
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/digest.test.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/digest.test.ts
index 2ccbd5ac..7d9c9562 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/digest.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/digest.test.ts
@@ -170,6 +170,67 @@ test('pagination is incomplete without adding a cap reason', async (t) => {
   t.is(result.page.next_cursor, 'next');
 });
 
+test('renderDigest omits Blob bodies from bounded digests', async (t) => {
+  const cacheRoot = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'eg-digest-blob-'));
+  const secret = 'SECRET_BLOB_PAYLOAD_SHOULD_NOT_APPEAR';
+  const result = await renderDigest({
+    query: { type: 'listRecords', effort: 'eff-one--0123456789abcdef' },
+    queryHash: 'blob-list',
+    generation: '4',
+    consistency: { mode: 'eventual' as const, min_generation: null },
+    cacheRoot,
+    records: [
+      {
+        id: 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef',
+        kind: 'blob' as const,
+        path: 'blobs/blb-payload--0123456789abcdef.md',
+        frontmatter: {
+          id: 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef',
+          title: 'Payload',
+          kind: 'markdown',
+        },
+        body_excerpt: secret,
+        relations: {},
+      },
+    ],
+    edges: [],
+  });
+  const digest = await readFile(result.artifact_path, 'utf8');
+  t.false(digest.includes(secret));
+  t.true(digest.includes('Blob body omitted from bounded digests'));
+  t.true(digest.includes('effort get <blob-id>'));
+});
+
+test('renderDigest includes Blob body on fullBody get', async (t) => {
+  const cacheRoot = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'eg-digest-blob-full-'));
+  const secret = 'SECRET_BLOB_PAYLOAD_FULL_GET';
+  const result = await renderDigest({
+    query: { type: 'getRecord', id: 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef' },
+    queryHash: 'blob-get',
+    generation: '4',
+    consistency: { mode: 'eventual' as const, min_generation: null },
+    cacheRoot,
+    fullBody: true,
+    records: [
+      {
+        id: 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef',
+        kind: 'blob' as const,
+        path: 'blobs/blb-payload--0123456789abcdef.md',
+        frontmatter: {
+          id: 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef',
+          title: 'Payload',
+        },
+        body_excerpt: secret,
+        relations: {},
+      },
+    ],
+    edges: [],
+  });
+  const digest = await readFile(result.artifact_path, 'utf8');
+  t.true(digest.includes(secret));
+  t.false(digest.includes('Blob body omitted'));
+});
+
 test('byte caps keep complete unicode sections and rows', async (t) => {
   const cacheRoot = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'eg-digest-bytes-'));
   const result = await renderDigest({
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/ids.test.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/ids.test.ts
index 83700c9c..d1a07303 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/ids.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/ids.test.ts
@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ const kinds: [PrimitiveKind, string][] = [
   ['decision', 'dec'],
   ['constraint', 'con'],
   ['risk', 'rsk'],
+  ['blob', 'blb'],
+  ['citation', 'cit'],
 ];
 
-test('generates valid ids for all six prefixes', (t) => {
+test('generates valid ids for all eight prefixes', (t) => {
   for (const [kind, prefix] of kinds) {
     const id = generateArtifactId(kind, 'Some Great Title');
     t.true(id.startsWith(`${prefix}-some-great-title--`));
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/planner.test.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/planner.test.ts
index acae80d9..98225e3d 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/planner.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/planner.test.ts
@@ -434,3 +434,141 @@ test('20 SetRiskState', (t) => {
   ]);
   t.deepEqual(w[0].beforeBytes, s.getRawBytes(ids.risk));
 });
+test('21 WriteBlob', (t) => {
+  const id = 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef';
+  const w = planMutation(
+    {
+      type: 'WriteBlob',
+      id,
+      effort: E,
+      title: 'Payload',
+      body: '# longform research\n',
+      kind: 'markdown',
+    },
+    snap(),
+    '/root',
+    now
+  );
+  one(t, w, id, `blobs/${id}.md`, 'create', {
+    id,
+    effort: E,
+    title: 'Payload',
+    kind: 'markdown',
+    created_at: now.toISOString(),
+  });
+  t.is(
+    parseDocument(w[0].afterBytes, 'blob').body.trim(),
+    '# longform research'
+  );
+});
+test('22 WriteCitation with URL body and no blob', (t) => {
+  const id = 'cit-paper--0123456789abcdef';
+  const w = planMutation(
+    {
+      type: 'WriteCitation',
+      id,
+      effort: E,
+      title: 'Paper',
+      body: 'https://example.com/paper',
+      role: 'evidence',
+    },
+    snap(),
+    '/root',
+    now
+  );
+  one(t, w, id, `citations/${id}.md`, 'create', {
+    id,
+    effort: E,
+    title: 'Paper',
+    role: 'evidence',
+    created_at: now.toISOString(),
+  });
+  t.is(
+    parseDocument(w[0].afterBytes, 'citation').body.trim(),
+    'https://example.com/paper'
+  );
+});
+test('23 WriteCitation with optional blob', (t) => {
+  const blobId = 'blb-payload--0123456789abcdef';
+  const citId = 'cit-dump--0123456789abcdef';
+  const blob = record(blobId, 'blob', {
+    id: blobId,
+    effort: E,
+    title: 'Payload',
+    created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+    kind: 'markdown',
+  });
+  const w = planMutation(
+    {
+      type: 'WriteCitation',
+      id: citId,
+      effort: E,
+      title: 'Dump cite',
+      body: 'Local research dump',
+      blob: blobId,
+      role: 'evidence',
+    },
+    snap([blob]),
+    '/root',
+    now
+  );
+  t.is(parseDocument(w[0].afterBytes, 'citation').frontmatter.blob, blobId);
+});
+test('24 WriteFinding cites Citation', (t) => {
+  const citId = 'cit-paper--0123456789abcdef';
+  const citation = record(
+    citId,
+    'citation',
+    {
+      id: citId,
+      effort: E,
+      title: 'Paper',
+      created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+      role: 'evidence',
+    },
+    'https://example.com/paper'
+  );
+  const w = planMutation(
+    {
+      type: 'WriteFinding',
+      id: ids.finding,
+      effort: E,
+      title: 'F',
+      body: 'short',
+      kind: 'measurement',
+      cites: [citId],
+    },
+    snap([citation]),
+    '/root',
+    now
+  );
+  t.deepEqual(parseDocument(w[0].afterBytes, 'finding').frontmatter.cites, [
+    citId,
+  ]);
+});
+test('25 cites must target Citation', (t) => {
+  const finding = record(ids.finding, 'finding', {
+    id: ids.finding,
+    effort: E,
+    title: 'F',
+    created_at: '2025-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
+    kind: 'x',
+  });
+  t.throws(
+    () =>
+      planMutation(
+        {
+          type: 'WriteDecision',
+          id: ids.decision,
+          effort: E,
+          title: 'D',
+          body: '',
+          cites: [ids.finding],
+        },
+        snap([finding]),
+        '/root',
+        now
+      ),
+    { message: /cites must target a Citation/ }
+  );
+});
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/preset.test.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/preset.test.ts
index 6aae0c76..bfb8e7ac 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/preset.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/preset.test.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
 import test from 'ava';
 import { effortGraphContent } from '../preset.js';
 
-test('returns exactly six entries with exact paths and refs', (t) => {
+test('returns exactly eight entries with exact paths and refs', (t) => {
   const entries = effortGraphContent();
   t.deepEqual(entries, [
-    { collection: 'Effort', path: '.flatbread-efforts/efforts' },
+    {
+      collection: 'Effort',
+      path: '.flatbread-efforts/efforts',
+      refs: { cites: 'Citation' },
+    },
     {
       collection: 'Issue',
       path: '.flatbread-efforts/issues',
-      refs: { effort: 'Effort', supersedes: 'Issue', superseded_by: 'Issue' },
+      refs: {
+        effort: 'Effort',
+        supersedes: 'Issue',
+        superseded_by: 'Issue',
+        cites: 'Citation',
+      },
     },
     {
       collection: 'Finding',
@@ -17,6 +26,7 @@ test('returns exactly six entries with exact paths and refs', (t) => {
         effort: 'Effort',
         supersedes: 'Finding',
         superseded_by: 'Finding',
+        cites: 'Citation',
       },
     },
     {
@@ -27,6 +37,7 @@ test('returns exactly six entries with exact paths and refs', (t) => {
         supersedes: 'Decision',
         superseded_by: 'Decision',
         rejected_by: 'Decision',
+        cites: 'Citation',
       },
     },
     {
@@ -36,6 +47,7 @@ test('returns exactly six entries with exact paths and refs', (t) => {
         effort: 'Effort',
         supersedes: 'Constraint',
         superseded_by: 'Constraint',
+        cites: 'Citation',
       },
     },
     {
@@ -46,8 +58,19 @@ test('returns exactly six entries with exact paths and refs', (t) => {
         supersedes: 'Risk',
         superseded_by: 'Risk',
         mitigated_by: 'Decision',
+        cites: 'Citation',
       },
     },
+    {
+      collection: 'Citation',
+      path: '.flatbread-efforts/citations',
+      refs: { effort: 'Effort', blob: 'Blob' },
+    },
+    {
+      collection: 'Blob',
+      path: '.flatbread-efforts/blobs',
+      refs: { effort: 'Effort' },
+    },
   ]);
 });
 
@@ -62,6 +85,8 @@ test('a custom root is respected in every path', (t) => {
       'memory/graph/decisions',
       'memory/graph/constraints',
       'memory/graph/risks',
+      'memory/graph/citations',
+      'memory/graph/blobs',
     ]
   );
 });
@@ -73,6 +98,7 @@ test('polymorphic union fields are absent from every refs map', (t) => {
     'invalidated_by',
     'resolved_by',
     'evidence',
+    'cite_meta',
   ];
   for (const entry of effortGraphContent()) {
     for (const field of polymorphic) {
@@ -83,3 +109,13 @@ test('polymorphic union fields are absent from every refs map', (t) => {
     }
   }
 });
+
+test('cites is homogeneous Citation ref on every epistemic collection', (t) => {
+  for (const entry of effortGraphContent()) {
+    if (entry.collection === 'Blob' || entry.collection === 'Citation') {
+      t.falsy(entry.refs?.cites);
+      continue;
+    }
+    t.is(entry.refs?.cites, 'Citation', `${entry.collection}.cites → Citation`);
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/schemas.test.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/schemas.test.ts
index 930be3e5..ad4d34a8 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/schemas.test.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/__tests__/schemas.test.ts
@@ -56,6 +56,20 @@ const validMutations: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>> = {
     likelihood: 'low',
     severity: 'high',
   },
+  WriteCitation: {
+    type: 'WriteCitation',
+    effort: eff,
+    title: 'Paper',
+    body: 'https://example.com/paper',
+    role: 'evidence',
+  },
+  WriteBlob: {
+    type: 'WriteBlob',
+    effort: eff,
+    title: 'Payload',
+    body: '# longform\n',
+    kind: 'markdown',
+  },
   Supersede: { type: 'Supersede', supersederId: dec, targetId: dec },
   Invalidate: { type: 'Invalidate', findingId: fnd, targetId: dec },
   ResolveIssue: {
@@ -74,9 +88,9 @@ const validMutations: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>> = {
   },
 };
 
-test('each of the 13 mutation schemas accepts a valid input', (t) => {
+test('each of the 15 mutation schemas accepts a valid input', (t) => {
   const types = Object.keys(validMutations);
-  t.is(types.length, 13);
+  t.is(types.length, 15);
   for (const type of types) {
     t.notThrows(
       () => EffortGraphMutationSchema.parse(validMutations[type]),
@@ -138,6 +152,30 @@ test('rejects malformed ids', (t) => {
   );
 });
 
+test('WriteCitation allows URL body without blob; cites accept Citation ids', (t) => {
+  t.notThrows(() =>
+    EffortGraphMutationSchema.parse({
+      type: 'WriteCitation',
+      effort: eff,
+      title: 'External link',
+      body: 'https://example.com/research',
+    })
+  );
+  t.notThrows(() =>
+    EffortGraphMutationSchema.parse({
+      ...validMutations.WriteCitation,
+      blob: `blb-payload--${suffix}`,
+      role: 'context',
+    })
+  );
+  t.notThrows(() =>
+    EffortGraphMutationSchema.parse({
+      ...validMutations.WriteFinding,
+      cites: [`cit-paper--${suffix}`],
+    })
+  );
+});
+
 test('frontmatter schemas passthrough unknown keys', (t) => {
   const parsed = EffortFrontmatterSchema.parse({
     id: eff,
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/digest.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/digest.ts
index 5c58d9d0..5b7a76eb 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/digest.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/digest.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ export type ReadRelation =
   | 'rejected_by'
   | 'mitigated_by'
   | 'resolved_by'
-  | 'evidence';
+  | 'evidence'
+  | 'cites';
 
 export interface ReadRecord {
   id: string;
@@ -82,6 +83,8 @@ const FRONTMATTER_KEYS = [
   'rejected_by',
   'mitigated_by',
   'evidence',
+  'role',
+  'blob',
 ];
 
 function scalar(value: unknown): string {
@@ -149,6 +152,14 @@ function renderRecordBody(
   bodyMode: RecordBodyMode
 ): string {
   if (bodyMode === 'byte_cap_miss') return byteCapBodyBanner(record);
+  // Bounded digests cite Blob id/title/locator — never inline Blob bodies.
+  if (record.kind === 'blob' && bodyMode !== 'full') {
+    return [
+      '> Blob body omitted from bounded digests.',
+      `Source path: \`${record.path || '(unknown)'}\`.`,
+      'Use `effort get <blob-id>` to read the payload.',
+    ].join(' ');
+  }
   if (bodyMode === 'full') return normalizeBody(record.body_excerpt);
   return excerpt(record.body_excerpt);
 }
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/frontmatter.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/frontmatter.ts
index bbc2cc9a..d23ebab7 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/frontmatter.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/frontmatter.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ const order = [
   'kind',
   'status',
   'state',
+  'role',
+  'blob',
   'created_at',
   'produced_in',
   'created_by',
@@ -21,7 +23,9 @@ const order = [
   'rejected_by',
   'mitigated_by',
   'evidence',
+  'cites',
 ];
+
 export function canonicalizeFrontmatter(
   input: Record<string, unknown>
 ): Record<string, unknown> {
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/ids.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/ids.ts
index c5922efe..162ce550 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/ids.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/ids.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ export const KIND_PREFIX: Record<PrimitiveKind, string> = {
   decision: 'dec',
   constraint: 'con',
   risk: 'rsk',
+  blob: 'blb',
+  citation: 'cit',
 };
 export const KIND_DIRECTORY: Record<PrimitiveKind, string> = {
   effort: 'efforts',
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ export const KIND_DIRECTORY: Record<PrimitiveKind, string> = {
   decision: 'decisions',
   constraint: 'constraints',
   risk: 'risks',
+  blob: 'blobs',
+  citation: 'citations',
 };
 export const PREFIX_KIND = Object.fromEntries(
   Object.entries(KIND_PREFIX).map(([k, v]) => [v, k])
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/planner.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/planner.ts
index c155901f..508c5439 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/planner.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/planner.ts
@@ -20,8 +20,33 @@ const kinds: Record<string, PrimitiveKind> = {
   WriteDecision: 'decision',
   WriteConstraint: 'constraint',
   WriteRisk: 'risk',
+  WriteCitation: 'citation',
+  WriteBlob: 'blob',
 };
 
+const EPISTEMIC_CREATE = new Set([
+  'issue',
+  'finding',
+  'decision',
+  'constraint',
+  'risk',
+]);
+
+function assertCites(
+  get: (
+    id: string
+  ) => NonNullable<ReturnType<EffortGraphSnapshot['getRecord']>>,
+  cites: string[] | undefined
+): void {
+  for (const citeId of cites ?? []) {
+    const target = get(citeId);
+    if (target.kind !== 'citation')
+      throw new EffortGraphValidationError(
+        `cites must target a Citation, got ${target.kind} (${citeId})`
+      );
+  }
+}
+
 export function planMutation(
   input: EffortGraphMutation,
   snapshot: EffortGraphSnapshot,
@@ -73,6 +98,7 @@ export function planMutation(
       throw new EffortGraphValidationError(
         `Duplicate effort slug ${input.slug}`
       );
+    assertCites(get, input.cites);
     add(
       id,
       'effort',
@@ -88,6 +114,7 @@ export function planMutation(
         ...(input.created_by !== undefined
           ? { created_by: input.created_by }
           : {}),
+        ...(input.cites !== undefined ? { cites: input.cites } : {}),
       },
       input.body,
       'create'
@@ -113,6 +140,15 @@ export function planMutation(
     const effort = get(raw.effort);
     if (effort.kind !== 'effort')
       throw new EffortGraphValidationError('Invalid effort');
+    if (kind === 'citation' && raw.blob !== undefined) {
+      const blob = get(raw.blob);
+      if (blob.kind !== 'blob')
+        throw new EffortGraphValidationError(
+          `Citation.blob must target a Blob, got ${blob.kind}`
+        );
+    }
+    if (EPISTEMIC_CREATE.has(kind) || kind === 'effort')
+      assertCites(get, raw.cites);
     const fm: Record<string, unknown> = {
       ...raw,
       id,
@@ -123,6 +159,12 @@ export function planMutation(
     if (kind === 'issue') fm.status = 'open';
     if (kind === 'decision') fm.state = 'proposed';
     if (kind === 'risk') fm.state = 'open';
+    if (kind === 'blob' || kind === 'citation') {
+      delete fm.cites;
+      delete fm.derives_from;
+      delete fm.supersedes;
+      delete fm.invalidates;
+    }
     add(id, kind, fm, raw.body, 'create');
     for (const edge of ['supersedes', 'invalidates'] as const)
       for (const targetId of (fm[edge] as string[] | undefined) ?? []) {
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/preset.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/preset.ts
index 4d1bd79d..d9e4a1a8 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/preset.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/preset.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,28 @@
 import type { ContentEntry } from '@flatbread/core';
+
+const CITE_REFS = { cites: 'Citation' } as const;
+
 export function effortGraphContent(
   root = '.flatbread-efforts'
 ): ContentEntry[] {
   // Union refs intentionally stay out of Flatbread refs; they target multiple collections.
+  // `cites` is homogeneous → Citation so core validates + GraphQL-resolves the edge.
+  // Citation may optionally ref a Blob; a Citation body alone (e.g. a URL) is valid.
   return [
-    { collection: 'Effort', path: `${root}/efforts` },
+    {
+      collection: 'Effort',
+      path: `${root}/efforts`,
+      refs: { ...CITE_REFS },
+    },
     {
       collection: 'Issue',
       path: `${root}/issues`,
-      refs: { effort: 'Effort', supersedes: 'Issue', superseded_by: 'Issue' },
+      refs: {
+        effort: 'Effort',
+        supersedes: 'Issue',
+        superseded_by: 'Issue',
+        ...CITE_REFS,
+      },
     },
     {
       collection: 'Finding',
@@ -17,6 +31,7 @@ export function effortGraphContent(
         effort: 'Effort',
         supersedes: 'Finding',
         superseded_by: 'Finding',
+        ...CITE_REFS,
       },
     },
     {
@@ -27,6 +42,7 @@ export function effortGraphContent(
         supersedes: 'Decision',
         superseded_by: 'Decision',
         rejected_by: 'Decision',
+        ...CITE_REFS,
       },
     },
     {
@@ -36,6 +52,7 @@ export function effortGraphContent(
         effort: 'Effort',
         supersedes: 'Constraint',
         superseded_by: 'Constraint',
+        ...CITE_REFS,
       },
     },
     {
@@ -46,8 +63,19 @@ export function effortGraphContent(
         supersedes: 'Risk',
         superseded_by: 'Risk',
         mitigated_by: 'Decision',
+        ...CITE_REFS,
       },
     },
+    {
+      collection: 'Citation',
+      path: `${root}/citations`,
+      refs: { effort: 'Effort', blob: 'Blob' },
+    },
+    {
+      collection: 'Blob',
+      path: `${root}/blobs`,
+      refs: { effort: 'Effort' },
+    },
   ];
 }
 
@@ -75,6 +103,8 @@ export function findEffortGraphContentRoot(
     'Decision',
     'Constraint',
     'Risk',
+    'Citation',
+    'Blob',
   ];
   const effort = content.find(
     (entry) => entry.collection === 'Effort' && typeof entry.path === 'string'
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/read.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/read.ts
index ff35248b..7296f8d1 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/read.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/read.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export const READ_RELATIONS = [
   'mitigated_by',
   'resolved_by',
   'evidence',
+  'cites',
 ] as const;
 
 export interface ReadOptions {
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/schemas.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/schemas.ts
index 48d0172e..8f810811 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/schemas.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/schemas.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ const id = z
   .string()
   .regex(/^[a-z]{3}-[a-z0-9-]+--[0123456789abcdefghjkmnpqrstvwxyz]{16}$/);
 const effort = id;
+const cites = {
+  cites: id.array().optional(),
+};
 const common = {
   id: id.optional(),
   title: z.string().min(1),
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ const edges = {
 export const CreateEffortSchema = z.object({
   type: z.literal('CreateEffort'),
   ...common,
+  ...cites,
   slug: z.string().optional(),
 });
 export const SetEffortStatusSchema = z.object({
@@ -27,7 +31,7 @@ export const SetEffortStatusSchema = z.object({
   effortId: id,
   status: z.enum(['active', 'paused', 'completed', 'abandoned']),
 });
-const createBase = { ...common, ...edges, effort: id };
+const createBase = { ...common, ...edges, ...cites, effort: id };
 export const WriteIssueSchema = z.object({
   type: z.literal('WriteIssue'),
   ...createBase,
@@ -53,6 +57,20 @@ export const WriteRiskSchema = z.object({
   likelihood: z.enum(['low', 'medium', 'high']),
   severity: z.enum(['low', 'medium', 'high']),
 });
+export const WriteCitationSchema = z.object({
+  type: z.literal('WriteCitation'),
+  ...common,
+  effort: id,
+  /** Optional longform/payload target; body alone (e.g. a URL) is valid. */
+  blob: id.optional(),
+  role: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+});
+export const WriteBlobSchema = z.object({
+  type: z.literal('WriteBlob'),
+  ...common,
+  effort: id,
+  kind: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+});
 export const SupersedeSchema = z.object({
   type: z.literal('Supersede'),
   supersederId: id,
@@ -93,6 +111,8 @@ export const EffortGraphMutationSchema = z.discriminatedUnion('type', [
   WriteDecisionSchema,
   WriteConstraintSchema,
   WriteRiskSchema,
+  WriteCitationSchema,
+  WriteBlobSchema,
   SupersedeSchema,
   InvalidateSchema,
   ResolveIssueSchema,
@@ -164,6 +184,25 @@ export const RiskFrontmatterSchema = z
     severity: z.enum(['low', 'medium', 'high']),
   })
   .passthrough();
+export const CitationFrontmatterSchema = z
+  .object({
+    id,
+    effort,
+    title: z.string().min(1),
+    created_at: z.string(),
+    blob: id.optional(),
+    role: z.string().optional(),
+  })
+  .passthrough();
+export const BlobFrontmatterSchema = z
+  .object({
+    id,
+    effort,
+    title: z.string().min(1),
+    created_at: z.string(),
+    kind: z.string().optional(),
+  })
+  .passthrough();
 export const FrontmatterSchemas = {
   effort: EffortFrontmatterSchema,
   issue: IssueFrontmatterSchema,
@@ -171,4 +210,6 @@ export const FrontmatterSchemas = {
   decision: DecisionFrontmatterSchema,
   constraint: ConstraintFrontmatterSchema,
   risk: RiskFrontmatterSchema,
+  citation: CitationFrontmatterSchema,
+  blob: BlobFrontmatterSchema,
 };
diff --git a/packages/effort-graph/src/types.ts b/packages/effort-graph/src/types.ts
index 12846b20..83d542b6 100644
--- a/packages/effort-graph/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/effort-graph/src/types.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ export type PrimitiveKind =
   | 'finding'
   | 'decision'
   | 'constraint'
-  | 'risk';
+  | 'risk'
+  | 'blob'
+  | 'citation';
 export type GenerationToken = string;
 export interface WrittenArtifact {
   id: string;
diff --git a/packages/flatbread/src/cli/effort.test.ts b/packages/flatbread/src/cli/effort.test.ts
index 4b2ea42d..a897cf08 100644
--- a/packages/flatbread/src/cli/effort.test.ts
+++ b/packages/flatbread/src/cli/effort.test.ts
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ test.serial(
       'decisions',
       'constraints',
       'risks',
+      'citations',
+      'blobs',
     ])
       await mkdir(join(cwd, '.flatbread-efforts', directory), {
         recursive: true,
@@ -230,6 +232,8 @@ test.serial(
       'decisions',
       'constraints',
       'risks',
+      'citations',
+      'blobs',
     ])
       await mkdir(join(cwd, '.flatbread-efforts', directory), {
         recursive: true,
@@ -264,6 +268,8 @@ test.serial(
       'decisions',
       'constraints',
       'risks',
+      'citations',
+      'blobs',
     ])
       await mkdir(join(cwd, '.flatbread-efforts', directory), {
         recursive: true,
@@ -331,6 +337,8 @@ test.serial(
       'decisions',
       'constraints',
       'risks',
+      'citations',
+      'blobs',
     ])
       await mkdir(join(cwd, '.flatbread-efforts', directory), {
         recursive: true,
diff --git a/packages/flatbread/src/effort/read.ts b/packages/flatbread/src/effort/read.ts
index df6f0bd1..04bde5b8 100644
--- a/packages/flatbread/src/effort/read.ts
+++ b/packages/flatbread/src/effort/read.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ type Collection =
   | 'Finding'
   | 'Decision'
   | 'Constraint'
-  | 'Risk';
+  | 'Risk'
+  | 'Citation'
+  | 'Blob';
 
 const COLLECTIONS: readonly Collection[] = [
   'Effort',
@@ -42,6 +44,8 @@ const COLLECTIONS: readonly Collection[] = [
   'Decision',
   'Constraint',
   'Risk',
+  'Citation',
+  'Blob',
 ];
 const KIND_TO_COLLECTION: Record<PrimitiveKind, Collection> = {
   effort: 'Effort',
@@ -50,6 +54,8 @@ const KIND_TO_COLLECTION: Record<PrimitiveKind, Collection> = {
   decision: 'Decision',
   constraint: 'Constraint',
   risk: 'Risk',
+  citation: 'Citation',
+  blob: 'Blob',
 };
 const FRONTMATTER_FIELDS = [
   'effort',
@@ -57,6 +63,8 @@ const FRONTMATTER_FIELDS = [
   'kind',
   'status',
   'state',
+  'role',
+  'blob',
   'created_at',
   'slug',
   'produced_in',
@@ -70,6 +78,7 @@ const FRONTMATTER_FIELDS = [
   'rejected_by',
   'mitigated_by',
   'evidence',
+  'cites',
 ] as const;
 const RELATION_FIELDS = new Set([
   'derives_from',
@@ -81,6 +90,7 @@ const RELATION_FIELDS = new Set([
   'mitigated_by',
   'resolved_by',
   'evidence',
+  'cites',
 ]);
 
 function plural(collection: Collection): string {
@@ -90,6 +100,8 @@ function plural(collection: Collection): string {
     ? 'Findings'
     : collection === 'Risk'
     ? 'Risks'
+    : collection === 'Citation'
+    ? 'Citations'
     : `${collection}s`;
 }
 
@@ -111,6 +123,10 @@ function collectionForId(id: string): Collection | undefined {
     ? 'Constraint'
     : prefix === 'rsk'
     ? 'Risk'
+    : prefix === 'cit'
+    ? 'Citation'
+    : prefix === 'blb'
+    ? 'Blob'
     : undefined;
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +157,7 @@ function toRecord(node: RawNode, collection: Collection): ReadRecord {
     if (node[field] === undefined) continue;
     const key = rawKey(field);
     const ids = relationIds(node[field]);
-    if (field === 'effort') frontmatter[key] = ids[0];
+    if (field === 'effort' || field === 'blob') frontmatter[key] = ids[0];
     else if (RELATION_FIELDS.has(field)) relations[key as ReadRelation] = ids;
     else frontmatter[key] = node[field];
   }
@@ -344,14 +360,17 @@ class EngineProjection {
       'invalidated_by',
       'resolved_by',
       'evidence',
+      'role',
       ...((available.has('_content') ? ['_content { raw }'] : []) as string[]),
     ].filter((field) => available.has(field.split(' ', 1)[0]));
     for (const relation of [
       'effort',
+      'blob',
       'supersedes',
       'superseded_by',
       'rejected_by',
       'mitigated_by',
+      'cites',
     ])
       if (available.has(relation) && !fields.includes(relation))
         fields.push(`${relation} { id }`);
@@ -529,6 +548,8 @@ export async function effortRecords(
         'decision',
         'constraint',
         'risk',
+        'citation',
+        'blob',
       ] as PrimitiveKind[]);
   const where = options.where ?? {};
   // The generated relation field materializes as an object, so its `eq`
diff --git a/packages/flatbread/src/graphql/liveServerEffortGraph.test.ts b/packages/flatbread/src/graphql/liveServerEffortGraph.test.ts
index b2c20879..6d443cb8 100644
--- a/packages/flatbread/src/graphql/liveServerEffortGraph.test.ts
+++ b/packages/flatbread/src/graphql/liveServerEffortGraph.test.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ async function makeDir() {
     'decisions',
     'constraints',
     'risks',
+    'citations',
+    'blobs',
   ])
     await mkdir(join(root, path), { recursive: true });
   await mkdir(join(root, 'plain'), { recursive: true });